ASTM D7563-23

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Ability of Engine Oil to Emulsify Water and Simulated Ed85 Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During engine operation, engine oil can become contaminated by water and fuel. In the case of Ed85 fuels, this contamination can result in a non-emulsified aqueous bottom layer in the oil that can affect the lubrication and detergency of the engine oil. To avoid field problems, engine oil should be capable of emulsifying water contamination to the extent that no aqueous presence appears.  
5.2 The test described in this method is designed to evaluate the ability of an engine oil, contaminated with a specified amount of water (volume fraction of 10 % of the original oil sample) and simulated Ed85 fuel (also a volume fraction of 10 % of the original oil sample), to emulsify the water after agitation in a blender and to maintain this emulsion at temperatures of 20 °C to 25 °C and –5 °C to 0 °C for at least 24 h.  
5.3 This test method has potential use in specifications of engine lubricating oils, such as Specification D4485.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a qualitative procedure to measure the ability of a specific volume of engine oil to emulsify a specific added volume of combined water and simulated Ed85 fuel upon agitation in a high-speed blender and to retain this emulsified state for at least 24 h at temperatures of both 20 °C to 25 °C and –5 °C to 0 °C.  
1.2 Information Letters are published periodically by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) to update this and other test methods under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D02.B0. Copies of these letters can be obtained by writing the Center.2  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2023
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.B0.07 - Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests Methods

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D4175-23a - Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4175-23e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4806-19a - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5798-19b - Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5798-19a - Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4806-19 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5798-19 - Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM E1272-02(2019) - Standard Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylinders
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4806-18a - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D5798-18a - Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D5798-18 - Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4806-18 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4485-18 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4806-17 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2017
• Refers: ASTM D5798-17 - Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2017

Overview

ASTM D7563-23 is the internationally recognized standard test method for evaluating the ability of engine oil to emulsify water and simulated Ed85 fuel. Issued by ASTM International, this standard is a vital quality control and research tool for formulators, manufacturers, and users of engine lubricants. It outlines a qualitative procedure to determine whether an engine oil sample can disperse and retain water and Ed85 fuel as a stable emulsion under defined conditions, thereby preventing the formation of a separate aqueous layer. Maintaining such emulsifying capability is essential to uphold the performance, lubricity, and detergency of engine oils, especially in situations where water and fuel contamination occur within engines.

Key Topics

• Engine Oil Emulsion Test
  The standard specifies a blending process in which engine oil is mixed with 10% water and 10% simulated Ed85 fuel. The blend is then observed for its ability to retain an emulsion and prevent an aqueous phase from separating from the oil.

• Temperature Stability
  The emulsified samples are stored for 24 hours at two temperature ranges: 20 °C to 25 °C (room temperature) and –5 °C to 0 °C (cold conditions). The test evaluates emulsion stability across common environmental exposures.

• Qualitative Evaluation
  Emulsions are assessed by visual inspection for signs of an aqueous presence (such as a transparent, translucent, or semi-transparent layer at the bottom of the container). The presence or absence of this layer is reported as a key result.

• Significance for Lubricant Performance
  Effective emulsification prevents free water from impacting engine cleanliness, lubrication, and corrosion protection, which are critical for reliable engine operation and oil longevity.

Applications

ASTM D7563-23 is widely applied in the formulation, testing, and quality assurance of internal combustion engine oils. Key applications include:

• Engine Oil Development and Specification
  Used by lubricant formulators to ensure products meet requirements for water and fuel resistance. It is referenced in engine oil specifications such as ASTM D4485.

• Quality Control in Manufacturing
  Ensures batch-to-batch consistency in the emulsifying properties of engine lubricants, which is essential when oils are exposed to water or fuel ingress during storage, transport, or vehicle operation.

• Research and Comparative Analysis
  Facilitates benchmarking of different lubricant additive packages or formulations regarding their capacity to manage water and fuel contamination, especially relevant for regions or fleets using Ed85 or ethanol-blend fuels.

