ASTM D1436-97(2015)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Application of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates for Testing Purposes
Standard Test Methods for Application of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates for Testing Purposes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 All five of the test methods described will produce polish films from emulsion floor polishes which can be used for various performance tests. The choice of test method is left up to the individual laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for application of emulsion floor polish films to suitable substrates for testing purposes. Five test methods are covered, as outlined in Section 3.
1.2 These procedures are limited to use on flat, rigid substrates mounted, if necessary, on a nonabsorbent backing.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1436 − 97 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Methods for
Application of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates for
Testing Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope shall be mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller.
The characteristics of the five methods are as follows:
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for application of
3.1.1 Method A. Automatic Dip Coater—This method pro-
emulsion floor polish films to suitable substrates for testing
duces thin films of excellent uniformity on the first coat with
purposes. Five test methods are covered, as outlined in Section
substrates of low or moderate porosity. Two- or three-coat
3.
applications may produce partial solubility of the earlier coats
1.2 These procedures are limited to use on flat, rigid
with consequent loss of uniformity.
substrates mounted, if necessary, on a nonabsorbent backing.
3.1.2 Method B. Hand Applicator—This method simulates
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the use conditions and produces thin films of satisfactory unifor-
mity for many test purposes where the area of the test panel is
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only. small(304.8by304.8mm(12by12in.)orsmaller).Withlarge
panels, considerable local nonuniformity of film thickness may
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
result.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 Method C. Manual Dip Method—This method results
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in wedge-shaped films, of moderate thickness, that are thicker
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
at the bottom than at the top of the panel. This method is rapid
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and results in reproducible films in the center of the test panel
which are useful for comparison tests and for tests involving
2. Significance and Use
the surface properties of the wax film.
2.1 All five of the test methods described will produce
3.1.4 Method D. Blade Applicator—This method merely
polishfilmsfromemulsionfloorpolisheswhichcanbeusedfor
spreads a known volume of emulsion over a known surface
various performance tests. The choice of test method is left up
area. The uniformity of the resulting film depends on the
to the individual laboratory.
flatness of the substrate, the surface tension of the emulsion,
and the interfacial tension between the emulsion and the
3. Choice of Test Method
substrate. The method is satisfactory for producing thick to
3.1 Under actual use conditions, the thickness of the dried
moderately thin films. Some practice and familiarity with the
film deposited from water emulsion floor polishes ranges from
method are necessary to produce uniform thin films.
0.03 mil to 0.4 mil. No one laboratory method has been found
3.1.5 MethodE.PourSurface—This method covers pouring
that will produce uniformly thick films throughout this range
a small amount of polish over a tile held at a 45° angle and
on all substrates. In many cases, the surface roughness and
allowing it to flow uniformly down the tile and coating it.After
porosity of the substrate is of the same order of magnitude as
the polish is poured and the bottom bead forms, it is wiped off
the thickness of the deposited films. Therefore, several alter-
and allowed to dry. The method is satisfactory for producing
native methods have been developed. Unless otherwise
thick films for slip resistance testing.
specified, the choice of method of application and substrate
4. Standard Conditions
4.1 The materials and apparatus shall be permitted to come
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on
to equilibrium in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of
Polishes and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.04 on Performance
Tests. 50 6 4 % and a temperature of 23.8 6 1.1°C (75 6 2°F).
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally
4.2 The application of the emulsion floor polish shall be
approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1436 – 97(2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D1436-97R15. carried out under the conditions specified in 4.1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1436 − 97 (2015)
TEST METHOD A. APPLICATION OF EMULSION 8.4 Dry the coated substrates for 18 to 24 h under standard-
FLOOR POLISH BY THE AUTOMATIC DIP COATER conditions before testing.
9. Calculation
5. Apparatus
5.1 Automatic Dip Coater—The automatic dip coater shall 9.1 Assuming 1 mL of the emulsion as equal to 1 g,
calculate the weight of emulsion applied to the test panel as
consist of a mechanism that will withdraw a panel from a tank
of the emulsion at a predetermined rate. A suitable apparatus follows:
consists of a constant-speed motor to which a pulley is
Weight of emulsion on test panel, g 5 A10.60 2 B (1)
~ !
attached. The diameter of the pulley is such that the cord and
where:
hook assembly attached to it will have a speed of 101.6 mm (4
A = total weight of emulsion applied on applicator and test
in.)/min. The speed of withdrawal is kept uniform and is lower
panel, g, and
than that at which the coating drains.The test substrate must be
B = weight of used wet applicator, g.
withdrawn from the test solution entirely free of vibration.
