ASTM C1472-16(2022)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Calculating Movement and Other Effects When Establishing Sealant Joint Width
Standard Guide for Calculating Movement and Other Effects When Establishing Sealant Joint Width
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Design professionals, for aesthetic reasons, have desired to limit the spacing and width of sealant joints on exterior walls and other locations of new buildings. Analysis of the performance factors and especially tolerances that affect a sealant joint is necessary to determine if a joint will have durability and be effective in maintaining a seal against the passage of air and water and not experience premature deterioration. If performance factors and tolerances are not understood and included in the design of a sealant joint, then the sealant may reach its durability limit and failure is a distinct possibility.
4.2 Sealant joint failure can result in increased building energy usage due to air infiltration or exfiltration, water infiltration, and deterioration of building systems and materials. Infiltrating water can cause spalling of porous and friable building materials such as concrete, brick, and stone; corrosion of ferrous metals; and decomposition of organic materials, among other effects. Personal injury can result from a fall incurred due to a wetted interior surface as a result of a failed sealant joint. Building indoor air quality can be affected due to organic growth in concealed and damp areas. Deterioration is often difficult and very costly to repair, with the cost of repair work usually greatly exceeding the original cost of the sealant joint work.
4.3 This guide is applicable to sealants with an established movement capacity, in particular elastomeric sealants that meet Specification C920 with a minimum movement capacity rating of ±121/2 %. In general, a sealant with less than ±121/2 % movement capacity can be used with the joint width sizing calculations; however, the width of a joint using such a sealant will generally become too large to be practically considered and installed. It is also applicable to precured sealant extrusions with an established movement capacity that meets Specification C1518.
4.4 The intent of this guide is to...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information on performance factors such as movement, construction tolerances, and other effects that should be accounted for to properly establish sealant joint size. It also provides procedures to assist in calculating and determining the required width of a sealant joint enabling it to respond properly to those movements and effects. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to single- and multi-component, cold-applied joint sealants and secondarily to precured sealant extrusions when used with properly prepared joint openings and substrate surfaces.
1.2 Although primarily directed towards the understanding and design of sealant joints for walls for buildings and other areas, the information contained herein is also applicable to sealant joints that occur in horizontal slabs and paving systems as well as various sloped building surfaces.
1.3 This guide does not describe the selection and properties of joint sealants (1)2, nor their use and installation, which is described by Guide C1193.
1.4 For protective glazing systems that are designed to resist blast and other effects refer to Guide C1564 in combination with this guide.
1.5 This guide is not applicable to the design of joints sealed with aerosol foam sealants.
1.6 For structural sealant glazing systems refer to Guide C1401 in combination with this guide.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. SI units in this guide are in conformance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997.
1.8 The Committee having jurisdiction for this guide is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate sa...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1472 − 16 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Calculating Movement and Other Effects When Establishing
Sealant Joint Width
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1472; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 The Committee having jurisdiction for this guide is not
aware of any comparable standards published by other orga-
1.1 Thisguideprovidesinformationonperformancefactors
nizations.
such as movement, construction tolerances, and other effects
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
that should be accounted for to properly establish sealant joint
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
size. It also provides procedures to assist in calculating and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
determining the required width of a sealant joint enabling it to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
respond properly to those movements and effects. Information
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in this guide is primarily applicable to single- and multi-
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
component, cold-applied joint sealants and secondarily to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
precured sealant extrusions when used with properly prepared
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
joint openings and substrate surfaces.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 Although primarily directed towards the understanding
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and design of sealant joints for walls for buildings and other
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
areas, the information contained herein is also applicable to
sealantjointsthatoccurinhorizontalslabsandpavingsystems
2. Referenced Documents
as well as various sloped building surfaces.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 Thisguidedoesnotdescribetheselectionandproperties
C216Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units
of joint sealants (1) , nor their use and installation, which is
Made from Clay or Shale)
described by Guide C1193.
C717Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
C719Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-
1.4 Forprotectiveglazingsystemsthataredesignedtoresist
meric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman
blast and other effects refer to Guide C1564 in combination
Cycle)
with this guide.
C794TestMethodforAdhesion-in-PeelofElastomericJoint
1.5 Thisguideisnotapplicabletothedesignofjointssealed
Sealants
with aerosol foam sealants.
C920Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
C1193Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
1.6 For structural sealant glazing systems refer to Guide
C1401Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing
C1401 in combination with this guide.
C1481Guide for Use of Joint Sealants with Exterior Insu-
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
lation and Finish Systems (EIFS)
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
C1518Specification for Precured Elastomeric Silicone Joint
providedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.