• Field Problem Prevention
  Helps identify oils likely to resist issues related to water separation, which can lead to suboptimal performance, corrosion, and deposit formation in engines.

Related Standards

Several ASTM standards relate closely to D7563-23 and provide supporting definitions, requirements, and procedures:

• ASTM D4485 - Performance specification for active API service category engine oils.
• ASTM D4806 - Specification for denatured fuel ethanol for gasoline blending, relevant to simulated Ed85 fuel preparation.
• ASTM D5798 - Specification for ethanol fuel blends for flexible-fuel automotive spark-ignition engines.
• ASTM D1193 - Specification for reagent water used in analytical testing.
• ASTM D4175 - Terminology relating to petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants.
• ASTM E1272 - Specification for laboratory glass graduated cylinders used in sample preparation and evaluation.
• ASTM D5854 - Practice for mixing and handling of liquid samples of petroleum and petroleum products.

ASTM D7563-23 is a crucial test method for evaluating the emulsification performance of engine oils when exposed to water and ethanol-blended fuels, supporting reliable lubrication and engine longevity in modern operating environments.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7563 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of the Ability of Engine Oil to Emulsify Water and
Simulated Ed85 Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.1 This test method describes a qualitative procedure to
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service
measure the ability of a specific volume of engine oil to
Category Engine Oils
emulsify a specific added volume of combined water and
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-
simulated Ed85 fuel upon agitation in a high-speed blender and
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
to retain this emulsified state for at least 24 h at temperatures of
Engine Fuel
both 20 °C to 25 °C and –5 °C to 0 °C.
D5798 Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-
1.2 Information Letters are published periodically by the
Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) to update this and other
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
test methods under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D02.B0.
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Copies of these letters can be obtained by writing the Center.
E1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylin-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as ders
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 denatured fuel ethanol, n—fuel ethanol made unfit for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
beverage use by the addition of denaturants. D4806
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85), n—blend of ethanol and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
hydrocarbon of which the ethanol portion is nominally 75 to 85
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
volume % denatured fuel ethanol. D5798
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.3 engine oil, n—liquid that reduces friction or wear, or
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical a combustion gas sealant for piston rings.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit
2. Referenced Documents
formation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are
examples. D4175
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aqueous presence, n—translucent or semi-transparent
or transparent appearance, laciness, bubbling, or layer in the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
lower region of the glass container.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
3.2.2 simulated Ed85 fuel, n—laboratory blend made to
Subcommittee D02.B0.07 on Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests
Methods. simulate Ed85 fuel by mixing 85 % denatured fuel ethanol and
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved
15 % unleaded gasoline by volume.
in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7563 – 10 (2016). DOI:
3.2.3 test oil, n—any engine oil subjected to evaluation in
10.1520/D7563-23.
Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center,
this test method.
203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229, www.astmtmc.org.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4. Summary of Test Method
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 Distilled water, simulated Ed85 fuel, and the test oil are
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. emulsified in a high-speed blender. Portions of the resulting
