ASTM G106-89(2015)

Standard Practice for Verification of Algorithm and Equipment for Electrochemical Impedance Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The availability of a standard procedure, standard material, and standard plots should allow the investigator to check his laboratory technique. This practice should lead to electrochemical impedance curves in the literature which can be compared easily and with confidence.  
5.2 Samples of a standard ferritic type 430 stainless steel (UNS 430000) used to obtain the reference plots are available for those who wish to check their equipment. Suitable resistors and capacitors can be obtained from electronics supply houses.  
5.3 This test method may not be appropriate for electrochemical impedance measurements of all materials or in all environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers an experimental procedure which can be used to check one's instrumentation and technique for collecting and presenting electrochemical impedance data. If followed, this practice provides a standard material, electrolyte, and procedure for collecting electrochemical impedance data at the open circuit or corrosion potential that should reproduce data determined by others at different times and in different laboratories. This practice may not be appropriate for collecting impedance information for all materials or in all environments.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2015
• ICS: 71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
• Technical Committee: G01 - Corrosion of Metals
• Drafting Committee: G01.11 - Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G106 − 89 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Verification of Algorithm and Equipment for Electrochemical
1
Impedance Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G59 Test Method for Conducting Potentiodynamic Polariza-
tion Resistance Measurements
1.1 This practice covers an experimental procedure which
can be used to check one’s instrumentation and technique for
3. Terminology
collecting and presenting electrochemical impedance data. If
followed, this practice provides a standard material,
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of corrosion related terms,
electrolyte, and procedure for collecting electrochemical im-
see Terminology G15.
pedance data at the open circuit or corrosion potential that
3.2 Symbols:
should reproduce data determined by others at different times
and in different laboratories. This practice may not be appro-
−2
priate for collecting impedance information for all materials or
C = capacitance (farad-cm )
in all environments.
Eʹ = real component of voltage (volts)
E" = imaginary component of voltage (volts)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E = complex voltage (volts)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
−1
f = frequency (s )
standard.
−2
Iʹ = real component of current (amp-cm )
−2
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
I" = imaginary component of current (amp-cm )
−2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the I = complex current (amp-cm )
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- j =
=
21
2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- L = inductance (henry − cm )
2
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. R = solution resistance (ohm-cm )
s
2
R = polarization resistance (ohm-cm )
p
2
2. Referenced Documents
R = charge transfer resistance (ohm-cm )
t
2
2
Zʹ = real component of impedance (ohm-cm )
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
Z" = imaginary component of impedance (ohm-cm )
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
2
Z = complex impedance (ohm-cm )
G3 Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical
α = phenomenological coefficients caused by depression
Measurements in Corrosion Testing
of the Nyquist plot below the real axis, α is the
G5 Reference Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic
exponent and τ is the time constant(s).
Anodic Polarization Measurements
θ = phase angle (deg)
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Test-
−1
ω = frequency (radians-s )
3
ing (Withdrawn 2010)
3.3 Subscripts:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.11 on Electrochemi-
x = in-phase component
cal Measurements in Corrosion Testing.
y = out-of-phase component
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as G106–89(2010). DOI:
10.1520/G0106-89R15.
4. Summary of Practice
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 Reference impedance plots in both Nyquist and Bode
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
format are included. These reference plots are derived from the
the ASTM website.
3 results from nine different laboratories that used a standard
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. dummy cell and followed the standard procedure using a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G106 − 89 (2015)
FIG. 1 Circuit Diagram for Dummy Cell Showing Positions for Hook-Up to Potentiostat
4
specific ferritic type alloy UNS-S43000 in 0.005 M H SO 6.2 Test Cell—The test cell should be constructed to allow
2 4
and 0.495 M Na SO . The plots for the reference material are
the following items to be inserted into the solution chamber:
2 4
presented as an envelope that surrounds all of the data with and the test electrode, two counter electrodes or a symmetrically
without inclusion of the uncompensated resistance. Plots for
arranged counter electrode around the working electrode, a
one data set from one laboratory are presented as well. Since
Luggin-Haber capillary with salt bridge connection to the
the results from the dummy cell are independent of laboratory,
reference electrode, an inlet
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G106 − 89 (Reapproved 2010) G106 − 89 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Verification of Algorithm and Equipment for Electrochemical
1
Impedance Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers an experimental procedure which can be used to check one’s instrumentation and technique for
collecting and presenting electrochemical impedance data. If followed, this practice provides a standard material, electrolyte, and
procedure for collecting electrochemical impedance data at the open circuit or corrosion potential that should reproduce data
determined by others at different times and in different laboratories. This practice may not be appropriate for collecting impedance
information for all materials or in all environments.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
G3 Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing
G5 Reference Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements
3
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing (Withdrawn 2010)
G59 Test Method for Conducting Potentiodynamic Polarization Resistance Measurements
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of corrosion related terms, see Terminology G15.
3.2 Symbols:
−2
C = capacitance (farad-cm )
Eʹ = real component of voltage (volts)
E" = imaginary component of voltage (volts)
E = complex voltage (volts)
−1
f = frequency (s )
−2
Iʹ = real component of current (amp-cm )
−2
I" = imaginary component of current (amp-cm )
−2
I = complex current (amp-cm )
j =
=21
2
L = inductance (henry − cm )
2
R = solution resistance (ohm-cm )
s
2
R = polarization resistance (ohm-cm )
p
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.11 on Electrochemical
Measurements in Corrosion Testing.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2015. Published May 2010December 2015. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
G106–89(2004).G106–89(2010). DOI: 10.1520/G0106-89R10.10.1520/G0106-89R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G106 − 89 (2015)
FIG. 1 Circuit Diagram for Dummy Cell Showing Positions for Hook-Up to Potentiostat
2
R = charge transfer resistance (ohm-cm )
t
2
Zʹ = real component of impedance (ohm-cm )
2
Z" = imaginary component of impedance (ohm-cm )
2
Z = complex impedance (ohm-cm )
α = phenomenological coefficients caused by depression of the Nyquist plot below the real axis, α is the exponent and τ is the
time constant(s).
θ = phase angle (deg)
−1
ω = frequency (radians-s )
3.3 Subscripts:
x = in-phase component
y = out-of-phase component
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Reference impedance plots in both Nyquist and Bode format are included. These reference plots are derived from the results
from nine different laboratories that used a standard dummy cell and followed the standard procedure using a specific ferritic type
4
alloy UNS-S43000 in 0.005 M H SO and 0.495 M Na SO . The plots for the reference material are presented as an envelope
2 4 2 4
that surrounds all of the data with and without inclusion of the uncompensated resistance. Plots for one data set from one laboratory
are presented as well. Since the results from the dummy cell are independent o
...