Sealants
SI units in this guide are in conformance with IEEE/ASTM SI
C1523Test Method for Determining Modulus, Tear and
10-1997.
Adhesion Properties of Precured Elastomeric Joint Seal-
ants
C1564Guide for Use of Silicone Sealants for Protective
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC24onBuildingSeals
Glazing Systems
and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 on
Specifications, Guides and Practices.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved
ɛ1
in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1472–16 . DOI: 10.1520/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
C1472-16R22. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1472 − 16 (2022)
2.2 The tables included in this guide are based on the
α = Coefficientoflinearthermalmovementforaparticu-
X
reference version (year) outlined below. The references may
lar material
not represent the most recent version of these standards based
A = Coefficient of solar absorption
on publication dates and update intervals of these external A = Coefficient of solar absorption for brick
B
references. Updates to these standards may have been pub- A = Coefficient of solar absorption for a particular mate-
X
rial
lished at intervals inconsistent with updates to this standard.
B = Sealant backing length
Evaluationofaccuratepropertiesanddataforthematerialsand
C = Compression
the locale of the project are recommended.
C = Construction tolerance for brick masonry
B
2.3 American Concrete Institute (ACI), American Society of
C = Construction tolerance for a particular material or
4 X
Civil Engineers (ASCE), and The Masonry Society (TMS):
system
Building Code Requirementsfor Masonry Structures (ACI
E = Extension
530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 401-02) Reported by the Ma-
E = Longitudinal extension
L
sonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC)
E = Transverse extension
T
2.4 Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI):
E = Longitudinalortransversemovementforaparticular
X
Manual for Quality Control for Plants and Production of
condition
Architectural Precast Concrete Products, MNL-177-77
H = Heat capacity constant
2.5 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- H = Heat capacity constant for a particular material
X
I = Moisture-induced irreversible growth
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE):
L = Unrestrained length or sealant joint spacing
Chapter 27,Climatic Design Information, Tables1A, 1B,
∆L = Dimensional change due to brick thermal movement
2A,2B,3A,3B,ASHRAE2002FundamentalsHandbook B
∆L = Dimensional change due to compression
C
2.6 Brick Industry Association (BIA):
∆L = Dimensional change due to extension
E
Volume Changes, and Effects of Movement, Part I,Techni-
∆L = Dimensional change due to irreversible moisture
I
cal Notes on Brick Construction, No. 18, Reissued Sept.
movement
∆L = Dimensional change due to longitudinal extension
L
2.7 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
∆L = Dimensional change due to precast concrete thermal
3 P
(IEEE) and ASTM:
movement
IEEE/ASTM SI 10-2002Standard for Use of the Interna-
∆L = Dimensional change due to reversible moisture
R
tional System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
movement
∆L = Dimensional change due to transverse extension
T
3. Terminology
∆L = Dimensional change for a particular condition
X
3.1 Definitions:
R = Moisture induced reversible growth
3.1.1 RefertoTerminologyC717fordefinitionsoftheterms
S = Sealant movement capacity
used in this guide. T = Hottest summer air temperature
A
T = Maximumsummerinstallationwallsurfacetempera-
IS
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ture
3.2.1 coeffıcient of linear thermal movement—anincreaseor
T = Minimum winter installation wall surface tempera-
IW
decrease in unit length per unit change in material temperature
ture
of a material or assembly of materials.
T = Hottest summer wall surface temperature
S
3.2.2 coeffıcient of solar absorption—afactordescribingthe
T = Coldest winter wall surface temperature
W
capability of a material or assembly of materials to absorb a
∆T = Maximum expected temperature difference
M
percentage of incident solar radiation.
∆T = Summer installation temperature difference
S
∆T = Winter installation temperature difference
W
3.2.3 heat capacity constant—a factor describing the capa-
∆T = Temperature difference for a particular condition
X
bility of a material or assembly of materials to store heat
W = Final designed sealant joint width
generated by absorbed solar radiation.
W = Sealant joint width required for movement
M
3.3 Symbols:
W = Sealant joint width at rest prior to movement
R
α = Coefficient of linear thermal movement
4. Significance and Use
α = Coefficient of linear thermal movement for brick
B
4.1 Designprofessionals,foraestheticreasons,havedesired
tolimitthespacingandwidthofsealantjointsonexteriorwalls
AvailablefromAmericanConcreteInstitute(ACI),P.O.Box9094,Farmington
and other locations of new buildings. Analysis of the perfor-
Hills,MI48333,AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE),1801AlexanderBell
Dr., Reston, VA 20191 and The Masonry Society, 3970 Broadway, Suite 201-D, mance factors and especially tolerances that affect a sealant
Boulder, CO 80304-1135.
joint is necessary to determine if a joint will have durability
Available from the Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), 209 W. Jackson Blvd.
andbeeffectiveinmaintainingasealagainstthepassageofair
#500, Chicago, IL 60606.
