ASTM E2347-16

Standard Test Method for Indentation Softening Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Data obtained by this test method shall not be used to predict the behavior of materials at elevated temperatures except in applications in which the conditions of time, temperature, method of loading, and stress are similar to those specified in the test.  
5.2 This test method is particularly suited for quality control and development work. The data are not intended for use in design or predicting endurance at elevated temperatures.  
5.3 Ruggedness testing indicates that some materials, such as poly (vinyl chloride) exhibit substantially greater imprecision than that described in Section 14 for “well behaved” materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to materials that soften upon heating to a modulus less than 6.0 MPa. This test method describes the determination of the temperature at which the specific modulus of either 6.65 (Method A) or 33.3 MPa (Method B) (equivalent to Test Method D1525) of a test specimen is realized by indentation measurement using a thermomechanical analyzer as the test specimen is heated. This temperature is identified as the indentation softening temperature. The test may be performed over the temperature range of ambient to 300°C.
Note 1: This test method is intended to provide results similar to those of Test Method D1525 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer using a smaller diameter indenting probe. Equivalence of results to those obtained by Test Method D1525 has been demonstrated on a limited number of materials. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results of this Test Method shall be considered to be independent and unrelated to those of Test Method D1525.  
1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, poly (vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride) and other materials having a large measurement imprecision (see Test Method D1525 and 5.3 and Section 14).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2016
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2347 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Indentation Softening Temperature by Thermomechanical
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2347; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method is applicable to materials that soften 2.1 ASTM Standards:
uponheatingtoamoduluslessthan6.0MPa.Thistestmethod D1525Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of
describes the determination of the temperature at which the Plastics
specific modulus of either 6.65 (Method A) or 33.3 MPa E473Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
(Method B) (equivalent to Test Method D1525) of a test ology
specimen is realized by indentation measurement using a E1142Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
thermomechanicalanalyzerasthetestspecimenisheated.This E1363Test Method forTemperature Calibration ofThermo-
temperature is identified as the indentation softening tempera- mechanical Analyzers
ture. The test may be performed over the temperature range of E2113Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Ther-
ambient to 300°C. momechanical Analyzers
E2206Test Method for Force Calibration of Thermome-
NOTE1—Thistestmethodisintendedtoprovideresultssimilartothose
chanical Analyzers
of Test Method D1525 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer
using a smaller diameter indenting probe. Equivalence of results to those
3. Terminology
obtained by Test Method D1525 has been demonstrated on a limited
number of materials. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results
3.1 Definitions:
ofthisTestMethodshallbeconsideredtobeindependentandunrelatedto
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are
those of Test Method D1525.
defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142 including Celsius,
1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl
complex modulus, modulus, strain, stress, storage modulus,
cellulose, poly (vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride) and
thermal analysis, and thermomechanical analysis.
other materials having a large measurement imprecision (see
3.1.2 penetration softening temperature, [°C],n—the tem-
Test Method D1525 and 5.3 and Section 14).
perature at which a test specimen has a modulus of either 6.65
or 33.3 MPa as measured in penetration.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4. Summary of Test Method
standard.
4.1 The modulus of a material may be determined by the
1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.
indentation (penetration) of a circular, flat tipped probe. The
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
relationship between modulus of a material (stress divided by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
strain) and penetration depth is given by:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E 5 3 F/~4Dd! (1)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. where:
E = modulus, MPa,
F = force, N,
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on
2
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2347 – 11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2347-16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2347 − 16
6.1.1 Rigid Specimen Holder, of inert, low expansivity
D = diameter of a circular, flat tipped probe, mm, and
-1 -1
material(<1µmm °C )tocenterthespecimeninthefurnace
d = penetration depth, mm.
2
and to fix the specimen to mechanical ground.
NOTE 2—Note the identity Pa=N/m .
6.1.2 Rigid Penetration Probe, of inert, low expansivity
4.2 Somematerialssoftenuponheating.Forsuchmaterials,
-1 -1
material (<1 µm m °C ) that contacts the specimen with an
the modulus may be determined by penetration as the sample
applied compression force (see Fig. 1). The tip shall be 0.1 to
is heated. This test method identifies the temperature at which
1.0 mm in diameter, free of burrs and be perpendicular to the
the modulus of the specimen is determ
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2347 − 11 E2347 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Indentation Softening Temperature by Thermomechanical
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2347; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is applicable to materials that soften upon heating to a modulus less than 6.0 MPa. This test method
describes the determination of the temperature at which the specific modulus of either 6.65 (Method A) or 33.3 MPa (Method B)
(equivalent to Test Method D1525) of a test specimen is realized by indentation measurement using a thermomechanical analyzer
as the test specimen is heated. This temperature is identified as the indentation softening temperature. The test may be performed
over the temperature range of ambient to 300 °C.300°C.
NOTE 1—This test method is intended to provide results similar to those of Test Method D1525 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer using
a smaller diameter indenting probe. Equivalence of results to those obtained by Test Method D1525 has been demonstrated on a limited number of
materials. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results of this Test Method shall be considered to be independent and unrelated to those of Test
Method D1525.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, poly (vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride) and other
materials having a large measurement imprecision (see Test Method D1525 and 5.3 and Section 14).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1525 Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E2206 Test Method for Force Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this standard test method are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142. including Celsius,
complex modulus, modulus, strain, stress, storage modulus, thermal analysis, and thermomechanical analysis.
3.1.2 penetration softening temperature, [°C],n—the temperature at which a test specimen has a modulus of either 6.65 or 33.3
MPa as measured in penetration.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The modulus of a material may be determined by the indentation (penetration) of a circular, flat tipped probe. The
relationship between modulus of a material (stress divided by strain) and penetration depth is given by:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental,
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011April 1, 2016. Published May 2011April 2016. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
E2347 – 05.E2347 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/E2347-11.10.1520/E2347-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2347 − 16
E 5 3 F/ 4 D d (1)
~ !
where:
E = modulus, MPa,
F = force, N,
D = diameter of a circular, flat tipped probe, mm, and
d = penetration depth, mm.
2
NOTE 2—Note the identity Pa = N / m .
4.2 Some materials soften upon heating. For such materials, the modulus may be determined by penetration as the sample is
heated. This test method identifies the temperature at which the mo
...