5.2 Dip Tank, any tank with cover suitable for immersion of
TEST METHOD C. APPLICATION OF EMULSION
the substrate into the em
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1436 − 97 (Reapproved 2008) D1436 − 97 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Methods for
Application of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates for
Testing Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for application of emulsion floor polish films to suitable substrates for testing purposes.
Five test methods are covered, as outlined in Section 3.
1.2 These procedures are limited to use on flat, rigid substrates mounted, if necessary, on a nonabsorbent backing.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 All five of the test methods described will produce polish films from emulsion floor polishes which can be used for various
performance tests. The choice of test method is left up to the individual laboratory.
3. Choice of Test Method
3.1 Under actual use conditions, the thickness of the dried film deposited from water emulsion floor polishes ranges from 0.03
mil to 0.4 mil. No one laboratory method has been found that will produce uniformly thick films throughout this range on all
substrates. In many cases, the surface roughness and porosity of the substrate is of the same order of magnitude as the thickness
of the deposited films. Therefore, several alternative methods have been developed. Unless otherwise specified, the choice of
method of application and substrate shall be mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller. The characteristics of the five
methods are as follows:
3.1.1 Method A. Automatic Dip Coater—This method produces thin films of excellent uniformity on the first coat with substrates
of low or moderate porosity. Two- or three-coat applications may produce partial solubility of the earlier coats with consequent
loss of uniformity.
3.1.2 Method B. Hand Applicator—This method simulates use conditions and produces thin films of satisfactory uniformity for
many test purposes where the area of the test panel is small (304.8 by 304.8 mm (12 by 12 in.) or smaller). With large panels,
considerable local nonuniformity of film thickness may result.
3.1.3 Method C. Manual Dip Method—This method results in wedge-shaped films, of moderate thickness, that are thicker at the
bottom than at the top of the panel. This method is rapid and results in reproducible films in the center of the test panel which are
useful for comparison tests and for tests involving the surface properties of the wax film.
3.1.4 Method D. Blade Applicator—This method merely spreads a known volume of emulsion over a known surface area. The
uniformity of the resulting film depends on the flatness of the substrate, the surface tension of the emulsion, and the interfacial
tension between the emulsion and the substrate. The method is satisfactory for producing thick to moderately thin films. Some
practice and familiarity with the method are necessary to produce uniform thin films.
3.1.5 Method E. Pour Surface—This method covers pouring a small amount of polish over a tile held at a 45° angle and
allowing it to flow uniformly down the tile and coating it. After the polish is poured and the bottom bead forms, it is wiped off
and allowed to dry. The method is satisfactory for producing thick films for slip resistance testing.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.04 on Performance Tests.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2015. Published April 2008November 2015. Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 20022008
as D1436 – 97(2002).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D1436-97R08.10.1520/D1436-97R15.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1436 − 97 (2015)
4. Standard Conditions
4.1 The materials and apparatus shall be permitted to come to equilibrium in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 50
6 4 % and a temperature of 23.8 6 1.1°C (75 6 2°F).
4.2 The application of the emulsion floor polish shall be carried out under the conditions specified in 4.1.
TEST METHOD A. APPLICATION OF EMULSION FLOOR POLISH BY THE AUTOMATIC DIP COATER
5. Apparatus
5.1 Automatic Dip Coater—The automatic dip coater shall consist of a mechanism that will withdraw a panel from a tank of
the emulsion at a predetermined rate. A suitable apparatus consists of a constant-speed motor to which a pulley is attached. The
diameter of the pulley is such that the cord and hook assembly attached to it will have a speed of 101.6 mm (4 in.)/min. The speed
of withdrawal is kept uniform and is lower than that at which the coating drains. The test substrate must be withdrawn from the
test solution entirely free of vibration.
5.2 Dip Tank, any tank with cover suitable for immersion of the substrate into the emulsion. The substrate must not touch the
sides of the tank during withdrawal.
6. Procedure
6.1 Place the test substrate on the hook and lower it sufficiently into the dip tank to coat the panel to the desired area, using the
cord. Place the other end of the cord around the pulley and give it one complete
...
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