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air- and water and not experience premature deterioration. If
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
performance factors and tolerances are not understood and
30329.
7 included in the design of a sealant joint, then the sealant may
Available from Brick Industry Association (BIA), formerly Brick Institute of
America, 11490 Commerce Park Dr., Reston, VA 20191-1525. reach its durability limit and failure is a distinct possibility.
C1472 − 16 (2022)
4.2 Sealant joint failure can result in increased building 5. Performance Factors
energy usage due to air infiltration or exfiltration, water
5.1 General—Proper sealant joint design can not be ad-
infiltration, and deterioration of building systems and materi-
equatelyperformedwithoutaknowledgeandunderstandingof
als. Infiltrating water can cause spalling of porous and friable
factors that can affect sealant performance. The following
buildingmaterialssuchasconcrete,brick,andstone;corrosion
describes most of the commonly encountered performance
of ferrous metals; and decomposition of organic materials,
factors that are known to influence sealant joint design. These
among other effects. Personal injury can result from a fall
performance factors can act individually or, as is mostly the
incurred due to a wetted interior surface as a result of a failed
case, in various combinations depending on the characteristics
sealant joint. Building indoor air quality can be affected due to
of a particular joint design.
organic growth in concealed and damp areas. Deterioration is
5.2 Material and System Anchorage—Thetypeandlocation
often difficult and very costly to repair, with the cost of repair
of various wall anchors has an impact on the performance of a
work usually greatly exceeding the original cost of the sealant
sealant joint (6). Large precast concrete panels with fixed and
joint work.
moving anchors, brick masonry support system deflection
4.3 This guide is applicable to sealants with an established between supports (3), and metal and glass curtain wall fixed
movementcapacity,inparticularelastomericsealantsthatmeet and moving anchorages are examples of anchorage conditions
that must be considered and evaluated when designing sealant
SpecificationC920withaminimummovementcapacityrating
1 1
joints for movement.Anchor types and their locations have an
of 612 ⁄2 %. In general, a sealant with less than 612 ⁄2 %
effect on determining the effective length of wall material or
movement capacity can be used with the joint width sizing
support system deflection characteristics that need to be
calculations; however, the width of a joint using such a sealant
included when designing for sealant joint width.
will generally become too large to be practically considered
and installed. It is also applicable to precured sealant extru-
5.3 Thermal Movement—Walls of buildings respond to
sions with an established movement capacity that meets
ambient temperature change, solar radiation, black-body
Specification C1518.
radiation, wetting and drying effects from precipitation, and
varying cloud cover by either increasing or decreasing in
4.4 The intent of this guide is to describe some of the
volume and therefore in linear dimension. The dimensional
performance factors and tolerances that are normally consid-
change of wall materials causes a change in the width of a
ered in sealant joint design. Equations and sample calculations
sealant joint opening, producing a movement in an installed
are provided to assist the user of this guide in determining the
sealant. Thermal movement is the predominate effect causing
required width and depth for single and multi-component,
dimensional change.
liquid-applied sealants when installed in properly prepared
5.3.1 Depending on when a sealant is installed, thermal
joint openings. The user of this guide should be aware that the
movement may need to be evaluated at different stages in a
singlelargestfactorcontributingtonon-performanceofsealant
building’s life; for example, expected temperature differentials
jointsthathavebeendesignedformovementispoorworkman-
mayneedtobeconsideredforthebuildingwhenitis:(1)under
ship.Thisresultsinimproperinstallationofsealantandsealant
construction, (2) unoccupied and unconditioned, and (3) occu-
joint components. The success of the methodology described
pied and conditioned. Each of these stages will have different
by this guide is predicated on achieving adequate workman-
interior environmental conditions, and depending on the build-
ship.
ingenclosurematerialorsystembeinganalyzedformovement,
one of those stages may produce the maximum expected
4.5 Joints for new construction can be designed by the
thermal movement. The required joint opening width, depend-
recommendations in this guide as well as joints that have
ing on construction procedures and material or wall system
reached the end of their service life and need routine mainte-
types, could be established during one of those stages.
nance or joints that require remedial work for a failure to
5.3.2 Determining realistic material or wall surface tem-
perform. Guide C1193 should also be consulted when design-
peratures to establish the expected degree of thermal move-
ing sealant joints. Failure to install a sealant and its compo-
ment can be challenging. The ASHRAE Fundamen
...
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