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ASTM D97-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The pour point of a petroleum specimen is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended for use on any petroleum product. A procedure suitable for black specimens, cylinder stock, and nondistillate fuel oil is described in 8.8. A procedure for testing the fluidity of a residual fuel oil at a specified temperature is described in Appendix X1. The cloud point procedure formerly part of this test method now appears as Test Method D 2500.
1.2 Currently there is no ASTM test method for automated Test Method D 97 pour point measurements.
1.3 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative procedures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus are available. None of them share the same designation number as Test Method D 97. When an automatic instrument is used, the ASTM test method designation number specific to the technique shall be reported with the results. A procedure for testing the pour point of crude oils is described in Test Method D 5853.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2006
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D97-05a - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D97-07 - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6923-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D2225-20 - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8180-23 - Standard Specification for Rerefined Mineral Insulating Liquid Used in Electrical Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7156-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5967-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8046-21 - Standard Guide for Pumpability of Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5950-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7346-15(2021) - Standard Test Method for No Flow Point and Pour Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM F3337-19 - Standard Guide for Taking Property and Behavior Measurements on Weathered Fractions of Oil
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4293-22 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester-Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4682-18 - Standard Specification for Miscibility with Gasoline and Fluidity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM D97-06 - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsASTM D97-06 - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
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ASTM D97-06 - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D97–06
Designation: 15/95
Standard Test Method for
1
Pour Point of Petroleum Products
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD97;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D1659 Test Method for Maximum FluidityTemperature of
1.1 This test method covers and is intended for use on any
4
2
Residual Fuel Oil
petroleum product. Aprocedure suitable for black specimens,
D2500 TestMethodforCloudPointofPetroleumProducts
cylinder stock, and nondistillate fuel oil is described in 8.8.A
D3245 TestMethodforPumpabilityofIndustrialFuelOils
procedure for testing the fluidity of a residual fuel oil at a
D5853 Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils
specified temperature is described inAppendix X1. The cloud
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
point procedure formerly part of this test method now appears
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
as Test Method D2500.
Lubricants
1.2 Currently there is no ASTM test method for automated
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-GlassThermometers
Test Method D97 pour point measurements.
2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
1.3 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative proce-
5
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
dures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus
areavailable.Noneofthemsharethesamedesignationnumber
3. Terminology
as Test Method D97. When an automatic instrument is used,
3.1 Definitions:
the ASTM test method designation number specific to the
3.1.1 black oil, n—lubricant containing asphaltic materials.
technique shall be reported with the results. A procedure for
Blackoilsareusedinheavy-dutyequipmentapplications,such
testing the pour point of crude oils is described inTest Method
as mining and quarrying, where extra adhesiveness is desired.
D5853.
3.1.2 cylinder stock, n—lubricant for independently lubri-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cated engine cylinders, such as those of steam engines and air
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
compressors. Cylinder stock are also used for lubrication of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
valves and other elements in the cylinder area.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 pour point, n—in petroleum products, the lowest
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperature at which movement of the test specimen is
2. Referenced Documents observed under prescribed conditions of test.
3 3.1.4 residual fuel, n—a liquid fuel containing bottoms
2.1 ASTM Standards:
remaining from crude distillation or thermal cracking; some-
D117 Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifica-
times referred to as heavy fuel oil.
tions for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Residual fuels comprise Grades 4, 5,
and 6 fuel oils, as defined in Specification D396.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
4. Summary of Test Method
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07.0D on Wax-Related Viscometric Properties of Fuels and Oils.
4.1 After preliminary heating, the sample is cooled at a
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
specified rate and examined at intervals of 3°C for flow
approved in 1927, replacing D47. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as
D97–05a. characteristics. The lowest temperature at which movement of
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
the specimen is observed is recorded as the pour point.
Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP Standard in 1965.
2
Statements defining this test and its significance when applied to electrical
insulating oils of mineral origin will be found in GuideD117.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Withdrawn.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on MethodsforAnalysisandTesting,IPStandardsforPetroleumanditsProducts,
the ASTM website. Part I, Vol 2.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D97–06
NOTE—Dimensions are in millimetres (not to scale).
FIG. 1 Apparatus f
...

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SCOPE
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Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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SCOPE
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1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
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5.1 The solvent extractables in a wax may have significant effects on several of its properties such as strength, hardness, flexibility, scuff resistance, coefficient of friction, coefficient of expansion, melting point, and staining characteristics. Whether these effects are desirable or undesirable depends on the intended use of the wax.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of solvent extractables in petroleum waxes.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.  
Note 1: For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color − 16, see Test Method D1500.  
1.2 This test method reports results specific to this test method and recorded as, “Saybolt Color units.”  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.  
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ASTM D7152-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

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5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
5.4 Although this practice was developed using kinematic viscosity and volume fraction of each component, the dynamic viscosity or mass fraction, or both, may be used instead with minimal error if the densities of the components do not differ greatly. For fuel blends, it was found that viscosity blending using mass fractions gave more accurate results. For base stock blends, there was no significant difference between mass fraction and volume fraction calculations.  
5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
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ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    35 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off