ASTM D1929-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.
This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.
1.2 CautionDuring the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that may be hazardous to personnel. Adequate precautions should be taken to protect the operator.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.2 and 1.3.
Note 1—This test method and ISO 871-1996 are identical in all technical details.
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Designation:D1929–11
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1929; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
4
1. Scope 2.2 International Standards:
2 ISO 871-1996 Plastics—Determination of Ignition Tem-
1.1 This fire test response test method covers a laboratory
perature Using a Hot-Air Furnace
determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontane-
ISO 5725 Precision of Test Methods—Determination of
ous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.
Repeatability and Reproducibility for StandardTest Meth-
1.2 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or
ods by Interlaboratory Tests
vapors, or both, are evolved that may be hazardous to person-
IEC 584-2 Thermocouples—Part 2: Tolerances
nel. Adequate precautions should be taken to protect the
operator.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to fire, seeTerminology
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
E176.
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk
3.2.1 flash ignition temperature (FIT)—the minimum tem-
assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual
perature at which, under specified test conditions, sufficient
fire conditions.
flammable gases are emitted to ignite momentarily upon
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
application of a small external pilot flame.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 glowing combustion—combustion of a material in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
combustion zone, caused by slow decomposition and carbon-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
ization at various points in the specimen, without general
tionary statements are given in 1.2 and 1.3.
ignition occurring.
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 871-1996 are identical in all
3.2.3 spontaneous ignition temperature or self-ignition tem-
technical details.
perature (SIT)—the minimum temperature at which the self-
heating properties of the specimen lead to ignition or ignition
2. Referenced Documents
occurs of itself, under specified test conditions, in the absence
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of any additional flame ignition source.
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of
considerable value in comparing the relative ignition charac-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
teristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Proper-
ties.30.03). lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally
material under the conditions of this test. Test values are
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1929 – 10.
expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility
DOI:10.1520/D1929-11.
under actual use conditions.
In 1996, this test method was totally revised to be technically equal to
ISO 871-1996, and a specific air velocity is specified, which eliminates the need for
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire
approximations.
hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards
2
The following reference may be of interest in connection with this test method:
include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread,
Stetchkin, N. P., “A Method and Apparatus for Determining the Ignition Charac-
intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion,
teristics of Plastics,” Journal of Research, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Vol 43, No. 6, December 1949 (RP 2052), p. 591.
and others.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1929–10 Designation:D1929–11
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1929; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope *
2
1.1 This fire test response test method covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous
ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.
1.2 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that may be hazardous to personnel.
Adequate precautions should be taken to protect the operator.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.2 and 1.3.
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 871-1996 are identical in all technical details.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
4
2.2 International Standards:
ISO 871-1996 Plastics—Determination of Ignition Temperature Using a Hot-Air Furnace
ISO 5725 Precision of Test Methods—Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility for Standard Test Methods by
Interlaboratory Tests
IEC 584-2 Thermocouples—Part 2: Tolerances
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions: For3.1 For definitions of terms relating to fire, see Terminology E176.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 flash ignition temperature (FIT)—theminimumtemperatureatwhich,underspecifiedtestconditions,sufficientflammable
gases are emitted to ignite momentarily upon application of a small external pilot flame.
3.2.2 glowing combustion—combustion of a material in the solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the
combustion zone, caused by slow decomposition and carbonization at various points in the specimen, without general ignition
occurring.
3.2.3 spontaneous ignition temperature or self-ignition temperature (SIT)—the minimum temperature at which the self-heating
properties of the specimen lead to ignition or ignition occurs of itself, under specified test conditions, in the absence of any
additional flame ignition source.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.30.03).
´1
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1929–96(2001) , which was
withdrawn January 2010 and reinstated in December 2010. DOI:10.1520/D1929-10.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1929 – 10.
DOI:10.1520/D1929-11.
In 1996, this test method was totally revised to be technically equal to ISO 871-1996, and a specific air velocity is specified, which eliminates the need for approximations.
2
The following reference may be of interest in connection with this test method: Stetchkin, N. P., “AMethod andApparatus for Determining the Ignition Characteristics
of Plastics,” Journal of Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Vol 43, No. 6, December 1949 (RP 2052), p. 591.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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