ASTM F2306/F2306M-14

Standard Specification for 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm] Annular Corrugated Profile-Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Gravity-Flow Storm Sewer and Subsurface Drainage Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The pipe and blow-molded fittings shall be made of virgin PE plastic compound having a cell classification 435400C or 435400 and its carbon black content shall not exceed 4 %. Compounds used in the manufacture of rotationally molded fittings and couplings shall be virgin PE having a cell classification of 213320C or 213320E and its carbon black content shall not exceed 4%. On the other hand, compounds used in the manufacture of injection molded fittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE plastic compound having a cell classification 414420C or 414420E and its carbon black content shall not exceed 4 %. Different tests and measurements shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of pipes: inside diameter, length, minimum inner-liner thickness, perforations, stiffness, flattening, and impact resistance. The pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practical in color, opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free of cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or other defects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect the wall integrity. The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarely. Holes intentionally placed in perforated pipe are acceptable.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters covered are 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm].  
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for gravity-flow storm sewer and subsurface drainage systems.
Note 1: Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.  
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2014
• ICS: 93.030 - External sewage systems
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.62 - Sewer

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F2306/F2306M-13 - Standard Specification for 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm] Annular Corrugated Profile-Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Gravity-Flow Storm Sewer and Subsurface Drainage Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Replaced By: ASTM F2306/F2306M-14e1 - Standard Specification for 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm] Annular Corrugated Profile-Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Gravity-Flow Storm Sewer and Subsurface Drainage Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Referred By: ASTM F2487-21 - Standard Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of Installed Corrugated High Density Polyethylene and Polypropylene Pipelines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Referred By: ASTM F2649-14(2023) - Standard Specification for Corrugated High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Grease Interceptor Tanks
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Referred By: ASTM F2510/F2510M-22 - Standard Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete Manhole Structures and Corrugated Dual- and Triple-Wall Polyethylene and Polypropylene Pipes
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Referred By: ASTM F2737-11(2021) - Standard Specification for Corrugated High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Water Quality Units
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2306/F2306M −14
StandardSpecification for
12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm] Annular Corrugated Profile-
Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Gravity-Flow
Storm Sewer and Subsurface Drainage Applications
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF2306/F2306M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2122Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods
D2321PracticeforUndergroundInstallationofThermoplas-
for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and
tic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
fittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters
D2412Test Method for Determination of External Loading
covered are 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm].
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to
D2444Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-
provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for
tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a
gravity-flow storm sewer and subsurface drainage systems.
Tup (Falling Weight)
NOTE 1—Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specifica-
D3212Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic
tion shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.
Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an
D3350Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-
interior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).
tings Materials
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
F477Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
ing Plastic Pipe
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
F2136Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
(NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resis-
conformance with the standard.
tance of HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This
AASHTO LRFDBridge Design Specifications
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
LRFD, Section 12Bridge Design Specifications Section 12
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
– Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
AASHTO M 145: Classification of Soils and Aggregate
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Mixtures
tions prior to use.
2.3 Department of Agriculture Standard:
Standard 606Soil Conservation Service Engineering
2. Referenced Documents
2.4 Federal Standard:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
2.5 Military Standard:
tics
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer. Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2306/F2306M-13. http://www.transportation.org.
DOI: 10.1520/F2306_F2306M-14. AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM www.gpo.gov/about/bookstore.htm
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on DLA Document Services Building 4/D 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia, PA
the ASTM website. 19111-5094 http://quicksearch.dla.mil/
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2306/F2306M − 14
FIG. 1 Typical Annular Corrugated Pipe Profile
2.6 NCHRP (National Cooperative Highway Research Pro- 5.1.1 Pipe and Blow-Molded Fittings—Thepipeandfittings
gram) Report: shall be made of virgin PE plastic compound meeting the
NCHRP Report 631 Updated Test and Design Methods for requirements of Specification D3350 cell classification
Thermoplastic Drainage Pipe 435400C or 435400E, except that carbon black content shall
not exceed 4 %. Compounds that have a higher cell classifi-
3. Terminology
cationinoneormorepropertiesshallbepermittedprovidedthe
density of the base resin shall not exceed 0.955 g/cm and all
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
other product requirements are met. For slow crack-growth
nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
resistance, resins shall be evaluated using the notched constant
nologyD1600,unlessotherwisespecified.Theabbreviationfor
ligament stress (NCLS) test according to the procedure de-
polyethylene is PE.
scribed in 7.8. The average failure time of the five test
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
specimens shall exceed 24 h with no single test specimen’s
3.2.1 design diameter, n—the manufacturer’s stated inside
failure time less than 17 h.
diameter.
