ASTM E2533-21
(Guide)Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide references requirements that are intended to control the quality of NDT data. The purpose of this guide, therefore, is not to establish acceptance criteria and therefore approve composite materials or components for aerospace service.
5.2 Following the discretion of the cognizant engineering organization, NDT for fracture control of composite and bonded materials should follow additional guidance described in MIL-HDBK-6870, NASA-STD-(I)-5019, or MSFC-RQMT-3479, or a combination thereof, as appropriate (not covered in this guide).
5.3 Certain procedures referenced in this guide are written so they can be specified on the engineering drawing, specification, purchase order, or contract, for example, Practice E1742/E1742M (Radiography).
5.4 Acceptance Criteria—Determination about whether a composite material or component meets acceptance criteria and is suitable for aerospace service should be made by the cognizant engineering organization. When examinations are performed in accordance with the referenced documents in this guide, the engineering drawing, specification, purchase order, or contract should indicate the acceptance criteria.
5.4.1 Accept/reject criteria should consist of a listing of the expected kinds of imperfections and the rejection level for each.
5.4.2 The classification of the articles under test into zones for various accept/reject criteria should be determined from contractual documents.
5.4.3 Rejection of Composite Articles—If the type, size, or quantities of defects are found to be outside the allowable limits specified by the drawing, purchase order, or contract, the composite article should be separated from acceptable articles, appropriately identified as discrepant, and submitted for material review by the cognizant engineering organization, and dispositioned as (1) acceptable as is, (2) subject to further rework or repair to make the materials or component acceptable, or (3) scrapped when required by contractu...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information to help engineers select appropriate nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to characterize aerospace polymer matrix composites (PMCs). This guide does not intend to describe every inspection technology. Rather, emphasis is placed on established NDT methods that have been developed into consensus standards and that are currently used by industry. Specific practices and test methods are not described in detail, but are referenced. The referenced NDT practices and test methods have demonstrated utility in quality assurance of PMCs during process design and optimization, process control, after manufacture inspection, in-service inspection, and health monitoring.
1.2 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria and is not intended to be used as a means for approving composite materials or components for service.
1.3 This guide covers the following established NDT methods as applied to PMCs: Acoustic Emission (AE, Section 7); Computed Tomography (CT, Section 8); Leak Testing (LT, Section 9); Radiographic Testing, Computed Radiography, Digital Radiography, and Radioscopy (RT, CR, DR, RTR, Section 10); Shearography (Section 11); Strain Measurement (Contact Methods, Section 12); Thermography (Section 13); Ultrasonic Testing (UT, Section 14); and Visual Testing (VT, Section 15).
1.4 The value of this guide consists of the narrative descriptions of general procedures and significance and use sections for established NDT practices and test methods as applied to PMCs. Additional information is provided about the use of currently active standard documents (an emphasis is placed on applicable standard guides, practices, and test methods of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing), geometry and size considerations, safety and hazards considerations, and information about physical reference standards.
1.5 To ensure proper use of the referenced standard documents, there are recogni...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2533 − 21
Standard Guide for
Nondestructive Examination of Polymer Matrix Composites
1
Used in Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2533; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.5 To ensure proper use of the referenced standard
documents, there are recognized NDT specialists that are
1.1 Thisguideprovidesinformationtohelpengineersselect
certified in accordance with industry and company NDT
appropriate nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to charac-
specifications. It is recommended that a NDT specialist be a
terize aerospace polymer matrix composites (PMCs). This
part of any composite component design, quality assurance,
guide does not intend to describe every inspection technology.
in-service maintenance, or damage examination.
Rather, emphasis is placed on established NDT methods that
have been developed into consensus standards and that are
1.6 This guide summarizes the application of NDT proce-
currently used by industry. Specific practices and test methods
durestofiber-andfabric-reinforcedpolymericmatrixcompos-
are not described in detail, but are referenced. The referenced
ites. The composites of interest are primarily, but not
NDT practices and test methods have demonstrated utility in
exclusively, limited to those containing high modulus (greater
quality assurance of PMCs during process design and
6
than 20 GPa (3×10 psi)) fibers. Furthermore, an emphasis is
optimization, process control, after manufacture inspection,
placed on composites with continuous (versus discontinuous)
in-service inspection, and health monitoring.
fiber reinforcement.
1.2 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria and is
1.7 This guide is applicable to PMCs containing, but not
not intended to be used as a means for approving composite
limited to, bismaleimide, epoxy, phenolic, poly(amide imide),
materials or components for service.
polybenzimidazole, polyester (thermosetting and
1.3 This guide covers the following established NDT meth-
thermoplastic), poly(ether ether ketone), poly(ether imide),
ods as applied to PMCs: Acoustic Emission (AE, Section 7);
polyimide (thermosetting and thermoplastic), poly(phenylene
Computed Tomography (CT, Section 8); Leak Testing (LT,
sulfide), or polysulfone matrices; and alumina, aramid, boron,
Section 9); Radiographic Testing, Computed Radiography,
carbon, glass, quartz, or silicon carbide fibers.
