ASTM D4504-94(2000)e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers molded polyethylene, open-head, self-supporting, nonreusable pails intended for the packaging and transportation of nonhazardous goods. Pails are to have volume capacities between 1 and 7 gal (3.8 to 26.5 L).
1.2 Pails intended to contain hazardous goods (materials) shall be in accordance with and tested to United States Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 49, Parts (100-199).
1.3 The purpose of this specification is to establish performance requirements and test methods for molded open-head polyethylene pails.
1.4 Additives for the resin used and design of the pails are left to the discretion of the supplier, within the allowable limits of regulatory and performance requirements.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test method portions, Section 10 , of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: D 4504 – 94 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Specification for
Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial
Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4504; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made in May 2000.
1. Scope D1975 Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resis-
tance of Plastic Injection Molded Open-Head Pails
1.1 This specification covers molded polyethylene, open-
D4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of a
head, self-supporting, nonreusable pails intended for the pack-
Container Under Constant Load
aging and transportation of nonhazardous goods. Pails are to
D5276 TestMethodforDropTestofLoadedContainersby
have volume capacities between 1 and 7 gal (3.8 to 26.5 L).
Free Fall
1.2 Pails intended to contain hazardous goods (materials)
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
shall be in accordance with and tested to United States
2.2 American National Standard:
Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations
ANSI/ASQC A1.5GenericGuidelinesforQualitySystems
(CFR) Title 49, Parts (100–199).
2.3 Other Documents:
1.3 The purpose of this specification is to establish perfor-
National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC)
mance requirements and test methods for molded open-head
Uniform Freight Classification (UFC)
polyethylene pails.
Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 Parts 100–199 (CFR
1.4 Additives for the resin used and design of the pails are
49)
lefttothediscretionofthesupplier,withintheallowablelimits
of regulatory and performance requirements.
3. Terminology
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this speci-
method portions, Section 10, of this specification: This stan-
fication, see Terminology D996.
dard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.2.1 open-head pail—a pail with a full-diameter unre-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
stricted opening at the top, and designed to be carried by hand.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
The pail body is usually of a tapered design to provide for
tions prior to use.
nesting of pails during transportation and storage, prior to
2. Referenced Documents filling of contents. After filling of contents, the pail lid is
applied to the pail body, providing a sealed container for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
storage and shipment of the contents. The pail lid may also
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
have openings or fitments to allow for dispensing of contents
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
2 without removing the lid. These openings are sealed with
Viscosity)
closures.
D996 TerminologyofPackagingandDistributionEnviron-
3 3.2.1.1 Discussion—The definition for open-head pail for
ments
hazardous materials differs (see section 49 CFR Parts 100 to
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping
199).
Containers
D1972 Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association, Inc., agent by
Container Environment. applying to The American Trucking Associations, Inc., Traffic Department, 2200
Current edition approved July 15, 1994. Published September 1994. Originally Mill Rd., Alexandria, VA 22314.
published as D4504–85. Last previous edition D4504–91a. Available from National Railroad Freight Committee, Suite 1120, 222 South
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606.
3 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. Available from Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4504
4. Classification ensureprotectionofcontentsfromleakage,easeofclosure,and
removal.Gaskets,whenusedwiththeclosure,andtheclosure,
4.1 Products to be packaged in open-head pails may be
shall be compatible with the intended contents.
liquid (Note 1), solid, paste, granular, or powder form.
7.4 Drop Strength— The pails shall show no evidence of
NOTE 1—For the purpose of establishing test requirements, a liquid is
rupture, cracks, or leakage when tested in accordance with
heredefinedashavingaviscosityoflessthan5.0Pa.Satatemperatureof
10.2.1.
73.46 3.6°F (23 6 2°C), using the method described in Test Method
7.5 Stacking Strength—Two vertically stacked pails shall
D445.
withstand testing without sidewall buckling sufficient to cause
4.2 Molded polyethylene open-head pails are classified as
damage and shall have a total top-to-bottom deflection of both
follows:
pails of not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm), when tested in
4.2.1 Pails for liquids.
accordance with 10.2.2. In addition, there shall be no evidence
4.2.2 Pails for nonliquids.
of leakage or sifting of contents from the pail when tested in
accordance with 10.2.2.2.
