ASTM C1194-19

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Architectural Cast Stone

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is to be used in determining the compressive strength of cast stone. Compressive strength is one measure of resistance of cast stone to weathering and structural stress.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of architectural cast stone.
Note 1: The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: C27 - Precast Concrete Products
• Drafting Committee: C27.20 - Architectural and Structural Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1194-18 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Architectural Cast Stone
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM C109/C109M-23 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 50 mm [2 in.] Cube Specimens)
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM C617/C617M-23 - Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM C42/C42M-18 - Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2018
• Refers: ASTM C42/C42M-16 - Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2016
• Refers: ASTM C1093-15a - Standard Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2015
• Refers: ASTM C1093-15ae1 - Standard Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2015
• Refers: ASTM C1093-15 - Standard Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Refers: ASTM C1093-13ae1 - Standard Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2013
• Refers: ASTM C1093-13a - Standard Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2013
• Refers: ASTM C1093-13 - Standard Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Refers: ASTM C109/C109M-12 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2012
• Refers: ASTM C617/C617M-12 - Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM C1093-12 - Standard Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Refers: ASTM C42/C42M-12 - Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012

Overview

ASTM C1194-19: Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Architectural Cast Stone defines the procedures for sampling, preparing specimens, and determining the compressive strength of architectural cast stone. Developed by ASTM International, this standard plays a critical role in evaluating the mechanical properties of cast stone used in construction. The compressive strength test is an important measure of a cast stone's ability to withstand weathering and structural stress, ensuring reliability and durability in architectural applications.

Key Topics

• Sampling and Preparation: Describes the selection and preparation of cast stone samples, including guidelines for choosing representative specimens and cutting test cubes.
• Test Method: Outlines the procedures for testing, detailing the use of approved testing machines, specimen conditioning, and specimen capping for accurate measurements.
• Measurement and Calculation: Provides methods to calculate compressive strength by loading specimens to failure and using the maximum load and bearing area to derive results.
• Reporting Requirements: Specifies detailed reporting guidance on average compressive strength, sample identification, mixture proportions, and test conditions.
• Safety Considerations: Highlights that users must establish suitable safety, health, and environmental practices, as the standard does not cover all potential risks.

Applications

The ASTM C1194-19 standard is widely applied within the construction and architectural industries to:

• Quality Assurance in Building Materials: Ensures that architectural cast stone components meet specified compressive strength requirements for structural reliability.
• Assessment of Weathering Resistance: Evaluates the durability of cast stone under environmental stress, contributing to the longevity of building facades, decorative elements, and structural features.
• Specification Compliance: Supports manufacturers, architects, and engineers in certifying that products comply with industry standards and project specifications.
• Accredited Laboratory Testing: Facilitates standardized procedures for testing agencies and laboratories, promoting consistency and reliability in compressive strength data.
• Regulatory Adherence: Assists in meeting local and international construction codes, especially where independent validation of material performance is required.

Related Standards

For comprehensive testing and quality control, ASTM C1194-19 references and aligns with several other key ASTM standards:

• ASTM C42/C42M: Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete.
• ASTM C109/C109M: Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars.
• ASTM C617/C617M: Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens to ensure even load distribution during compression tests.
• ASTM C1093: Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry, ensuring laboratory competence.

Practical Value

By offering a clear, repeatable method for determining the compressive strength of architectural cast stone, ASTM C1194-19 enables industry professionals to:

• Confirm material suitability for intended structural and architectural uses
• Enhance confidence in cast stone performance for both new construction and restoration projects
• Meet quality assurance requirements and reduce construction risk through standardized testing

For more information and the official standard document, consult ASTM International.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1194 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Architectural Cast Stone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of 3.1 Definitions:
specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of 3.1.1 cast stone, n—an architectural precast concrete build-
architectural cast stone. ing unit intended to simulate natural cut stone.
NOTE 1—The testing laboratory performing this test method should be
evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 This test method is to be used in determining the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
compressive strength of cast stone. Compressive strength is
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
one measure of resistance of cast stone to weathering and
and are not considered standard.
structural stress.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Testing Machine—The testing machine shall conform to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the requirements prescribed in Test Method C109/C109M
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
unless otherwise indicated therein.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6. Sampling
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6.1 Select the sample to represent the cast stone under
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
consideration. The sample may be selected by the purchaser or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3 3
his authorized representative from each 500 ft (14 m ) of cast
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
stone. Select a sample of adequate size to permit the prepara-
tion of three compression test specimens.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7. Test Specimens
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
7.1 For compression tests, take three specimens from each
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
sample. Cut specimens from the finished surface of the sample
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
to consist of one surface intended to be exposed to view and
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
five saw-cut surfaces, except for faced cast stone, cut speci-
Specimens)
mens through the faced surface to consist of approximately
C617/C617M Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete
equal parts of the facing material and the backup material.
Specimens
7.2 Cut test specimens from the sample with saws. The test
C1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for
specimens shall be 2-in. (50.8-mm) or 50-mm cubes. The
Masonry
allowablesizetoleranceofthecubesshallbe 6 ⁄8in.(3.2mm).
7.3 Measure the top and bottom of the bearing surfaces of
1 the test specimens to 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) and average the two
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C27 on Precast
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.20 on bearing areas to obtain the compression area.
Architectural and Structural Products.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
8. Conditioning
published in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C1194 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/C1194-19.
8.1 Oven dry specimens at a temperature of 230 6 9°F
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(110 6 5°C) until the loss in mass is not more than 0.1 % in 24
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
h of drying. Remove from the oven and allow to cool in room
Standards vol
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1194 − 1819
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Architectural Cast Stone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of
architectural cast stone.
NOTE 1—The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C617/C617M Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 cast stone, n—an architectural precast concrete building unit intended to simulate natural cut stone.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is to be used in determining the compressive strength of cast stone. Compressive strength is one measure
of resistance of cast stone to weathering and structural stress.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Testing Machine—The testing machine shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Test Method C109/C109M unless
otherwise indicated therein.
6. Sampling
6.1 Select the sample to represent the cast stone under consideration. The sample may be selected by the purchaser or his
3 3
authorized representative from each 500 ft (14 m ) of cast stone. Select a sample of adequate size to permit the preparation of
three compression test specimens.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.20 on Architectural
and Structural Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2019. Published May 2018December 2019. Originally published in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20112018 as
C1194 – 03C1194 – 18.(2011). DOI: 10.1520/C1194-18.10.1520/C1194-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1194 − 19
7. Test Specimens
7.1 For compression tests, take three specimens from each sample. Cut specimens from the finished surface of the sample to
consist of one surface intended to be exposed to view and five saw-cut surfaces, except for faced cast stone, cut specimens through
the faced surface to consist of approximately equal parts of the facing material and the backup material.
7.2 Cut test specimens from the sample with saws. The test specimens shall be 2-in. (50.8-mm) or 50-mm cubes. The allowable
size tolerance of the cubes shall be 6 ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm).
7.3 Measure the top and bottom of the bearing surfaces of t
...