5.1.2 Rotationally Molded Fittings and Couplings—
3.2.2 mold line, n—a line formed on the product as a result
Compounds used in the manufacture of rotationally molded
of the mold blocks coming together during manufacturing.
fittings and couplings shall be virgin PE meeting the require-
ments of Specification D3350 and cell classification 213320C
3.2.3 profile wall, n—a pipe wall construction that presents
or 213320E, except that the carbon black content shall not
aninteriorlinerinthewaterwaybutincludesribs,corrugations,
exceed 4 %. Compounds that have a higher cell classification
or other shapes, which can be either solid or hollow, that helps
in one or more properties shall be permitted provided the
brace the pipe against diametrical deformation.
density of the base resin shall not exceed 0.940 g/cm and all
4. Ordering Information other product requirements are met.
5.1.3 Injection-Molded Fittings and Couplings—
4.1 Orders for product made to this specification shall
Compounds used in the manufacture of injection molded
include the following information to adequately describe the
fittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE meeting the
desired product:
requirements of Specification D3350 and cell classification
4.1.1 This ASTM designation and year of issue,
414420C or 414420E, except that the carbon black content
4.1.2 Perforations:
shall not exceed 4 %. Compounds that have a higher cell
4.1.2.1 With perforations,
classification in one or more properties shall be permitted
4.1.2.2 Without perforations,
provided all other product requirements are met.
4.1.3 Diameters,
5.2 Rework Material—Clean rework material generated
4.1.4 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,
4.1.5 Pipe laying length, from the manufacturer’s own pipe and fittings production shall
be permitted to be used by the same manufacturer, provided
4.1.6 Fitting type(s):
4.1.6.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline and that the material meets the requirements of 5.1.1 or 5.1.2 as
branch diameters, and applicable for the intended part and pipe or fittings produced
4.1.6.2 Number of fittings per diameter. meet all the requirements of this specification.
6. General Requirements
5. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Workmanship—The pipe and fittings shall be homoge-
5.1 Basic Materials:
neous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practical
in color, opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free of
cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or other
Transportation Research Board,The NationalAcademies 500 Fifth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001. http://www.TRB.org defects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect the
F2306/F2306M − 14
TABLE 2 Perforation Dimensions
wallintegrity.Theendsshallbecutcleanlyandsquarely.Holes
intentionally placed in perforated pipe are acceptable. Type of Perforation
Pipe
6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, obstruction to Circular
Inside
flow in perforations, or in pipe are not permissible. Maximum Minimum
Diameter
Diameter Inlet Area
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerance:
2 2
in. [mm] in. [mm] in. /ft [cm /m]
6.2.1 Nominal Size—The nominal size for the pipe and
12 [300] ⁄8 [10] 1.5 [30]
fittings shall be the inside diameter shown in Table 1. 3
15 [375] ⁄8 [10] 1.5 [30]
18 [450] ⁄8 [10] 1.5 [30]
6.2.2 Inside Diameter—The average inside diameter for
21 [525] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
pipe and fittings shall not vary more than 6 1% from the
24 [600] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
design diameter when measured in accordance with 7.4.1.
27 [675] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
30 [750] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
NOTE 2—The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of products
36 [900] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
manufactured to this specification are not specified; therefore, compatibil-
42 [1050] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
ity between pipe and fittings from different manufacturers or the same
48 [1200] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
54 [1350] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
manufacturer shall be verified.
60 [1500] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
6.2.3 Length—The pipe shall be supplied in any length
agreeabletoboththeownerandthemanufacturer.Lengthshall
not be less than 99% of stated quantity when measured in
accordance with 7.4.2.
6.2.4 Minimum Inner-Liner Thickness—The minimum 6.4 Pipe Flattening—There shall be no evidence of
inner-liner thickness of the pipe shall meet the requirements
splitting,cracking,breaking,separationofseams,separationof
given in Table 1 when measured in accordance with 7.4.3. the outer and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when tested
6.2.5 Perforations—Perforationsshallbecleanlycut,placed
inaccordancewith7.6.Additionally,atorbelowthedeflection
inthevalleyofthecorrugationrib,anduniformlyspacedalong limit defined in Eq 1, the specimen shall be considered as
the length and circumference of the pipe. Dimensions of the
failing this test when the load does not increase continuously
perforationsandtheminimumperforationinletareashallbeas with increasing deflection.
listed in Table 2. Other perforation dimensions and configura- Buckling Deflection Limit:
tions shall be permitted, where required to meet the needs of
6.15%·0.5·D
∆b 5 (1)
the specifier. All measurements shall be made in accordance
D ·0.6·h
f p
with7.4.4.Pipeconnectedbybellandspigotjointsshallnotbe
where:
perforated in the area of the bells and spigots.
