ASTM D1478-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Ball Bearing Grease
Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Ball Bearing Grease
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the extent to which a grease retards the rotation of a slow-speed ball bearing by measuring starting and running torques at low temperatures (below -20ˌC (0°F)).
1.1.1 Torque measurements are limited by the capacity of the torque-measuring equipment.
Note 1—When initially developed, the original dynamometer scale limited the torque capacity to approximately 30 000 g·cm; the original dynamometer scale is obsolete, however. The suggested replacement scale has not been evaluated; it could extend the limit to approximately 75 000 g·cm.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard in this test method, except for torque values which are given in cgs-metric units, which are universally used in grease specifications. Other units are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard and warning statements, see 6.1.1, 7.2, 7.4, 8.7, and 8.11.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D1478–02
Standard Test Method for
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Low-Temperature Torque of Ball Bearing Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1478; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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1. Scope * Standard ball bearings (set of 5 ball bearings)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the extent
3. Terminology
to which a grease retards the rotation of a slow-speed ball
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bearing by measuring starting and running torques at low
3.1.1 low-temperature torque, n—the torque in g·cm re-
temperatures (below−20°C (0°F)).
quired to restrain the outer ring of a No. 6204 size open ball
1.1.1 Torque measurements are limited by the capacity of
bearing lubricated with the test grease while the inner ring is
the torque-measuring equipment.
rotated at 1 6 0.05 r/min at the test temperature.
NOTE 1—When initially developed, the original dynamometer scale
3.1.2 running torque, n—the 15-s average value of the
limited the torque capacity to approximately 30000 g·cm; the original
torque after rotation for a specified period of time (60 min).
dynamometerscaleisobsolete,however.Thesuggestedreplacementscale
3.1.3 starting torque, n—the maximum torque measured at
has not been evaluated; it could extend the limit to approximately 75000
the start of rotation.
g·cm.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Summary of Test Method
standardinthistestmethod,exceptfortorquevalueswhichare
4.1 ANo. 6204 open ball bearing is packed completely full
given in cgs-metric units, which are universally used in grease
of the test grease and cleaned off flush with the sides. The
specifications. Other units are provided for information only.
bearing remains stationary while ambient temperature is low-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ered to the test temperature and held there for 2 h. At the end
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of this time, the inner ring of the ball bearing is rotated at 1 6
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
0.05 r/min while the restraining force on the outer ring is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measured.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
4.2 Torque is determined by multiplying the restraining
and warning statements, see 6.1.1, 7.2, 7.4, 8.7, and 8.11.
forcebytheradiusofthebearinghousing.Bothstartingtorque
and torque after 60 min of rotation (running torque) are
2. Referenced Documents
determined.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4693 Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of
5. Significance and Use
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Grease-Lubricated Wheel Bearings
5.1 This test method was developed using greases having
2.2 ANSI/AFBMA Standard:
very low torque characteristics at−54°C (−65°F). Specifica-
Standard20-1987 Radial Bearings of Ball, Cylindrical,
tions for greases of this type commonly require testing at this
Roller, and Spherical-Roller Type—Metric Designs
temperature. Specifications for greases of other types can
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(AFBMA Code 20BCO2JO)
require testing at temperatures from−75 to−20°C (−100 to
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
0°F).
5.2 This test method has proved helpful in the selection of
greases for low-powered mechanisms, such as instrument
bearings used in aerospace applications. The suitability of this
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
test method for other applications requiring different greases,
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
speeds, and temperatures should be determined on an indi-
D02.G0 on Lubricating Grease.
vidual basis.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originally
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D1478–91(1997).
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
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Available from AFBMA (Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers’ Association), The ball bearing has been standardized by Subcommittee D02.G0. Available
1101 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036–4303. from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD3336.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1478–02
6.1.4 Torque-Measuring Equipment—A calibrated dyna-
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mometer scale having a range of approx
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