ASTM C1027-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
Standard Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The abrasion resistance of tile surfaces is determined by rotation of an abrasive load on the surface and the assessment of the resultant wear by means of visual comparison of the abraded test specimens and nonabraded tiles. A staining agent in light oil may be used to help determine whether abrasion surface is likely to result in mechanical entrapment of dirt particles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed to measure the resistance of tile surfaces to visible surface abrasion. Certain irregular surfaces may not be evaluated properly by this test method because of wear patterns.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This procedure does not make provisions for the apparent difference in abrasion values between light and dark colored tile.
1.4 This procedure does not optimally evaluate loss of gloss with abrasion.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1027 − 09
Standard Test Method for
Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic
1
Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Abrasive Load
1.1 Thistestmethodisdesignedtomeasuretheresistanceof
4.1 The total load on each test specimen consists of the
tile surfaces to visible surface abrasion. Certain irregular
following:
surfaces may not be evaluated properly by this test method
4.1.1 Grade 25 chrome steel balls of various diameters:
because of wear patterns.
4.1.1.1 70.0 g of 5-mm diameter steel balls.
1.2 This procedure does not make provisions for the appar-
4.1.1.2 52.5 g of 3-mm diameter steel balls.
ent difference in abrasion values between light and dark
4.1.1.3 43.75 g of 2-mm diameter steel balls.
colored tile.
4.1.1.4 8.75 g of 1-mm diameter steel balls.
1.3 This procedure does not optimally evaluate loss of gloss
4.1.2 3.0 g No. 80 grit aluminum oxide, and
with abrasion.
4.1.3 20 6 0.5-mL demineralized water.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5. Reagents and Apparatus
standard.
5.1 AbrasionApparatus—The abrasion apparatus shall con-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sist of a steel case with a built-in electrical drive to a horizontal
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
supporting plate with positions for a maximum of nine test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specimens of dimensions at least 100 by 100 mm (see Fig. 1),
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
but an apparatus with fewer positions may be used. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
distance between the center of each position shall be 195 mm.
There shall be equal distance between each adjacent position.
2. Referenced Documents
The supporting plate rotates at 300 revolutions/min with an
eccentricity of 22.5 mm so that every part of each test
2.1 ISO Standard:
2
specimen describes a circular motion of 45-mm diameter. The
ISO 10545–14
test specimens are held down with the aid of metal holders,
which are provided with rubber seals (see Fig. 2). The internal
3. Significance and Use
diameter of the holders is 83 mm, thus providing a test area of
2
3.1 The abrasion resistance of tile surfaces is determined by
about 54 cm . The thickness of the rubber is 2.5 mm and the
rotation of an abrasive load on the surface and the assessment
height of the space under the holder is 25.5 mm.The apparatus
of the resultant wear by means of visual comparison of the
switches off automatically after completion of a preset number
abraded test specimens and nonabraded tiles. A staining agent
of revolutions. The supporting plate with holders and test
in light oil may be used to help determine whether abrasion
specimens should have a cover during operation.
surface is likely to result in mechanical entrapment of dirt
5.2 Apparatus for Visual Assessment—A viewing box (see
particles.
Fig. 3) equipped with fluorescent lighting of color temperature
5000 to 6500K placed vertically above the surface to be
observed providing 300-lux illumination. The interior of the
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
box shall be painted a neutral gray.
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
5.3 Drying Oven, capable of operation at (110 + 5)°C.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009. Published February 2010. Originally
approved 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1027 – 99(2004). DOI:
5.4 10% (v/v) Hydrochloric Acid Solution, prepared by
10.1520/C1027-09.
2
adding 263 mL of 38 % hydrochloric acid to 837 mL of
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. distilled or demineralized water.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1027 − 09
FIG. 1 Top View of the Abrasion Tester
FIG. 2 Side View of the Abrasion Tester
2
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
C1027 − 09
NOTE 1—Box 61 by 61 by 61 cm. Plan 61 by 61 cm. Light source
screened to avoid direct viewing, 300-lux illumination on the tiles, inner
faces of box painted gray.
FIG. 3 Viewing Box Setup
6. Test Specimen 7.1.2 Evaluation of Surface Abrasion—For visual
comparison, a viewing box,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1027–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: C1027 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic
1
Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is designed to measure the resistance of tile surfaces to visible surface abrasion. Certain irregular surfaces
may not be evaluated properly by this test method because of wear patterns.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This procedure does not make provisions for the apparent difference in abrasion values between light and dark colored tile.
1.4 This procedure does not optimally evaluate loss of gloss with abrasion.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ISO Standard:
2
ISO 10545–14
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The abrasion resistance of tile surfaces is determined by rotation of an abrasive load on the surface and the assessment of
the resultant wear by means of visual comparison of the abraded test specimens and nonabraded tiles.Astaining agent in light oil
may be used to help determine whether abrasion surface is likely to result in mechanical entrapment of dirt particles.
4. Abrasive Load
4.1 The total load on each test specimen consists of the following:
4.1.1 Grade 25 chrome steel balls of various diameters:
4.1.1.1 70.0 g of 5-mm diameter steel balls.
4.1.1.2 52.5 g of 3-mm diameter steel balls.
4.1.1.3 43.75 g of 2-mm diameter steel balls.
4.1.1.4 8.75 g of 1-mm diameter steel balls.
4.1.2 3.0 g No. 80 grit aluminum oxide, and
4.1.3 20 6 0.5-mL demineralized water.
5. Reagents and Apparatus
5.1 Abrasion Apparatus—The abrasion apparatus shall consist of a steel case with a built-in electrical drive to a horizontal
supporting plate with positions for a maximum of nine test specimens of dimensions at least 100 by 100 mm (see Fig. 1), but an
apparatus with fewer positions may be used. The distance between the center of each position shall be 195 mm. There shall be
equal distance between each adjacent position.The supporting plate rotates at 300 revolutions/min with an eccentricity of 22.5 mm
so that every part of each test specimen describes a circular motion of 45-mm diameter. The test specimens are held down with
the aid of metal holders, which are provided with rubber seals (see Fig. 2). The internal diameter of the holders is 83 mm, thus
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramicWhitewaresandRelatedProductsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC21.06
on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally approved 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C1027–99. DOI: 10.1520/C1027-
99R04.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009. Published February 2010. Originally approved 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1027 – 99(2004). DOI:
10.1520/C1027-09.
2
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1027 – 09
2
providing a test area of about 54 cm . The thickness of the rubber is 2.5 mm and the height of the space under the holder is 25.5
mm. The apparatus switches off automatically after completion of a preset number of revolutions. The supporting plate with
holders and test specimens should have a cover during operation.
5.2 Apparatus for VisualAssessment—Aviewing box (see Fig. 3) equipped with fluorescent lighting of color temperature 5000
to6500Kplacedverticallyabovethesurfacetobeobservedproviding300-luxillumination.Theinterioroftheboxshallbepainted
a neutral gray.
5.3 Drying Oven, capable of operation a
...
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