Digital Radiography, and Radioscopy (RT, CR, DR, RTR,
Section 10); Shearography (Section 11); Strain Measurement
NOTE 1—Per the discretion of the cognizant engineering organization,
(Contact Methods, Section 12); Thermography (Section 13);
composite materials not developed and qualified in accordance with the
guidelinesinCMH-17,Volumes1and3shouldhaveanapprovedmaterial
Ultrasonic Testing (UT, Section 14); and Visual Testing (VT,
usage agreement.
Section 15).
1.8 The composite materials considered herein include uni-
1.4 Thevalueofthisguideconsistsofthenarrativedescrip-
axial laminae, cross-ply laminates, angle-ply laminates, and
tions of general procedures and significance and use sections
sandwich constructions. The composite components made
for established NDT practices and test methods as applied to
therefrom include filament-wound pressure vessels, flight con-
PMCs. Additional information is provided about the use of
trol surfaces, and various structural composites.
currently active standard documents (an emphasis is placed on
applicable standard guides, practices, and test methods of
1.9 For current and potential NDT procedures for finding
ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing), geometry
indications of discontinuities in the composite overwrap and
andsizeconsiderations,safetyandhazardsconsiderations,and
thin-walled metallic liners in filament-wound pressure vessels,
information about physical reference standards.
also known as composite overwrapped pressure vessels
(COPVs), refer to Guides E2981 and E2982, respectively.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
tiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized
1.10 ForasummaryoftheapplicationofdestructiveASTM
NDT Methods.
standard practices and test methods (and other supporting
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published March 2021. Originally
ε1 standards
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2533 − 17 E2533 − 21
Standard Guide for
Nondestructive TestingExamination of Polymer Matrix
1
Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2533; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—An editorial correction was made to subsection 4.2 in November 2017.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides information to help engineers select appropriate nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to characterize
aerospace polymer matrix composites (PMCs). This guide does not intend to describe every inspection technology. Rather,
emphasis is placed on established NDT methods that have been developed into consensus standards and that are currently used
by industry. Specific practices and test methods are not described in detail, but are referenced. The referenced NDT practices and
test methods have demonstrated utility in quality assurance of PMCs during process design and optimization, process control, after
manufacture inspection, in-service inspection, and health monitoring.
1.2 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria and is not intended to be used as a means for approving composite materials
or components for service.
1.3 This guide covers the following established NDT methods as applied to PMCs: Acoustic Emission (AE, Section 7),);
Computed Tomography (CT, Section 8),); Leak Testing (LT, Section 9),); Radiographic Testing, Computed Radiography, Digital
Radiography, and Radioscopy (RT, CR, DR, RTR, Section 10),); Shearography ((Section 11),); Strain Measurement (contact
methods, (Contact Methods, Section 12),); Thermography ((Section 13),); Ultrasonic Testing (UT, Section 14),); and Visual Testing
(VT, Section 15).
1.4 The value of this guide consists of the narrative descriptions of general procedures and significance and use sections for
established NDT practices and test methods as applied to PMCs. Additional information is provided about the use of currently
active standard documents (an emphasis is placed on applicable standard guides, practices, and test methods of ASTM Committee
E07 on Nondestructive Testing), geometry and size considerations, safety and hazards considerations, and information about
physical reference standards.
1.5 To ensure proper use of the referenced standard documents, there are recognized NDT specialists that are certified in
accordance with industry and company NDT specifications. It is recommended that a NDT specialist be a part of any composite
component design, quality assurance, in-service maintenance, or damage examination.
1.6 This guide summarizes the application of NDT procedures to fiber- and fabric-reinforced polymeric matrix composites. The
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized NDT
Methods.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Feb. 1, 2021. Published June 2017March 2021. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
ε1
E2533E2533 – 17 –16a. DOI: 10.1520/E2533-17E01.10.1520/E2533-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E2533 − 21
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composites of interest are primarily, but not exclusively, limited to those containing high modulus (greater than 20 GPa (3×10 psi))
fibers. Furthermore, an emphasis is placed on composites with continuous (versus discontinuous) fiber reinforcement.
1.7 This guide is applicable to PMCs containing, but not limited to, bismaleimide, epoxy, phenolic, poly(amide imide),
polybenzimidazole, polyester (thermosetting and thermoplastic), poly(ether ether ketone), poly(ether imide), polyimide (thermo-
setting and thermoplastic), poly(phenylene sulfide), or polysulfone matrices; and alumina, aramid, boron, carbon, glass, quartz, or
silicon carbide fibers.
NOTE 1—Per the discretion of the cognizant engineering organization, composite materials not developed and qualified in accordance with the guidelines
in CMH-17, Volumes 1 and 3 should have an approved material usage agreement.
1.8 The composite materials considered herein include uniaxi
...
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