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ASTM D3495-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather

Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative extraction of all types of leather with hexane. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2000
ICS
59.140.30 - Leather and furs
Technical Committee
D31 - Leather
Drafting Committee
D31.06 - Chemical Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D7674-14a(2021) - Standard Test Method for Hexane/Petroleum Ether Extract in Wet Blue and Wet White
Effective Date
10-Sep-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6020-00(2020) - Standard Practice for Calculation of (Non-Mineral) Combined Tanning Agents and Degree of Tannage
Effective Date
10-Sep-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6016-17(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen, Water Extractable in Leather
Effective Date
10-Sep-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6716-08(2020) - Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Wet Blue or Wet White
Effective Date
10-Sep-2000
Referred By
ASTM D2876-00(2020) - Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Matter of Vegetable-Tanned Leather
Effective Date
10-Sep-2000
Referred By
ASTM D2807-17a - Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2000

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ASTM D3495-00 - Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of LeatherASTM D3495-00 - Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather
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ASTM D3495-00 - Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3495–00
Standard Test Method for
Hexane Extraction of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Reagent
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative extraction of all 5.1 Hexane,ACS Reagent Grade conforming to the follow-
types of leather with hexane. This test method does not apply ing requirements:
to wet blue. 5.1.1 Color (APHA)—10 max.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1.2 Density (g/mL) at 25°C—0.687 max.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1.3 Boiling Range—1 to 95 mL, not more than 4.0°C.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.1.4 Residue After Evaporation—0.001 % max.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.1.5 Acidity (as CH COOH)—To pass test (limit 0.002 %).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1.6 Sulfur Compounds (as S)—0.005 % max.
5.1.7 Thiophene—To pass test.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—This reagent grade hexane is generally a mixture of several
2.1 ASTM Standards:
isomers of hexane (C H ), predominantly n-hexane and methylcyclopen-
6 14
D 2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and
tane (C H ).
6 12
Chemical Tests
6. Test Specimens
D 3790 Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of
Leather by Oven Drying
6.1 The leather shall be sampled in accordance with Method
D 2813. Leather test specimens shall be obtained from the
3. Significance and Use
composite sample prepared by random sampling, cutting, and
3.1 This test method measures the amount of hexane-
mixing equal portions of leather representing the lot that is
soluble lubricant present in all types of leather. Adequate
being analyzed. The well-mixed leather pieces shall be ground
lubrication prevents abrasion of leather fibers during flexing.
in a mill (Wiley or equal) having a No. 5 (4-mm) sieve. The
This lubrication is generally obtained from the fat liquor added
ground leather that passes through this 4-mm sieve shall be
at the tannery. Some lubrication is also obtained from natural
mixed well and used as the composite sample.
grease produced during the life of the animal.
7. Procedure
4. Apparatus
7.1 Determinethemoisturecontentofthecompositesample
4.1 Analytical Balance.
from which the ground leather for hexane extraction is taken in
4.2 Soxhlet Apparatus, consisting of a boiling flask, extrac-
accordance withTest Method D 3790. Determine the weight of
tion tube, and condenser.
the ground leather taken from the composite sample for
4.3 ForcedCirculatingAirOven,capableofmaintainingthe
moisture content at the same time and under the same ambient
specified temperature.
conditions as the weight of the ground leather taken for hexane
4.4 Electric Hot Plate.
extraction.
4.5 Extraction Thimbles, fat-free, cellulose, Alundum, or
7.2 Weigh5gofgroundleathertakenfromthecompositeto
fritted.
the nearest 0.001 g and record this value as W . Loosely pack
4.6 Absorbent Cotton, fat-free.
this material in an appropriately sized extraction thimble and
4.7 Steam Bath.
cover with a pad of fat-free cotton. Place the loaded thimble in
the Soxhlet extraction tube. Dry an extraction flask in an oven
for1hat100 6 2°C, cool in a desiccator, and weigh to the
nearest 0.001 g. Record this value as W . Fill the flask
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.06 on Chemical Analysis—
approximately two-thirds full with hexane, assemble the appa-
General.
ratus, circulate the water through the condenser, and heat the
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published October 2000. Originally
e1
flask until the extraction of the leather has continued for a
published as D 3495 – 76. Last previous edition D 3495 – 83 (1994) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04. minimum of 50 cycles. If the Soxhlet drips continuously
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3495
instead of cycling, extract the leather for a minimum of 5 h specimens from each of 15 different types of leather. All
using maximum heat. At the end of the extraction period, laboratories tested the following leathers: chamois, yellow
remove the flask containing the extraction solvent and drive off
lace, crust sheepskin, crust goatski
...

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