ASTM A892-09(2014)e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Defining and Rating the Microstructure of High Carbon Bearing Steels
Standard Guide for Defining and Rating the Microstructure of High Carbon Bearing Steels
ABSTRACT
This guide covers the definition and rating of the microstructure of carbide structures in annealed high carbon bearing steels. Requirements for the optical metallograph apparatus and specimen preparation including polishing and etching are detailed. The description of the reference photomicrographs (graded illustrations of annealed carbides categorized by size, network, and lamellar content (shape)) that shall be used in the evaluation and the equation that shall define the rating are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the description of carbide structures in annealed high carbon bearing steels.
1.2 Included is a guide for rating steel specimens by a graded series of photomicrographs showing the incidence of certain conditions.
1.3 The reference photomicrographs are graded illustrations of annealed carbides categorized by size, network, and lamellar content (shape).
1.4 This guide is to facilitate communication and description of microstructure. It does not establish limits of acceptability. Such limits are a matter of agreement between user and producer.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation:A892 −09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Defining and Rating the Microstructure of High Carbon
Bearing Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A892; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Units statement was inserted in Section 1.5 editorially in October 2014.
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Photomicrographs for Defining and Rating the Microstruc-
1.1 Thisguidecoversthedescriptionofcarbidestructuresin
ture of High Carbon Bearing Steels
annealed high carbon bearing steels.
1.2 Included is a guide for rating steel specimens by a
3. Apparatus
graded series of photomicrographs showing the incidence of
3.1 In order to adequately compare the structure of a
certain conditions.
specimen with the photomicrographs, it will be necessary to
1.3 Thereferencephotomicrographsaregradedillustrations
view a properly prepared sample at 1000× magnification with
ofannealedcarbidescategorizedbysize,network,andlamellar
good resolution.
content (shape).
4. Specimen Preparation
1.4 This guide is to facilitate communication and descrip-
tion of microstructure. It does not establish limits of accept-
4.1 Samples that represent a portion of the cross section of
ability.Suchlimitsareamatterofagreementbetweenuserand
the material shall be prepared using the practices described in
producer.
Guide E3. The size of the sample shall be negotiated between
the user and the producer. It may be a full cross section but
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
should not be too large for practical handling in the polishing
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
operation.
standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 The properly polished specimens shall be etched in a
suitable etchant which will clearly delineate the annealed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
carbide structure of the material being examined as described
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in Practice E407. Nital (2%) will frequently be an adequate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
etchant for routine examination. When critical or detailed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
analysis of structures is required, the recommended etchant is
2. Referenced Documents
Picral (saturated).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Description
E3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E407Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys
5.1 The reference photomicrographs (available in ASTM
E1245Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-
Adjunct ADJA0892 ) are arranged into three categories, as
Phase Constituent Content of Metals byAutomatic Image
follows:carbidesize(CS),carbidenetwork(CN),andlamellar
Analysis
content (LC).
5.2 Six photomicrographs for each category are provided
This guide is under the jurisdiction of Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel
and are identified by category and number, for example,
and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.28 on
CS1-CS6, CN1-CN6, and LC1-LC6. Higher numbers indicat
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: A892 − 09 A892 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Defining and Rating the Microstructure of High Carbon
Bearing Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A892; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Units statement was inserted in Section 1.5 editorially in October 2014.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This guide covers the description of carbide structures in annealed high carbon bearing steels.
1.2 Included is a guide for rating steel specimens by a graded series of photomicrographs showing the incidence of certain
conditions.
1.3 The reference photomicrographs are graded illustrations of annealed carbides categorized by size, network, and lamellar
content (shape).
1.4 This guide is to facilitate communication and description of microstructure. It does not establish limits of acceptability. Such
limits are a matter of agreement between user and producer.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E407 Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys
E1245 Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Photomicrographs for Defining and Rating the Microstructure of High Carbon Bearing Steels
3. Apparatus
3.1 In order to adequately compare the structure of a specimen with the photomicrographs, it will be necessary to view a
properly prepared sample at 1000× magnification with good resolution.
4. Specimen Preparation
4.1 Samples that represent a portion of the cross section of the material shall be prepared using the practices described in Guide
E3. The size of the sample shall be negotiated between the user and the producer. It may be a full cross section but should not be
too large for practical handling in the polishing operation.
4.2 The properly polished specimens shall be etched in a suitable etchant which will clearly delineate the annealed carbide
structure of the material being examined as described in Practice E407. Nital (2 %) will frequently be an adequate etchant for
routine examination. When critical or detailed analysis of structures is required, the recommended etchant is Picral (saturated).
This guide is under the jurisdiction of Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.28 on Bearing
Steels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2014. Published January 2010October 2014. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20062009 as
A892 – 06.A892 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/A0892-09.10.1520/A0892-09R14E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website
...
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