ASTM C443-12(2017)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible watertight joints for concrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration is a factor in the design. The numerical values in this specification are not presented in inch-pound units, but rather, in metric or SI units only. All rubber gaskets shall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical requirements of both standard gasket and oil resistant gasket requirements. Assembled joints should pass the following performance test without leakage at the joints: pipes in straight alignment, and pipes in maximum deflected position.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible watertight joints for concrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration is a factor in the design. The specification covers the design of joints and the requirements for rubber gaskets to be used therewith, for pipe conforming in all other respects to Specification C14, Specification C76, or Specification C507 and precast manhole section conforming in all other respects to Specification C478, provided that if there is conflict in permissible variations in dimensions the requirements of this specification for joints shall govern.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C443 has been developed—C443M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
Note 1: This specification covers the design and performance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are normally adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft) without leakage, when tested in accordance with Section 9. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors other than the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:C443 −12 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Specification for
Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber
Gaskets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope C14 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm
Drain, and Culvert Pipe
1.1 This specification covers flexible watertight joints for
C76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm
concrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubber
Drain, and Sewer Pipe
gasketsforsealingthejoints,whereinfiltrationorexfiltrationis
C478 Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced Concrete
a factor in the design. The specification covers the design of
Manhole Sections
joints and the requirements for rubber gaskets to be used
C507 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Elliptical
therewith, for pipe conforming in all other respects to Speci-
Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
fication C14, Specification C76, or Specification C507 and
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
precast manhole section conforming in all other respects to
Products
Specification C478, provided that if there is conflict in permis-
C1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-
sible variations in dimensions the requirements of this speci-
crete Structures
fication for joints shall govern.
3. Terminology
1.2 Acomplete metric companion to Specification C443 has
been developed—C443M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
presented in this specification.
pipe, see Terminology C822.
NOTE 1—This specification covers the design and performance of the
4. Basis of Acceptance
rubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are normally
4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gaskets shall be
adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft) without leakage,
when tested in accordance with Section 9. Infiltration or exfiltration
determinedbytheresultsofthephysicaltestsprescribedinthis
quantities for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors other
specification, if and when required, and by inspection to
than the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by other
determine whether the pipe joints and gaskets conform to this
specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.
specification as to design and freedom from defects.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 All rubber gaskets shall comply with Specification
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
C1619 in terms of materials and manufacture. The gaskets
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
shall be extruded or molded to the specified size within a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tolerance of 66 % on any dimension, measured at any cross
section.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Physical Requirements for Gaskets
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 Standard Gasket Requirements —All rubber gaskets
shall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical require-
ments of Specification C1619, Class C.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints for
6.2 Oil Resistant Gasket Requirements—All rubber gaskets
Precast Concrete Structures.
shall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical require-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C443 – 12. DOI:
ments of Specification C1619, Class D.
10.1520/C0443-12R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 7. Design of Joints
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1 The manufacturer shall furnish the owner with the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. detailed design of the joint or joints including design and
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C443−12 (2017)
durometer hardness of the rubber gasket proposed to be 8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
furnished under this specification.
8.1 The planes formed by the ends of nonbeveled pipe shall
7.1.1 The joint design shall consist of a bell or groove on
not vary from the perpendicular to the pipe axis by more than
oneendofaunitofpipe,andaspigotortongueontheadjacent
⁄16 in. for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 30 in. and
end of the joining pipe.
smaller; or by more than ⁄4 in. for internal diameters or
7.1.2 All surfaces of the joint upon or against which the
equivalent diameters 33 to 54 in. inclusive; or not more than ⁄8
gasket is capable of bearing shall be smooth, free of spalls,
in. for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 60 in. and
cracks or fractures, and imperfections that would adversely
larger.
affect the performance of the joint.
8.2 The manufacturer’s tolerances for the width of the
7.1.3 The joints of the pipe shall be of such design that they
annular space between the gasket bearing surfaces shall not
will withstand the forces caused by the compression of the
vary by more than 610 % of the uncompressed thickness of
gasket when joined, without cracking or fracturing when tested
the applied gasket.
in accordance with Section 9.