5. Ordering Information
7.6 Vibration (Stack)—The pails shall show no evidence of
5.1 A summary of ordering requirements, detailed in other
rupture, cracks, or leakage when tested in accordance with
sections of this specification include the following:
10.2.3.
5.1.1 Materials of construction (see Section 6).
7.7 Repetitive Shock Test (Optional)—The pails shall show
5.1.2 Ultraviolet protection (see 6.2).
no evidence of rupture, cracks, or leakage when tested in
5.1.3 Other materials not specifically covered in this speci-
accordance with 10.2.4.
fication (see 6.3 and 6.4).
7.8 Compatibility, Permeation—The pail shall perform sat-
5.1.4 Pail capacity (see 7.2).
isfactorily when tested in accordance with 10.2.5.
5.1.5 Closure requirements, including tamper evident fea-
7.9 Resistance to Environmental Stress Cracking—The pail
ture (see 7.3).
shall perform satisfactorily when tested in accordance with
5.1.6 Provisions for handling.
10.2.5.3.
5.1.7 Compatibility testing (see 7.8 and 7.9).
7.10 Special Requirements—Pail requirements, additional
5.1.8 Inspection (see Section 11).
to those in 7.2 through 7.9, if needed by a purchaser, must be
5.1.9 Marking (see Section 13).
specified in the procurement document and as agreed between
5.1.10 Intended contents.
purchaser and supplier.
5.1.11 Whether pressure testing is required.
8. Sampling
6. Materials
8.1 Lotting—A lot shall consist of all pails of one size and
6.1 Materials for the construction of the pail shall be
design,producedfromthesamematerialsandunderessentially
compatible with the intended contents. Effects of impact,
the same manufacturing conditions and offered for delivery at
vibration, temperature, warehouse stacking, and ultraviolet
one time.
exposure should be considered.
8.2 Sampling Pails— Select sample pails for test at random
6.2 If ultraviolet protection is required, it shall be provided
from a continuous production lot. As a minimum, the number
bytheadditionofcarbonblackorothersuitablepigmentswith
of pails required is 17 as outlined for design qualification tests
ultraviolet stabilizers and inhibitors.These additives should be
(see Section 10 and Supplementary Requirements).
compatible with the contents and should retain their effective-
ness during the life of the pail.
9. Specimen Preparation
6.3 Materials for purposes other than ultraviolet protection
9.1 Prepare pail specimens in accordance with NMFC, item
may be added, provided such additives permit the pail to meet
258 and UFC Rule 40, where applicable, and as agreed
the requirements of this specification.
between the pail purchaser and supplier.
6.4 Used materials, except regrind from the same concur-
rent production process shall not be acceptable for manufac-
10. Methods of Testing Pails for Design Qualification
turing new pails unless otherwise specified.
10.1 General—Thetestproceduresdescribedinthissection
7. Other Requirements
are to be used to determine physical performance capability of
7.1 The pail shall show good workmanship such as absence aspecificdesignandthereby,toqualifysuchadesignunderthe
of flashing, dents, and scratched surfaces. performance requirements of this specification. Additional
7.2 Capacity—Pails covered by this specification shall be sampling and testing of these pails, as may be agreed upon
rangeinrated(marked)capacityfrom1to7gal(3.8to26.5L). between purchaser and supplier, is not precluded by this
Minimum actual liquid capacity shall not be less than rated section. Test methods to determine compatibility of the con-
capacity plus 4%, and maximum actual capacity shall not be tents (lading) with the pail will depend on the specific contents
greaterthan4%aboveratedcapacityplusonequart,measured tobecontained.Iftheavailabletechnicalinformationandprior
with cover attached and contents and pail at 73.4 6 5°F (23.8 use experience cannot substantiate an application decision, it
6 3
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