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7563 − 23
emulsion are stored in two graduated cylinders (or suitably that 100 mL of fluid comes below the shoulder to allow
dimensioned alternative containers) at temperatures of 20 °C to accurate measurement of the height of 100 mL of emulsion
25 °C and –5 °C to 0 °C for 24 h. Existence or absence of an (see 9.6 and X1.2.1).
aqueous presence layer at the bottom of either of the containers
NOTE 2—A simple way of marking the sample bottles is to pour 100 mL
after this time interval is observed and reported.
of water from a graduated cylinder into each clean and dry bottle, mark the
level of the water meniscus on the bottle (suggest using a glass scribing
tool or triangular metal file), and dry the bottle before proceeding.
5. Significance and Use
6.4 Temperature Chambers:
5.1 During engine operation, engine oil can become con-
6.4.1 Cold cabinet or refrigerator capable of controlling
taminated by water and fuel. In the case of Ed85 fuels, this
temperature within a range of –5 ºC to 0 °C.
contamination can result in a non-emulsified aqueous bottom
6.4.2 Warm cabinet or oven capable of controlling tempera-
layer in the oil that can affect the lubrication and detergency of
ture within a range of 20 ºC to 25 °C.
the engine oil. To avoid field problems, engine oil should be
capable of emulsifying water contamination to the extent that
6.5 Time-Measuring Equipment:
no aqueous presence appears. 6.5.1 Stopwatch or other timer capable of measuring 1 min
with a minimum precision of 61 s.
5.2 The test described in this method is designed to evaluate
6.5.2 Clock or other timer capable of measuring 24 h with a
the ability of an engine oil, contaminated with a specified
minimum precision of 65 min.
amount of water (volume fraction of 10 % of the original oil
sample) and simulated Ed85 fuel (also a volume fraction of 6.6 Laboratory Hood Vented Exteriorly or Other Well-
10 % of the original oil sample), to emulsify the water after Ventilated Work Space—Suitable for pouring volatile, flam-
agitation in a blender and to maintain this emulsion at mable fluids such as denatured fuel ethanol and gasoline into
temperatures of 20 °C to 25 °C and –5 °C to 0 °C for at least
graduated cylinders and containers. Ensure there is no ignition
24 h. source within the hood or nearby when using an open work
space, particularly at lower levels where hydrocarbon volatiles
5.3 This test method has potential use in specifications of
tend to congregate.
engine lubricating oils, such as Specification D4485.
7. Reagents and Materials
6. Apparatus and Supporting Equipment
7.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
6.1 Blender—Commercial laboratory blender with its asso-
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water that meets
ciated glass or stainless steel liquid container having suitable
or exceeds that defined as Type IV of Specification D1193.
blending capacity for this use and a blade rotating at approxi-
7.2 Denatured Fuel Ethanol—Use product conforming to
mately 10 000 r/min 6 2000 r ⁄min as measured by a strobo-
Specification D4806. Refer to Specification D4806 and Prac-
scopic tachometer.
tice D5854 for information on container selection, storage and
NOTE 1—This speed is generally equivalent to the low-speed setting on
handling. Product stored for more than three months should be
two-speed commercial mixers or the “2” or “3” setting on seven-speed
checked to ensure it has not deteriorated or been contaminated
commercial mixers.
before use. (Warning—Danger! Extremely flammable. Vapors
6.2 Glass, Graduated Cylinders—Unless otherwise stated,
may cause flash fire.)
all graduated cylinders shall conform to Specification E1272,
7.3 Unleaded Gasoline—Use only Haltermann EEE un-
Class B, Style I.
leaded fuel coded HF003. Fuel stored for more than three
6.2.1 For Measuring Volume of Test Oil and Unleaded
months should be checked to ensure it has not deteriorated or
Fuel—Having a capacity of 250 mL with graduation marks of
been contaminated before use. (Warning—Danger! Extremely
2 mL.
flammable. Health Hazard.)
6.2.2 For Measuring Volumes of Simulated Ed85 Fuel and
7.4 Cleaning Solvents—Reagent grade acetone and isooc-
Water—Having a capacity of 25 mL with graduation marks of
tane. (Warning—Danger! Extremely flammable. Vapors may
0.2 mL.
cause flash fire.)
6.2.3 For Preparing the Simulated Ed85 Fuel—Glass-
stoppered and conforming to Specification E1272, Class B,
8. Hazards
Style II and having a capacity of 1 L with graduation marks of
8.1 Specific Hazards—Because of fire danger, carefully pour
10 mL.
denatured fuel ethanol and gasoline into graduated cylinders
6.3 Containers for Observation of Emulsified Samples—Use