∆b = minimum buckling deflection limit (%)
NOTE 3—For perforated pipe applications, the size of the embedment
D = mean diameter (centroid) of pipe (in [mm])
zone and permeability of the embedment material provide the desired
D = shape factor (dimensionless fixed value of 4.27 for
f
level of infiltration or exfiltration. The pipe or embedment zone shall be
wrapped with a geotextile designed to prevent migration of fine soils into parallel plate test)
thepipeorembedmentzone.Whereageotextileisnotused,thegradation
h = corrugation height (in [mm])
p
oftheembedmentmaterialshallbecompatiblewiththeperforationsizeto
NOTE 5—Field deflection limits are typically taken at 5% (see Annex
avoid backfill migration into the pipe.
A1). Eq 1 is based on the results from NCHRPReport 631 and is defined
as being derived from the standard parallel plate test equation. The
6.3 Pipe Stiffness—Minimum pipe stiffness at 5% deflec-
constant value 6.15% (0.0615) in Eq 1 is the factored combined strain
tion shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 when tested
limit for HDPE pipe perAASHTO LRFD Section 12. The constant value
in accordance with 7.5.
0.6 in this equation is an estimated centroidal distance for typical profiles
NOTE 4—The 5% deflection criterion, which was selected for testing
produced per this specification.
convenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. The
6.5 Pipe Impact Strength—There shall be no evidence of
engineer is responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.
splitting,cracking,breaking,separationofseams,separationof
the outer and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when tested
TABLE 1 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe Dimensions
in accordance with 7.7.
Minimum Pipe Minimum
Pipe Inside
6.6 Fittings and Joining Systems:
Stiffness at 5 % Inner Liner
Diameter
Deflection Thickness 6.6.1 Only fittings supplied or recommended by the pipe
manufacturer should be used. Fittings shall be installed in
in. [mm] lb/in./in. [kPa] in. [mm]
12 [300] 50 [345] 0.035 [0.9] accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
15 [375] 42 [290] 0.040 [1.0]
6.6.2 The joining system(s) shall be of a design that
18 [450] 40 [275] 0.051 [1.3]
preserves alignment during construction and prevents separa-
21 [525] 38 [260] 0.060 [1.5]
24 [600] 34 [235] 0.060 [1.5] tionatthejoints.Bellandspigot,externalsnaporsplitcouplers
27 [675] 30 [205] 0.060 [1.5]
are examples of typical designs.
30 [750] 28 [195] 0.060 [1.5]
6.6.3 Fittings shall be supplied with joints compatible with
36 [900] 22 [150] 0.067 [1.7]
42 [1050] 20 [140] 0.071 [1.8] the overall system. All joints for gravity-flow Sewer systems
48 [1200] 18 [125] 0.071 [1.8]
shall meet the requirements of 6.6.3.3. All other joints shall
54 [1350] 16 [10] 0.079 [2.0]
meet the requirements of a soil-tight joint unless otherwise
60 [1500] 14 [95] 0.079 [2.0]
specified by the owner/designer.
F2306/F2306M − 14
6.6.3.1 Soil-tight joints are specified as a function of open- theinnerwall360°aroundthecircumferenceinordertoobtain
ingsize,channellength,andbackfillparticlesize.Ifthesizeof a minimum of eight measurements in accordance with Test
the opening exceeds 3 mm, the length of the channel shall be Method D2122.
at least four times the size of the opening. A backfill material 7.4.4 Perforations—Measure dimensions of perforations on
containing a high percentage of fine-graded soils requires a straight specimen without external forces applied. Linear
investigation for the specific type of joint to be used
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2306/F2306M − 13 F2306/F2306M − 14 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm] Annular Corrugated Profile-
Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Gravity-Flow
Storm Sewer and Subsurface Drainage Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2306/F2306M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings
with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters covered are 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm].
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for gravity-flow
storm sewer and subsurface drainage systems.
