ASTM E2756-18
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
Standard Terminology Relating to Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to establish uniformity in terms used in the field of antimicrobial and antiviral agent testing. Terms are adapted from related fields such as regulatory terms defined by law and definitions as supported by test requirements.
1.2 The terms are appropriate to the wide range of interest related to standards developed in the area of antimicrobial and antiviral testing.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E2756 − 18
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
DISCUSSION—A statement of bias is not possible because standard
1. Scope
reference materials are not available for most microbiological methods.
1.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to establish
biofouling, n—the unwanted accumulation of organisms
uniformity in terms used in the field of antimicrobial and
antiviral agent testing. Terms are adapted from related fields and/or their products on surfaces.
such as regulatory terms defined by law and definitions as
cleaner-sanitizer, n—a physical or chemical agent that re-
supported by test requirements.
moves soil from an object and reduces numbers of microor-
1.2 The terms are appropriate to the wide range of interest
ganisms on non-food contact surfaces.
related to standards developed in the area of antimicrobial and
carrier, n—a surrogate surface or matrix that facilitates the
antiviral testing.
interaction of test microorganisms and treatment(s).
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
cell monolayer, n—a single layer of eukaryotic cells typically
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the propogated on a glass or plastic surface to which they are
securely attached.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cleansing wash, n—a procedure intended to remove soil or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
residue.
2. Terminology
clastogen, n—an agent that reduces chromosomal breakage.
GENERAL ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIVIRAL composite sample, n—a series of grab samples integrated into
TERMS a single sample or samples collected at specific times and
integrated into a single sample.
accuracy, n—a measure of the degree of conformity of a value
generatedbyaspecificproceduretotheassumedoraccepted cooling system, n—equipment and coolant used for the re-
true value, and includes both precision and bias.
moval of heat from processes, equipment, or both.
ambient temperature, n—temperature of the environment in cooling water, n—any water-based solution that absorbs and
which a test method is performed.
transfers heat in a heat exchange system.
antibacterial, adj—describes an agent that kills bacteria or
cumulative effect, n—a progressively additive reduction in the
suppresses their growth or reproduction.
numbers of viable microorganisms measured from an estab-
lished baseline following repeated applications of a material
antimicrobial, adj—describes an agent that kills or inactivates
or procedure.
microorganisms or suppresses their growth or reproduction.
decontamination, n—a procedure that eliminates or reduces
antiseptic, n—a material for use on living tissue that either
contaminants. The usual reference is to reduce potentially
destroys microorganisms or suppresses their growth.
harmful or undesirable microorganisms.
bias, n—a systematic error that contributes to the difference
disinfectant, n—a physical or chemical agent or process that
between the mean of a large number of test results and an
destroys pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorgan-
accepted reference value (ASTM Form and Style Manual).
isms in/on surfaces or objects.
D-value (decimal reduction time/log death time), n—the
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on
time or radiation dose required to achieve inactivation of
Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct
90 % of one log of a population of the test microorganism
responsibility of Subcommittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents. 10
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally under stated exposure conditions.
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2756–10. DOI:
10.1520/E2756–18. effectiveness, n—a measure of the performance of a product.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2756 − 18
efficacy, n—the proven performance of a product established positive control, n—treatment using known material or proce-
under defined conditions of testing. dure used to validate a test protocol.
envelope, n—a layer of host cell membrane-deprived lipid that
precision,n—the closeness of agreement between independent
surrounds the capsid of some viruses.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2756 − 10 E2756 − 18
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to establish uniformity in terms used in the field of antimicrobial and antiviral
agent testing. Terms are adapted from related fields such as regulatory terms defined by law and definitions as supported by test
requirements.
1.2 The terms are appropriate to the wide range of interest related to standards developed in the area of antimicrobial and
antiviral testing.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
GENERAL ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIVIRAL TERMS
accuracy, n—a measure of the degree of conformity of a value generated by a specific procedure to the assumed or accepted true
value, and includes both precision and bias.
ambient temperature, n—temperature of the environment in which a test method is performed.
antibacterial, adj—describes an agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth or reproduction.
antimicrobial, adj—describes an agent that kills or inactivates microorganisms or suppresses their growth or reproduction.
antiseptic, n—a material for use on living tissue that either destroys microorganisms or suppresses their growth.
bias, n—a systematic error that contributes to the difference between the mean of a large number of test results and an accepted
reference value (ASTM Form and Style Manual).
DISCUSSION—
A statement of bias is not possible because standard reference materials are not available for most microbiological methods.
biofouling, n—the unwanted accumulation of organisms and/or their products on surfaces.
cleaner-sanitizer, n—a physical or chemical agent that removes soil from an object and reduces numbers of microorganisms on
non-food contact surfaces.
carrier, n—a surrogate surface or matrix that facilitates the interaction of test microorganisms and treatment(s).
cell monolayer, n—a single layer of eukaryotic cells typically propogated on a glass or plastic surface to which they are securely
attached.
cleansing wash, n—a procedure intended to remove soil or residue.
clastogen, n—an agent that reduces chromosomal breakage.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010April 1, 2018. Published December 2010June 2018. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
E2756–10. DOI: 10.1520/E2756–10.10.1520/E2756–18.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2756 − 18
composite sample, n—a series of grab samples integrated into a single sample or samples collected at specific times and integrated
into a single sample.
cooling system, n—equipment and coolant used for the removal of heat from processes, equipment, or both.
cooling water, n—any water-based solution that absorbs and transfers heat in cooling systems.a heat exchange system.
cumulative effect, n—a progressively additive reduction in the numbers of viable microorganisms measured from an established
baseline following repeated applications of a material or procedure.
decontamination, n—a procedure that eliminates or reduces contaminants. The usual reference is to reduce potentially harmful
or undesirable microorganisms.
disinfectant, n—a physical or chemical agent or process that destroys pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms in/on
surfaces or objects.
D-value (decimal reduction time/log death time), n—the time or radiation dose required to achieve inactivation of 90 % of one
log of a population of the test microorganism under stated exposure conditions.
10
effectiveness, n—a measure of the performance of a product.
efficacy, n—th
...
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