and containers in a laboratory hood, preferably from containers
either of the following types:
of capacity no greater than about 2 L. See also 7.2 and 7.3.
6.3.1 Glass-stoppered, graduated cylinders conforming to
Specification E1272, Class B, Style II and having a capacity of
100 mL with graduation marks of 1 mL (see Fig. 1).
The sole source of supply of this fuel known to the committee at this time is
Haltermann Products, 1201 Sheldon Road, P.O Box 429, Channelview, TX
6.3.2 Glass, flat-bottomed, sample bottles with an outer
77530-0429 (www.dow.com/haltermann). If you are aware of alternative suppliers,
diameter of approximately 30 mm, a minimum height of
please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-
150 mm and capable of being closed by a solvent resistant
ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
screw cap (see Fig. 1). The height of the bottles should be such committee, which you may attend.
------------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7563 − 10 (Reapproved 2016) D7563 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of the Ability of Engine Oil to Emulsify Water and
Simulated Ed85 Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method describes a qualitative procedure to measure the ability of a specific volume of engine oil to emulsify a
specific added volume of combined water and simulated Ed85 fuel upon agitation in a high-speed blender and to retain this
emulsified state for at least 24 h at temperatures of both 20 °C to 25 °C and –5 °C to 0 °C.
1.2 Information Letters are published periodically by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) to update this and other test
methods under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D02.B0. Copies of these letters can be obtained by writing the Center.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D5798 Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylinders
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0.07 on Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016June 1, 2023. Published May 2016July 2023. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
D7563 – 10.D7563 – 10 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/D7563-10R16.10.1520/D7563-23.
Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. www.standards.astmtmc.cmu.edu. 203
Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229, www.astmtmc.org.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7563 − 23
3.1.1 denatured fuel ethanol, n—fuel ethanol made unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturants. D4806
3.1.2 fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85), n—blend of ethanol and hydrocarbon of which the ethanol portion is nominally 75 to 85 volume
% denatured fuel ethanol. D5798
3.1.3 engine oil, n—liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heat,
particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as a combustion gas sealant for piston rings.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
It may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oil
oxidation, and foaming are examples. D4175
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aqueous presence, n—translucent or semi-transparent or transparent appearance, laciness, bubbling, or layer in the lower
region of the glass container.
3.2.2 simulated Ed85 fuel, n—laboratory blend made to simulate Ed85 fuel by mixing 85 % denatured fuel ethanol and 15 %
unleaded gasoline by volume.
3.2.3 test oil, n—any engine oil subjected to evaluation in this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Distilled water, simulated Ed85 fuel, and the test oil are emulsified in a high-speed blender. Portions of the resulting emulsion
are stored in two graduated cylinders (or suitably dimensioned alternative containers) at temperatures of 20 °C to 25 °C and –5
°C to 0 °C for 24 h. PresenceExistence or absence of an aqueous presence layer at the bottom of either of the containers after this
time interval is observed and reported.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 During engine operation, engine oil can become contaminated by water and fuel. In the case of Ed85 fuels, this contamination
can result in a non-emulsified aqueous bottom layer in the oil that can affect the lubrication and detergency of the engine oil. To
avoid field problems, engine oil should be capable of emulsifying water contamination to the extent that no aqueous layerpresence
appears.
5.2 The test described in this method is designed to evaluate the ability of an engine oil, contaminated with a specified amount
of water (volume fraction of 10 % of the original oil sample) and simulated Ed85 fuel (also a volume fraction of 10 % of the
