ASTM C12-16a

Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe. The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of two general types: (I) dead loads and (2) live loads. For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the pipe, increases. Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel loading, construction equipment or by compactive effort. Classes of bedding and encasements for pipe in trenches are defined as Class D wherein the pipe shall be placed on a firm and unyielding trench bottom with bell holes provided, Class C wherein the pipe shall be bedded in clean coarse-grained gravels and sands, Class B wherein the pipe shall be bedded in suitable material and Class A. Trenches shall be excavated to a width that will provide adequate working space, but not more than the maximum design width. Trench walls shall not be undercut. Bell holes shall be excavated to prevent point loading of the bells or couplings of laid pipe, and to establish full-length support of the pipe barrel. Final backfill need not be compacted to develop field supporting strength of the pipe. Final backfill may require compaction to prevent settlement of the ground surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines by open trench construction methods in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2016
• ICS: 23.040.01 - Pipeline components and pipelines in general
• Technical Committee: C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C04.20 - Methods of Test and Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C12-16 - Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C301-18(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1091-03a(2022) - Standard Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C425-22 - Standard Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C828-23 - Standard Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C12 −16a
Standard Practice for
1
Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC12;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D2488Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing
D4832Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Con-
vitrifiedclaypipelinesbyopentrenchconstructionmethodsin
trolled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders
order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.
D5821Test Method for Determining the Percentage of
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D6103Test Method for Flow Consistency of Controlled
3
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Low Strength Material (CLSM) (Withdrawn 2013)
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 General—Terminology C896 can be used for clarifica-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion of terminology in this specification.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 See Fig. 1.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Supporting Strength
C301Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe is
C403/C403MTest Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
materially affected by the methods of installation. The field
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
supporting strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity to
C425SpecificationforCompressionJointsforVitrifiedClay
support dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It is
Pipe and Fittings
dependent upon two factors: (1) the inherent strength of the
C700Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
pipe and (2) the bedding of the pipe.
Standard Strength, and Perforated
4.2 The minimum bearing strength requirement in accor-
C828Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
dance with Specification C700, as determined by the 3-edge-
Clay Pipe Lines
bearingtestofTestMethodsC301,isameasureoftheinherent
C896Terminology Relating to Clay Products
strength of the pipe.
C923Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Rein-
forced Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes, and Laterals
4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determine
C1091Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of
relative pipe strengths but do not represent actual field condi-
Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
tions. Therefore, an adjustment called a load factor is intro-
D2487Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
duced to convert minimum bearing strength to field supporting
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
strength.The magnitude of the load factor depends on how the
pipe is bedded. The relationship is:
Fieldsupportingstrength 5minimumbearingstrength 3loadfactor
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified
Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of
4.4 Afactor of safety >1.0 and ≤1.5 shall be applied to the
Test and Specifications.
fieldsupportingstrengthtocalculateasafesupportingstrength.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally
The relationship is:
approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C12–16. DOI:
10.1520/C0012-16A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C12−16a
FIG. 1 Terminology
Fieldsupportingstrength Compaction of embedment and backfill materials, beside and
Safesupportingstrength 5
Factorofsafety
above the sewer pipe, produces a temporary live load on the
pipe. The magnitude of the live load from compactive effort
5. External Loads
varies with soil type, degree of saturation, degree of compac-
5.1 The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of
tion and depth of cover
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C12 − 16 C12 − 16a
Standard Practice for
1
Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C12; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines by open trench construction methods in order
to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
C700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
C828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
C923 Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes, and Laterals
C1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
D4832 Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders
D5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
3
D6103 Test Method for Flow Consistency of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) (Withdrawn 2013)
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Terminology C896 can be used for clarification of terminology in this specification.
3.2 See Fig. 1.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4. Supporting Strength
4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe is materially affected by the methods of installation. The field supporting
strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity to support dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It is dependent upon two
factors: (1) the inherent strength of the pipe and (2) the bedding of the pipe.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of Test and
Specifications.
Current edition approved May 15, 2016Nov. 1, 2016. Published May 2016December 2016. Originally approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 as
C12 – 14.C12 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/C0012-16.10.1520/C0012-16A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C12 − 16a
FIG. 1 Terminology
4.2 The minimum bearing strength requirement in accordance with Specification C700, as determined by the 3-edge-bearing test
of Test Methods C301, is a measure of the inherent strength of the pipe.
4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determine relative pipe strengths but do not represent actual field conditions.
Therefore, an adjustment called a load factor is introduced to convert minimum bearing strength to field supporting strength. The
magnitude of the load factor depends on how the pipe is bedded. The relationship is:
Field supporting strength 5minimum bearing strength 3load factor
4.4 A factor of safety >1.0 and ≤1.5 shall be applied to the field supporting strength to calculate a safe supporting strength. The
rel
...