ASTM D1210-05(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
Standard Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In making pigmented products, the pigment is usually dispersed in a portion of the vehicle in some sort of mill. At this stage, it is necessary to be able to judge if the pigment agglomerates have been sufficiently broken up so as not to interfere with the smoothness of the finished coating film. This test method describes a way of making this judgment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the degree of dispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness of grind”) of the pigment in a pigment-vehicle system such as liquid coatings and their intermediates. It may also be used to assess the inclusion of particulates by a cleanliness (or texture) rating.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1210 − 05 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by
Hegman-Type Gage
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope where the particles form a definite pattern. When the single
path gage is used it is also possible to rate “cleanliness” (see
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the degree of
6.2).
dispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness of grind”) of the
pigment in a pigment-vehicle system such as liquid coatings
3.2 Stepped Gage—The product is spread by means of a
and their intermediates. It may also be used to assess the scraper on a stepped gage. There are 2 delimited sections on
2 2
inclusion of particulates by a cleanliness (or texture) rating.
this gage, each of 6.5 cm (1 in. ) area, and of two different
depths. A count is made of the particles deposited in the two
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
delimited areas, and cleanliness (texture) reading is deter-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
mined.
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 In making pigmented products, the pigment is usually
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dispersedinaportionofthevehicleinsomesortofmill.Atthis
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
stage, it is necessary to be able to judge if the pigment
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
agglomerates have been sufficiently broken up so as not to
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
interfere with the smoothness of the finished coating film. This
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
test method describes a way of making this judgment.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Apparatus
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Tapered Gage—A hardened steel, stainless steel, or
chrome-plated steel block (Fig. 1) approximately 170 mm (6.7
2. Referenced Documents
in.) in length, and 15 mm (0.6 in.) in thickness.The top surface
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the block shall be ground smooth and planar and shall
D1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks
contain one or two paths 127 mm (5 in.) in calibrated length.
By the NPIRI Grindometer
The path shall be tapered uniformly in depth lengthwise from
about 4 mils (100 µm) at 10 mm from one end to zero depth at
3. Summary of Test Method
the other with intermediate calibrations in accordance with the
3.1 Tapered Gage—The product is spread by means of a
depth at those points. Preferred calibrations are Hegman units
scraper in a machined tapered path.At some point in this path,
and micrometers (Note 1). Three path widths are covered by
particlesoragglomerates,orboth,willbecomevisible.Adirect
this test method:
reading from the graduated scale is then made at the point
5.1.1 Two Parallel Paths, each 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) wide and
spaced 0.5-in. apart centered in a block 65-mm (2.5-in.) wide
1 (see Fig. 1).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
5.1.2 One Path, 50 mm (2 in.) in width centered in a block
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials.
90-mm (3.5-in.) wide (see Fig. 1).
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved
5.1.3 One Path, 25 mm (1 in.) in width centered in a block
in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1210 – 05 (2014). DOI:
10.1520/D1210-05R22. 65-mm (2.5-in.) wide (see Fig. 1a).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE1—Severalarbitraryscalesandmodificationsofthegageareused
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on by industry. In order that readings obtained with these arbitrary scales and
the ASTM website. modifications can be reported in the preferred units, the approximate
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1210 − 05 (2022)
FIG. 1 Fineness Gages
relationship of these scales to gage depth is shown in the following
25-mm (1-in.) wide shall be cut the length of, and centered in
example:
a block 65-mm (2.5-in.) wide. The path will be cut to two
Hegman Depth, Depth, PC or FSPT NPIRI
different depths, each for half of its length.The two depths will
A B B C D
Scale µm mils Scale Scale
be 3 mils, and 1 mil, or as agreed upon between the buyer and
0 100 4 0 40
1 90 3.5 1 ⁄4 35
the seller. There shall be two tick marks, above and below the
275 3 2 ⁄2 30
“step,” and spaced 25 mm (1 in.) from it.