original oil sample), to emulsify the water after agitation in a blender and to maintain this emulsion at temperatures of 20 °C to
25 °C and –5 °C to 0 °C for at least 24 h.
5.3 This test method has potential use in specifications of engine lubricating oils, such as Specification D4485.
6. Apparatus and Supporting Equipment
6.1 Blender—Commercial laboratory blender with its associated glass or stainless steel liquid container having suitable blending
capacity for this use and a blade rotating at approximately 10 000 r/min 6 2000 r ⁄min as measured by a stroboscopic tachometer.
NOTE 1—This speed is generally equivalent to the low-speed setting on two-speed commercial mixers or the “2” or “3” setting on seven-speed commercial
mixers.
6.2 Glass, Graduated Cylinders—Unless otherwise stated, all graduated cylinders shall conform to Specification E1272, Class B,
Style I.
6.2.1 For Measuring Volume of Test Oil and Unleaded Fuel—Having a capacity of 250 mL with graduation marks of 2 mL.
6.2.2 For Measuring Volumes of Simulated Ed85 Fuel and Water—Having a capacity of 25 mL with graduation marks of 0.2 mL.
D7563 − 23
6.2.3 For Preparing the Simulated Ed85 Fuel—Glass-stoppered and conforming to Specification E1272, Class B, Style II and
having a capacity of 1 L with graduation marks of 10 mL.
6.3 Containers for Observation of Emulsified Samples—Use either of the following types:
6.3.1 Glass-stoppered, graduated cylinders conforming to Specification E1272, Class B, Style II and having a capacity of 100 mL
with graduation marks of 1 mL (see Fig. 1).
6.3.2 Glass, flat-bottomed, sample bottles with an outer diameter of approximately 30 mm, a minimum height of 150 mm and
capable of being closed by a solvent resistant screw cap (see Fig. 1). The height of the bottles should be such that 100 mL of fluid
comes below the shoulder to allow accurate measurement of the height of 100 mL of emulsion (see 9.6 and X1.2.1).
NOTE 2—A simple way of marking the sample bottles is to pour 100 mL of water from a graduated cylinder into each clean and dry bottle, mark the level
of the water meniscus on the bottle (suggest using a glass scribing tool or triangular metal file), and dry the bottle before proceeding.
FIG. 1 Observation Containers: Graduated Cylinder with Ground Glass Stopper and Flat-bottom Sample Bottle with Cap
D7563 − 23
6.4 Temperature Chambers:
6.4.1 Cold cabinet or refrigerator capable of controlling temperature within a range of –5 ºC to 0 °C.
6.4.2 Warm cabinet or oven capable of controlling temperature within a range of 20 ºC to 25 °C.
6.5 Time-Measuring Equipment:
6.5.1 Stopwatch or other timer capable of measuring 1 min with a minimum precision of 61 s.
6.5.2 Clock or other timer capable of measuring 24 h with a minimum precision of 65 min.
6.6 Laboratory Hood Vented Exteriorly or Other Well-Ventilated Work Space—Suitable for pouring volatile, flammable fluids such
as denatured fuel ethanol and gasoline into graduated cylinders and containers. Ensure there is no ignition source within the hood
or nearby when using an open work space, particularly at lower levels where hydrocarbon volatiles tend to congregate.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water that meets or
exceeds that defined as Type IV of Specification D1193.
7.2 Denatured Fuel Ethanol—Use product conforming to Specification D4806. Refer to Specification D4806 and Practice D5854
for information on container selection, storage and handling. Product stored for more than three months should be checked to
ensure it has not deteriorated or been contaminated before use. (Warning—Danger! Extremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash
fire.)
7.3 Unleaded Gasoline—Use only Haltermann EEE unleaded fuel coded HF003. Fuel stored for more than three months should
be checked to ensure it has not deteriorated or been contaminated before use. (Warning—Danger! Extremely flammable. Health
Hazard.)
7.4 Cleaning Solvents—Reagent grade acetone and isooctane. (Warning—Danger! Extremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash
fire.)
8. Hazards
8.1 Specific Hazards—Because of fire danger, carefully pour denatured fuel ethanol and gasoline into graduated cylinders and
containers in a laboratory hood, preferably from containers of capacity no greater than about 2 L. See also 7.2 and 7.3.
9. Procedure
9.1 Clean blender and other glassware with isooctane followed by acetone (see warning in 7.4).
9.1.1 First, rinse total inner surface of all vessels three times with isooctane followed by similarly rinsing three times with acetone
and dry thoroughly.
9.2 Blending the Simulated Ed85 Fuel:
9.2.1 In a laboratory hood,
...