NOTE 1—Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
D2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
D2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
D2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling
Weight)
D3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
F2136 Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress (NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resistance of HDPE
Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
LRFD, Section 12 Bridge Design Specifications Section 12 – Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners
AASHTO M 145 : Classification of Soils and Aggregate Mixtures
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2014. Published January 2013December 2014. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20112013
as F2306/F2306M-11.-13. DOI: 10.1520/F2306_F2306M-13.10.1520/F2306_F2306M-14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2306/F2306M − 14
FIG. 1 Typical Annular Corrugated Pipe Profile
2.3 Department of Agriculture Standard:
Standard 606 Soil Conservation Service Engineering
2.4 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2.5 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
2.6 NCHRP (National Cooperative Highway Research Program) Report:
NCHRP Report 631 Updated Test and Design Methods for Thermoplastic Drainage Pipe
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
D1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation for polyethylene is PE.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 design diameter, n—the manufacturer’s stated inside diameter.
3.2.2 mold line, n—a line formed on the product as a result of the mold blocks coming together during manufacturing.
3.2.3 profile wall, n—a pipe wall construction that presents an interior liner in the waterway but includes ribs, corrugations, or
other shapes, which can be either solid or hollow, that helps brace the pipe against diametrical deformation.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for product made to this specification shall include the following information to adequately describe the desired
product:
4.1.1 This ASTM designation and year of issue,
4.1.2 Perforations:
4.1.2.1 With perforations,
4.1.2.2 Without perforations,
4.1.3 Diameters,
4.1.4 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,
4.1.5 Pipe laying length,
4.1.6 Fitting type(s):
4.1.6.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline and branch diameters, and
4.1.6.2 Number of fittings per diameter.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Basic Materials:
5.1.1 Pipe and Blow-Molded Fittings—The pipe and fittings shall be made of virgin PE plastic compound meeting the
requirements of Specification D3350 cell classification 435400C or 435400E, except that carbon black content shall not exceed
4 %. Compounds that have a higher cell classification in one or more properties shall be permitted provided the density of the base
resin shall not exceed 0.955 g/cm and all other product requirements are met. For slow crack-growth resistance, resins shall be
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. http://www.gpo.gov/
about/bookstore.htm
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://www.dodssp.daps.mil.
DLA Document Services Building 4/D 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 http://quicksearch.dla.mil/
Transportation Research Board, The National Academies 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001. http://www.TRB.org
F2306/F2306M − 14
evaluated using the notched constant ligament stress (NCLS) test according to the procedure described in 7.8. The average failure
time of the five test specimens shall exceed 24 h with no single test specimen’s failure time less than 17 h.
5.1.2 Rotationally Molded Fittings and Couplings—Compounds used in the manufacture of rotationally molded fittings and
couplings shall be virgin PE meeting the requirements of Specification D3350 and cell classification 213320C or 213320E, except
that the carbon black content shall not exceed 4 %. Compounds that have a higher cell classification in one or more properties shall
be permitted provided the density of the base resin shall not exceed 0.940 g/cm and all other product requirements are met.
5.1.3 Injection-Molded Fittings and Couplings—Compounds used in the manufacture of injection molded fittings and couplings
shall be made of virgin PE meeting the requirements of Specification D3350 and cell classification 414420C or 414420E, except
that the carbon black content shall not exceed 4 %. Compounds that have a higher cell classification in one or more properties shall
be permitted provided all other product requirements are met.
5.2 Rework Material—Clean rework material generated from the manufacturer’s own pipe and fittings production shall be
permitted to be used by the same manufacturer, provided that the material meets the requirements of 5.1.1 or 5.1.2 as applicable
for the intended part and pipe or fittings produced meet all the requirements of this specification.
6. General Requirements
6.1 Workmanship—The pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practical in color,
opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free of cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or other defects that are visible
to the naked eye and that may affect the wall integrity. The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarely. Holes intentionally placed in
perforated pipe are acceptable.
6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, obstruction to flow in perforations, or in pipe are not permissible.
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerance:
6.2.1 Nominal Size—The nominal size for the pipe and fittings shall be the inside diameter shown in Table 1.
6.2.2 Inside Diameter—The average inside diameter for pipe and fittings shall not vary more than 6 1 % from the design
diameter when measured in accordance with 7.4.1.
NOTE 2—The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of products manufactured to this specification are not specified; therefore, compatibility
between pipe and fittings from different manufacturers or the same manufacturer shall be verified.
6.2.3 Length—The pipe shall be supplied in any length agreeable to both the owner and the manufacturer. Length shall not be
less than 99 % of stated quantity when measured in accordance with 7.4.2.
