ASTM C1255-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Analysis of Uranium and Thorium in Soils by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Uranium and Thorium in Soils by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed and the instrument calibrated using ground soils from the site of a nuclear materials plant. This test method can be used to measure the extent of contamination from uranium and thorium in ground soils. Since the detection limit of this technique (nominally 20 μg per gram) approaches typical background levels for these contaminants, the method can be used as a quick characterization of an on-site area to indicate points of contamination. Then after cleanup, EDXRF may be used to verify the elimination of contamination or other analysis methods (such as colorimetry, fluoremetry, phosphorescence, etc.) can be used if it is necessary to test for cleanup down to a required background level. This test method can also be used for the segregation of soil lots by established contamination levels during on-site construction and excavation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrochemical analysis of trace levels of uranium and thorium in soils. Any sample matrix that differs from the general ground soil composition used for calibration (that is, fertilizer or a sample of mostly rock) would have to be calibrated separately to determine the effect of the different matrix composition.
1.2 The analysis is performed after an initial drying and grinding of the sample, and the results are reported on a dry basis. The sample preparation technique used incorporates into the sample any rocks and organic material present in the soil. This test method of sample preparation differs from other techniques that involve tumbling and sieving the sample.
1.3 Linear calibration is performed over a concentration range from 20 to 1000 μg per gram for uranium and thorium.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1255 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Uranium and Thorium in Soils by Energy
1
Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1255; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the energy dispersive X-ray 2.1 ASTM Standards:
fluorescence(EDXRF)spectrochemicalanalysisoftracelevels C859Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
ofuraniumandthoriuminsoils.Anysamplematrixthatdiffers C998Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
from the general ground soil composition used for calibration D420Guide for Site Characterization for Engineering De-
(thatis,fertilizerorasampleofmostlyrock)wouldhavetobe sign and Construction Purposes
calibrated separately to determine the effect of the different D1452/D1452MPractice for Soil Exploration and Sampling
matrix composition. by Auger Borings
D1586TestMethodforStandardPenetrationTest(SPT)and
1.2 The analysis is performed after an initial drying and
Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
grinding of the sample, and the results are reported on a dry
D1587/D1587MPractice forThin-WalledTube Sampling of
basis.Thesamplepreparationtechniqueusedincorporatesinto
Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
the sample any rocks and organic material present in the soil.
D2113Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
This test method of sample preparation differs from other
Rock for Site Exploration
techniques that involve tumbling and sieving the sample.
D3550/D3550MPractice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split
1.3 Linear calibration is performed over a concentration
Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
range from 20 to 1000 µg per gram for uranium and thorium.
D4697Guide for Maintaining Test Methods in the User’s
3
Laboratory (Withdrawn 2009)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa- E135Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
tion only. Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E305Practice for Establishing and Controlling Atomic
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Emission Spectrochemical Analytical Curves
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E876Practice for Use of Statistics in the Evaluation of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3
Spectrometric Data (Withdrawn 2003)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E882Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Chemical Analysis Laboratory
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2.2 Other Document:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ANSI/HPS N43.2-2001Radiation Safety for X-ray Diffrac-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4
tion and X-ray Fluorescence Equipment
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC26onNuclear Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of the ASTM website.
3
Test. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2018.PublishedJuly2018.Originallyapproved www.astm.org.
4
in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1255–11. DOI: 10.1520/ Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
C1255-18. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1255 − 18
3. Terminology µg per gram) approaches typical background levels for these
contaminants, the method can be used as a quick characteriza-
3.1 Definitions:
tionofanon-siteareatoindicatepointsofcontamination.Then
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to the nuclear fuel
aftercleanup,EDXRFmaybeusedtoverifytheeliminationof
cycle, refer to Termin
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1255 − 11 C1255 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Uranium and Thorium in Soils by Energy
1
Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1255; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrochemical analysis of trace levels of
uranium and thorium in soils. Any sample matrix that differs from the general ground soil composition used for calibration (that
is, fertilizer or a sample of mostly rock) would have to be calibrated separately to determine the effect of the different matrix
composition.
1.2 The analysis is performed after an initial drying and grinding of the sample, and the results are reported on a dry basis. The
sample preparation technique used incorporates into the sample any rocks and organic material present in the soil. This test method
of sample preparation differs from other techniques that involve tumbling and sieving the sample.
1.3 Linear calibration is performed over a concentration range from 20 to 1000 μg per gram for uranium and thorium.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
D420 Guide for Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes
D1452D1452/D1452M Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D1586 Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1587D1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Exploration
D3550D3550/D3550M Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
3
D4697 Guide for Maintaining Test Methods in the User’s Laboratory (Withdrawn 2009)
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E305 Practice for Establishing and Controlling Atomic Emission Spectrochemical Analytical Curves
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3
E876 Practice for Use of Statistics in the Evaluation of Spectrometric Data (Withdrawn 2003)
E882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory
2.2 Other Document:
4
ANSI/HPS N43.2-2001 Radiation Safety for X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Fluorescence Equipment
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011June 1, 2018. Published June 2011July 2018. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
C1255 – 93 (2005).C1255 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/C1255-11.10.1520/C1255-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1255 − 18
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definition
...
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