ASTM D3338-08

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for use as a guide in cases where experimental determination of heat of combustion is not available and cannot be made conveniently and where an estimate is considered satisfactory. It is not intended as a substitute for experimental measurements of heat of combustion. Table 1 shows a summary for the range of each variable used in developing the correlation. The mean value and an estimate of its distribution about the mean, namely the standard deviation, is shown. This indicates, for example, that the mean density for all fuels used in developing the correlation was 779.3 kg/m3  and that two thirds of the samples had a density between 721.4 and 837.1 kg/m3, that is, plus or minus one standard deviation. The correlation is most accurate when the values of the variables used are within one standard deviation of the mean, but is useful up to two standard deviations of the mean. The use of this correlation may be applicable to other hydrocarbon distillates and pure hydrocarbons; however, only limited data on non-aviation fuels over the entire range of the variables were included in the correlation.
Note 3—The procedures for the experimental determination of the gross and net heats of combustion are described in Test Methods D 240 and D 4809.
The calorimetric methods cited in Note 3 measure gross heat of combustion. However, net heat is used in aircraft calculations because all combustion products are in the gaseous state. This calculation method is based on net heat, but a correction is required for condensed sulfur compounds.
TABLE 1 Mean and Standard Deviation of the Variables  VariableMeanStandard
Deviation Aromatics, volume %13.523.9 Density, kg/m3 (°API)779.3 (50.0)58.0 (13.5) Volatility, °C (°F)171.11 (340)57.2 (103) Heat of combustion, MJ/kg (Btu/lb)43.421 (18 668)0.862 (371)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the net heat of combustion (megajoules per kilogram or Btu per pound) of aviation gasolines and aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels.
1.2 This test method is purely empirical and is applicable to liquid hydrocarbon fuels that conform to the specifications for aviation gasolines or aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels of grades Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8.  
Note 1—The experimental data on heat of combustion from which the Test Method D 3338 correlation was devised was obtained by a precision method similar to Test Method D 4809.
Note 2—The estimation of the net heat of combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to a well-defined class for which a relation between heat of combustion and aromatic and sulfur contents, density, and distillation range of the fuel has been derived from accurate experimental measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this case, the possibility that the estimates may be in error by large amounts for individual fuels should be recognized. The fuels used to establish the correlation presented in this method are defined as follows: Fuels: Aviation gasoline—Grades 100/130 and 115/145 (1, 2)  Kerosines, alkylates, and special WADC fuels (3)  Pure hydrocarbons—paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics (4)  Fuels for which data were reported by the Coordinating Research Council (5).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Although the test method permits the calculation of net heat of combustion in either SI or inch-pound units, SI units are the preferred units.
1.3.2 The net heat of combustion can also be estimated in inch-pound units by Test Method D 1405 or in SI units by Test Method D 4529. Test Method D 1405 requires calculation of one of four equations dependent on the fuel type with a precision equivalent to that of this test method. Test Method D 4529 requires calculation of a single equation for all aviation fuels with a precisi...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2008
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.05 - Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D3338–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3338; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Unlike Test Method D 1405 and D 4529, Test Method D 3338
does not require the use of aniline point.
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the net heat of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
combustion (megajoules per kilogram or Btu per pound) of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
aviation gasolines and aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This test method is purely empirical and is applicable to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
liquid hydrocarbon fuels that conform to the specifications for
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
aviation gasolines or aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels of
grades Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8.
2. Referenced Documents
3
NOTE 1—The experimental data on heat of combustion from which the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Test Method D 3338 correlation was devised was obtained by a precision
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
method similar to Test Method D 4809.
Atmospheric Pressure
NOTE 2—The estimation of the net heat of combustion of a hydrocar-
D 240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
bon fuel is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to a well-defined class
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
for which a relation between heat of combustion and aromatic and sulfur
contents, density, and distillation range of the fuel has been derived from D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
accurate experimental measurements on representative samples of that
(Lamp Method)
class. Even in this case, the possibility that the estimates may be in error
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
bylargeamountsforindividualfuelsshouldberecognized.Thefuelsused
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
toestablishthecorrelationpresentedinthismethodaredefinedasfollows:
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
Fuels:
2
D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
Aviation gasoline—Grades 100/130 and 115/145 (1, 2)
Kerosines, alkylates, and special WADC fuels (3) Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
Pure hydrocarbons—paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics (4)
D 1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-
Fuels for which data were reported by the Coordinating Research
bustion of Aviation Fuels
Council (5).
D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
(High-Temperature Method)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
standard.
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
1.3.1 Although the test method permits the calculation of
D 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of
netheatofcombustionineitherSIorinch-poundunits,SIunits
Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
are the preferred units.
D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
1.3.2 The net heat of combustion can also be estimated in
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
inch-pound units by Test Method D 1405 or in SI units by Test
lometry
Method D 4529. Test Method D 1405 requires calculation of
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
one of four equations dependent on the fuel type with a
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
precision equivalent to that of this test method. Test Method
D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
D 4529requirescalculationofasingleequationforallaviation
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
fuels with a precision equivalent to that of this test method.
trometry
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
3
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 3338–05. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in p
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D3338–05 Designation:D3338–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3338; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoverstheestimationofthenetheatofcombustion(megajoulesperkilogramorBtuperpound)ofaviation
gasolines and aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels.
1.2 This test method is purely empirical and is applicable to liquid hydrocarbon fuels that conform to the specifications for
aviation gasolines or aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels of grades Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8.
NOTE 1—The experimental data on heat of combustion from which the Test Method D 3338 correlation was devised was obtained by a precision
method similar to Test Method D 4809.
NOTE 2—The estimation of the net heat of combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to a well-defined class for which
a relation between heat of combustion and aromatic and sulfur contents, density, and distillation range of the fuel has been derived from accurate
experimental measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this case, the possibility that the estimates may be in error by large amounts
for individual fuels should be recognized. The fuels used to establish the correlation presented in this method are defined as follows:
Fuels: Aviation
Fuels:
Aviation gasoline—Grades 100/130 and 115/145 (1, 2)
2
Kerosines,
2
Aviation gasoline—Grades 100/130 and 115/145 (1, 2)
Kerosines, alkylates, and special WADC fuels (3) Pure
Kerosines, alkylates, and special WADC fuels (3)
Pure hydrocarbons—paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics (4) Fu-
els
Pure hydrocarbons—paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics (4)
Fuels for which data were reported by the Coordinating Research
Council (5).
1.3 Although the test method permits the calculation of net heat of combustion in either SI or inch-pound units, SI units are the
preferred units.
1.4 The net heat of combustion can also be estimated in inch-pound units by Test Method D 1405
Fuels for which data were reported by the Coordinating Research
Council (5).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Although the test method permits the calculation of net heat of combustion in either SI or inch-pound units, SI units are
the preferred units.
1.3.2 Thenetheatofcombustioncanalsobeestimatedininch-poundunitsbyTestMethodD 1405orinSIunitsbyTestMethod
D 4529. Test Method D 1405 requires calculation of one of four equations dependent on the fuel type with a precision equivalent
to that of this test method. Test Method D 4529 requires calculation of a single equation for all aviation fuels with a precision
equivalent to that of this test method. Unlike Test Method D 1405 and D 4529, Test Method D 3338 does not require the use of
aniline point.
1.5
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.05 on
Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved Nov.May 1, 2005.2008. Published November 2005.June 2008. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20042005 as
D 3338–045.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refersrefer to thea list of references at the end of this test method.standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3338–08
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D 240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon F
...