6.2.4 Minimum Inner-Liner Thickness—The minimum inner-liner thickness of the pipe shall meet the requirements given in
Table 1 when measured in accordance with 7.4.3.
6.2.5 Perforations—Perforations shall be cleanly cut, placed in the valley of the corrugation rib, and uniformly spaced along
the length and circumference of the pipe. Dimensions of the perforations and the minimum perforation inlet area shall be as listed
in Table 2. Other perforation dimensions and configurations shall be permitted, where required to meet the needs of the specifier.
All measurements shall be made in accordance with 7.4.4. Pipe connected by bell and spigot joints shall not be perforated in the
area of the bells and spigots.
NOTE 3—For perforated pipe applications, the size of the embedment zone and permeability of the embedment material provide the desired level of
infiltration or exfiltration. The pipe or embedment zone shall be wrapped with a geotextile designed to prevent migration of fine soils into the pipe or
embedment zone. Where a geotextile is not used, the gradation of the embedment material shall be compatible with the perforation size to avoid backfill
migration into the pipe.
TABLE 1 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe Dimensions
Minimum Pipe Minimum
Pipe Inside
Stiffness at 5 % Inner Liner
Diameter
Deflection Thickness
in. [mm] lb/in./in. [kPa] in. [mm]
12 [300] 50 (345] 0.035 [0.9]
12 [300] 50 [345] 0.035 [0.9]
15 [375] 42 [290] 0.040 [1.0]
18 [450] 40 [275] 0.051 [1.3]
21 [525] 38 [260] 0.060 [1.5]
24 [600] 34 [235] 0.060 [1.5]
27 [675] 30 [205] 0.060 [1.5]
30 [750] 28 [195] 0.060 [1.5]
36 [900] 22 [150] 0.067 [1.7]
42 [1050] 20 [140] 0.071 [1.8]
48 [1200] 18 [125] 0.071 [1.8]
54 [1350] 16 [110] 0.079 [2.0]
54 [1350] 16 [10] 0.079 [2.0]
60 [1500] 14 [95] 0.079 [2.0]
F2306/F2306M − 14
TABLE 2 Perforation Dimensions
Type of Perforation
Pipe
Circular
Inside
Maximum Minimum
Diameter
Diameter Inlet Area
2 2
in. [mm] in. [mm] in. /ft [cm /m]
12 [300] ⁄8 [10] 1.5 [30]
15 [375] ⁄8 [10] 1.5 [30]
18 [450] ⁄8 [10] 1.5 [30]
21 [525] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
24 [600] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
27 [675] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
30 [750] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
36 [900] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
42 [1050] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
48 [1200] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
54 [1350] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
60 [1500] ⁄8 [10] 2.0 [40]
6.3 Pipe Stiffness—Minimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflection shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 when tested in
accordance with 7.5.
NOTE 4—The 5 % deflection criterion, which was selected for testing convenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. The engineer
is responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.
6.4 Pipe Flattening—There shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation of the outer
and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when tested in accordance with 7.6. Additionally, at or below the deflection limit defined
in Eq 1, the specimen shall be considered as failing this test when the load does not increase continuously with increasing
deflection.
Buckling Deflection Limit:
6.15%·0.5·D
Δb 5 (1)
D ·0.6·h
f p
where:
Δb = minimum buckling deflection limit (%)
D = mean diameter (centroid) of pipe (in [mm])
D = shape factor (dimensionless fixed value of 4.27 for parallel plate test)
f
h = corrugation height (in [mm])
p
NOTE 5—Field deflection limits are typically taken at 5% (see Annex A1). Eq 1 is based on the results from NCHRP Report 631 and is defined as being
derived from the standard parallel plate test equation. The constant value 6.15% (0.0615) in Eq 1 is the factored combined strain limit for HDPE pipe
per AASHTO LRFD Section 12. The constant value 0.6 in this equation is an estimated centroidal distance for typical profiles produced per this
specification.
6.5 Pipe Impact Strength—There shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation of the
outer and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when tested in accordance with 7.7.
6.6 Fittings and Joining Systems:
6.6.1 Only fittings supplied or recommended by the pipe manufacturer should be used. Fittings shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
6.6.2 The joining system(s) shall be of a design that preserves alignment during construction and prevents separation at the
joints. Bell and spigot, external snap or split couplers are examples of typical designs.
6.6.3 Fittings shall be supplied with joints compatible with the overall system. All joints for gravity-flo
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