ASTM E3052-21

Standard Practice for Examination of Carbon Steel Welds Using An Eddy Current Array

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Eddy Current Arrays for Crack Detection and Sizing in Carbon Steel Welds—Eddy current sensor arrays permit rapid examination of carbon steel welds for surface-breaking cracks located on the surface closest to the sensor array. As described in Guide E2884, these sensor arrays can have multiple drive-sense pairs for each element of the array or a large single drive winding construct with multiple individual sense elements. However, not all ECA probe designs allow for accurate depth sizing of such discontinuities over a significant range (several millimeters, for example). To achieve proper crack depth sizing, the system shall exhibit certain characteristics, such as: (1) a lift-off signal that allows monitoring the lift-off over the range of values of interest for the examination, (2) suitable separation between the lift-off signal and the defect signal (this depends upon the instrument used and can be viewed as a phase separation in an impedance plane display), (3) the capability to make use of the lift-off values for crack depth determination, (4) the capability to take into account material properties variations for crack depth determination along and across the weld, and (5) a uniform sensitivity for the sensing elements of the array in order to provide an effective single-pass examination, which is expected when using an array sensor.  
4.2 Array Sensors and Single Sensing Element Sensors—Depending on the weld geometry, it may be possible to use either a sensor array or a sensor with a single sensing element. The sensor array generally provides a better spatial representation of the weld properties and an improved probability of detection for discontinuities. The size of the array, as well as the size and number of individual sensing elements within the array depend on the weld geometry and other factors such as target discontinuities. When a single-sensing element sensor is used, it shall produce signals that exhibit the characteristics listed in 4.1 and th...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of an eddy current array (ECA) or an eddy current sensor for nondestructive examination of carbon steel welds. It includes the detection and sizing of surface-breaking cracks in such joints, accommodating for nonmagnetic and nonconductive coating up to 5 mm thick between the sensor and the joint. The practice covers a variety of cracking defects, such as fatigue cracks and other types of planar discontinuities, at various locations in the weld (heat-affected zone, toe area, and weld cap, for example). It covers the length and depth sizing of such surface-breaking discontinuities. This practice can be used for flush-ground and not flush-ground welds. For specific ferrous alloys or specific welded parts, the user may need a more specific procedure.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2021
• ICS: 25.160.40 - Welded joints and welds
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.07 - Electromagnetic Method

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3052 − 21
Standard Practice for
Examination of Carbon Steel Welds Using An Eddy Current
1
Array
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3052; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2884 Guide for Eddy Current Testing of Electrically Con-
1.1 This practice covers the use of an eddy current array
ducting Materials Using Conformable Sensor Arrays
(ECA) or an eddy current sensor for nondestructive examina-
E2905 Practice for Examination of Mill and Kiln Girth Gear
tion of carbon steel welds. It includes the detection and sizing
Teeth—Electromagnetic Methods
of surface-breaking cracks in such joints, accommodating for
3
2.2 ASNT Documents
nonmagnetic and nonconductive coating up to 5 mm thick
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
between the sensor and the joint. The practice covers a variety
cation and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
of cracking defects, such as fatigue cracks and other types of
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
planar discontinuities, at various locations in the weld (heat-
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
affected zone, toe area, and weld cap, for example). It covers
4
the length and depth sizing of such surface-breaking disconti-
2.3 ISO Standard:
nuities. This practice can be used for flush-ground and not
ISO 9712 Nondestructive Testing—Qualification and Certi-
flush-ground welds. For specific ferrous alloys or specific
fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
welded parts, the user may need a more specific procedure. 5
2.4 AIA Standard:
NAS–410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Testing Personnel
standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms relating to this
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- practice, refer to Terminology E1316, Guide E2884, and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Practice E2905. The following definitions are specific to the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. examination of carbon steel welds using an eddy current array:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.1.1 air reference measurement, n—the measured response
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- of the sensor and instrumentation to a nonmagnetic and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the electrically insulating reference material such as air.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.1.1.1 Discussion—This measurement is typically used as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical part of the standardization process and to verify operation of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. the instrument. Measurements on conductive materials after
standardization with an air reference measurement should
2. Referenced Documents
provide absolute electrical properties, such as electrical
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conductivity, and lift-off values.
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
3.1.2 encoder, n—a spatial sensing device (based on
Testing
mechanical, optical, or electromagnetic principles, for ex-
ample) that allows for accurate monitoring of a sensor’s
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
Electromagnetic Method.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E3052 – 16. DOI: 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
10.1520/E3052-21. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Aerospa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3052 − 16 E3052 − 21
Standard Practice for
Examination of Carbon Steel Welds Using An Eddy Current
1
Array
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3052; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the use of an eddy current array sensors (ECA) or an eddy current sensor for nondestructive examination
of carbon steel welds. It includes the detection and sizing of surface-breaking cracks in such joints, accommodating for
nonmagnetic and nonconductive coating up to 5 mm thick (typical) between the sensor and the joint. The practice covers a variety
of cracking defects, such as fatigue cracks and other types of planar discontinuities, at various locations in the weld (heat-affected
zone, toe area, and weld cap, for example). It covers the length and depth sizing of such surface-breaking discontinuities. This
practice can be used for flush-ground and not flush-ground welds. For specific ferrous alloys or specific welded parts, the user may
need a more specific procedure.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2261 Practice for Examination of Welds Using the Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique
E2884 Guide for Eddy Current Testing of Electrically Conducting Materials Using Conformable Sensor Arrays
E2905 Practice for Examination of Mill and Kiln Girth Gear Teeth—Electromagnetic Methods
3
2.2 ASNT Documents
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
Electromagnetic Method.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2021. Published February 2016November 2021. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
E3052 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E3052-16.10.1520/E3052-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E3052 − 21
4
2.3 Other Standards:ISO Standard:
ISO 9712 Nondestructive Testing—Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
NAS–410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
5
2.4 AIA Standard:
NAS–410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms relating to this practice, refer to Terminology E1316, Guide E2884, and Practice E2905.
The following definitions are specific to the examination of carbon steel welds using an eddy current array:
3.1.1 air reference measurement, n—the measured response of the sensor and instrumentation to a nonmagnetic and electrically
insulating reference material such as air.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
the instrument shall proces
...