3 65 2.5 3 ⁄4 25
450 2 5 20
5.3 Scraper—Adouble-edgedhardenedsteel,stainlesssteel,
5 40 1.5 6 ⁄4 15
625 1 7 ⁄2 10 or chrome-plated steel blade (Fig. 2) 95-mm (3.75-in.) long,
7 15 0.5 8 ⁄4 5
40-mm (1.5-in.) wide, and 6.4-mm (0.25-in.) thick. The two
80 0 10 0
edges on the 3.75-in. sides shall be rounded to a radius of 0.38
A
mm (0.015 in.).
Sometimes referred to in error as the North Standard scale.
B
Rounded to nearest 5 µm or 0.5 mil.
C
Federation of Societies for Paint Technology scale. 5.4 Illumination—The gage shall be illuminated for viewing
D
National Printing Ink Research Institute scale, 0 to 10 on the NPIRI Production
with a fluorescent tube, mounted approximately 250 mm (10
Grindometer, but extended on many gages to 20 or 30 (see Test Method D1316).
in.) above the gage with the length of the tube parallel to the
5.2 Stepped Gage—A hardened steel, stainless steel, or
length of the gage. The tube will be mounted so that the angle
chrome-plated steel block (Fig. 1a), approximately 170 mm
between the plane of the gage, and the tube is 75 to 80°. A
(6.7 in.) in length, and 15 mm (0.6 in.) in thickness. A path
D1210 − 05 (2022)
1-in. single path gage Texture Gage
FIG. 1 a Fineness Gages (continued)
all times when not in use. Protect gages that lie idle for
extended periods of time from rust with an oil coating or oil
soaked wrap.
6.2 Do not allow any hard materials to come in contact with
the gage surface or scraper in any manner that might result in
scarring or nicking. Avoid tapping or scratching with other
metal.
6.3 The scraper may be rendered unsatisfactory for use by
wear or nicks of the contact edge or warpage (Note 2). Replace
or recondition unsatisfactory blades.
NOTE 2—Wear or warpage of the scraper may be noted by facing the
edge of the scraper down on the smooth level face of the gage, then
inspecting the contact edge by means of a strong light, placed behind the
gage. Rocking the scraper forward or back will reveal poor contact due to
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
wear or warpage. Any light coming through between scraper and gage
FIG. 2 Scraper
face shows that the scraper has been damaged and is not satisfactory for
use.
7. Visual Standards
viewing box is not mandatory for illumination, but if one is
desired, a proposed design for a viewing box is contained in
7.1 The diagrams in Fig. 3 are reproductions of six typical
Appendix X1.
fineness-gage patterns with the double-path gage in 5.1.1, and
they should be viewed with the purpose of standardizing the
6. Care of Gage
relationshipofparticledistributiontofinenessdesignation.The
6.1 Clean the gage immediately after each use. Use a arrow in each drawing represents the end point (reading) for
solvent and a soft cloth. Keep the gage covered or encased at that distribution. These patterns are to be used for notation of
D1210 − 05 (2022)
FIG. 3 a Typical Fineness Gage Patterns
frequency of particles and should not be interpreted according 8.2 Hand stir the specimen (Note 3) vigorously for 2 min,
to the size of the dots. Although called “standards,” they are taking care that air bubbles are not whipped into the paint. To
really examples of fineness readings to be used as a guide, be sure of an accurate grind reading, specimens must be free of
since no two particle distributions will be exactly the same. air bubbles.
7.2 Similarly, Fig. 4 exhibits typical fineness gage patterns
NOTE3—Forthistestmethodtofunctionproperly,thepigmentparticles
in the specimens to be tested should be free to settle to the bottom of the
for the 50-mm (2-in.) gage in 5.1.2, or the 25-mm (1-in.) gage
gagechannelafterthedrawdown.Therefore,beforetesting,high-viscosity
in 5.1.3. These diagrams are to be used like those for the
intermediate specimens that have little ability to flow should be reduced
double-path gage except that a “cleanli
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