ASTM D4814-00a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
SCOPE
1.1 This specification guides in establishing requirements of automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines.
1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the period May 1 through September 15, the maximum vapor pressure limits issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of antiknock index with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in . This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance of each of the properties of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.
1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates such as alcohols and ethers. This specification does not apply to fuels that contain an oxygenate as the primary component, such as Fuel Methanol (M85). The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification. However, depending on oxygenate type, as oxygenate content increases above some threshold level, the likelihood for vehicle problems also increases. The composition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical consideration, but their properties, including volatility, are defined by this specification. In addition, the composition of unleaded fuel is subject to the rules, regulations, and Clean Air Act waivers of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorous contents, deposit control additive certification, and use of oxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact EPA for the latest versions of the rules and additional requirements.
1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics are described in the research report on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. However, in addition to the legal requirements found in this research report, reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements found in this specification.
1.5 This specification represents a description of automotive fuel as of the date of publication. The specification is under continuous review, which can result in revisions based on changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a combination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore, should refer to the latest edition.
Note 1--If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification D4814, contact ASTM Headquarters.
1.6 Tests applicable to gasoline are not necessarily applicable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type of fuel under consideration must first be identified in order to select applicable tests. Test Method D4815 provides a procedure for determining oxygenate concentration in mass percent. Test Method D4815 also includes procedures for calculating mass oxygen content and oxygenate concentration in volume percent. provides a procedure for calculating the mass oxygen content of a fuel using measured oxygenate type, oxygenate concentration in volume percent, and measured density or relative density of the fuel.
1.7 The following applies...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4814 – 00a An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4814; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope contents, deposit control additive certification, and use of
oxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact EPA for
1.1 This specification guides in establishing requirements of
the latest versions of the rules and additional requirements.
automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-
1.4 This specification does not address the emission char-
ignition engines.
acteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Refor-
1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of
mulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to
automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating
lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its character-
conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water
istics are described in the research report on reformulated
tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal
2
spark-ignition engine fuel. However, in addition to the legal
climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the
requirements found in this research report, reformulated spark-
period May 1 through September 15, the maximum vapor
ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements
pressure limits issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection
found in this specification.
Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except
1.5 This specification represents a description of automotive
Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of antiknock index with seasonal
fuel as of the date of publication. The specification is under
climatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1.
continuous review, which can result in revisions based on
This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels
changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a
that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily
combination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore,
excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain
should refer to the latest edition.
operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance
of each of the properties of this specification is shown in
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification
Appendix X1. D 4814, contact ASTM Headquarters.
1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specifi-
1.6 Tests applicable to gasoline are not necessarily appli-
cation are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates such as
cable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type of
alcohols and ethers. This specification does not apply to fuels
fuel under consideration must first be identified in order to
that contain an oxygenate as the primary component, such as
select applicable tests. Test Method D 4815 provides a proce-
Fuel Methanol (M85). The concentrations and types of oxy-
dure for determining oxygenate concentration in mass percent.
genates are not specifically limited in this specification. How-
Test Method D 4815 also includes procedures for calculating
ever, depending on oxygenate type, as oxygenate content
mass oxygen content and oxygenate concentration in volume
increases above some threshold level, the likelihood for vehicle
percent. Appendix X4 provides a procedure for calculating the
problems also increases. The composition of both unleaded and
mass oxygen content of a fuel using measured oxygenate type,
leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical
oxygenate concentration in volume percent, and measured
consideration, but their properties, including volatility, are
density or relative density of the fuel.
defined by this specification. In addition, the composition of
1.7 The following applies to all specified limits in this
unleaded fuel is subject to the rules, regulations, and Clean Air
standard: For purposes of determining conformance with these
Act waivers of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
specifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall be
(EPA). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this
rounded “to the nearest unit” in the right-most significant digit
specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules,
used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with
regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussions
the rounding method of Practice E 29. The
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