7.1.4 The angle of taper on the conic surfaces of the inside
9. Performance Requirements for Joints
of the bell or groove and the outer surface of the spigot or
tongue where the gasket seats shall be not more than 3.5°
9.1 Whenrequiredbytheowner,assembledjointsshallpass
measured from the pipe axis, except that tapers up to 5° are not
the following performance tests without leakage at the joints,
prohibited if proven adequate by plant tests as specified in
and the manufacturer shall have the option of allowing the
Section 9 and approved by the owner. The conic surface on the
assembled joints to stand under a pressure of 13 psi or less, for
spigot or tongue shall be modified to properly contain and seat
a maximum of 24 h prior to the test:
the gasket.
9.1.1 Pipes in Straight Alignment—Hydrostatic pressure
7.1.5 The annular space between the gasket-bearing sur-
tests on joints shall be made on an assembly of two sections of
faces of the assembled and centered joint shall be not more
pipe, properly connected in accordance with the joint design.
t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C443 − 12 C443 − 12 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Specification for
Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber
Gaskets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers flexible watertight joints for concrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubber gaskets for
sealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration is a factor in the design. The specification covers the design of joints and the
requirements for rubber gaskets to be used therewith, for pipe conforming in all other respects to Specification C14, Specification
C76, or Specification C507 and precast manhole section conforming in all other respects to Specification C478, provided that if
there is conflict in permissible variations in dimensions the requirements of this specification for joints shall govern.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C443 has been developed—C443M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
presented in this specification.
NOTE 1—This specification covers the design and performance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are normally
adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft) without leakage, when tested in accordance with Section 9. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities
for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors other than the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and
suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C14 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe
C76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
C478 Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections
C507 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete Structures
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.
4. Basis of Acceptance
4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gaskets shall be determined by the results of the physical tests prescribed in this
specification, if and when required, and by inspection to determine whether the pipe joints and gaskets conform to this specification
as to design and freedom from defects.
5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets
5.1 All rubber gaskets shall comply with Specification C1619 in terms of materials and manufacture. The gaskets shall be
extruded or molded to the specified size within a tolerance of 66 % on any dimension, measured at any cross section.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints for Precast
Concrete Structures.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012Sept. 1, 2017. Published October 2012September 2017. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20112012
as C443 – 11.C443 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/C0443-12.10.1520/C0443-12R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C443 − 12 (2017)
6. Physical Requirements for Gaskets
6.1 Standard Gasket Requirements —All rubber gaskets shall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical requirements of
Specification C1619, Class C.
6.2 Oil Resistant Gasket Requirements—All rubber gaskets shall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical requirements of
Specification C1619, Class D.
7. Design of Joints
7.1 The manufacturer shall furnish the owner with the detailed design of the joint or joints including design and durometer
hardness of the rubber gasket proposed to be furnished under this specification.
7.1.1 The joint design shall consist of a bell or groove on one end of a unit of pipe, and a spigot or tongue on the adjacent end
of the joining pipe.
7.1.2 All surfaces of the joint upon or against which the gasket is capable of bearing shall be smooth, free of spalls, cracks or
fractures, and imperfections that would adversely affect the performance of the joint.
7.1.3 The joints of the pipe shall be of such design that they will withstand the forces caused by the compression of the gasket
when joined, without cracking or fracturing when tested in accordance with Section 9.
7.1.4 The angle of taper on the conic surfaces of the inside of the bell or groove and the outer surface of the spigot or tongue
where the gasket seats shall be not more than 3.5° measured from the pipe axis, except that tapers up to 5° are not prohibited if
proven adequate by plant tests as specified in Section 9 and approved by the owner. The conic surface on the spigot or tongue shall
be modified to properly contain and seat the gasket.
7.1.5 The annular space between the gasket-bearing surfaces of the assembled and centered joint shall be not more than 75 %
of the uncompressed thickness of the applied gasket including the manufacturer’s tolerances of the joint and gasket. The joint
design shall provide for the deflection of a pipe unit by opening one side of the outside perimeter of the joint ⁄2 in. wider than
the assembled position without reducing its watertightness. Where greater deflections are required than provided by the joint
design, beveled joints or elbows must be provided.
7.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to make the joint flexible and watertight. The gasket shall be a
continuous ring of circular or non-circular cross-section which fits snugly into the annular space between the overlapping surfaces
of the assembled pipe joint to form a flexible watertight seal.
7.1.7 The gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 % of its original circumference when seated on the spigot or tongue end
of the pipe.
7.1.8 Where the particular joint design utilizing a rubber gaske
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