ASTM D1062-08(2023)

Standard Test Method for Cleavage Strength of Metal-to-Metal Adhesive Bonds

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage strength properties of metal-to-metal adhesive bonds. The testing machine shall be capable of maintaining the rate of loading and shall compose of fixed member, movable member, and grips. Test specimens shall consist of metal pieces glued together according to the prescribed dimensions indicated in this standard method. Recommended metal specimens are the following: brass, copper, aluminum, steel, and phosphor bronze. Bonding and conditioning of specimen shall be done according to the procedure specified by the manufacturer of the adhesive. Testing procedure shall be in accordance to the load rate limits specified in this standard method. Cleavage strength shall be expressed in pounds per inch and shall be reported in three significant figures in addition to the following information: adhesive identification, preparation method, adhesive layer thickness, conditioning procedure used, testing room condition, specimen number, and loading rate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage properties of adhesive bonds when tested on standard shape metal specimens under specified conditions of preparation and testing. It may be used also to compare adhesives used with other metallic materials having any specified surface treatment.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2023
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: D14 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: D14.80 - Metal Bonding Adhesives

Relations

• Refers: ASTM B16/B16M-19 - Standard Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM B139/B139M-12(2017) - Standard Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar, and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2017
• Refers: ASTM B16/B16M-10(2015) - Standard Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
• Effective Date: 01-May-2015
• Refers: ASTM B139/B139M-12 - Standard Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar, and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2012
• Refers: ASTM D907-12a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Refers: ASTM D907-12 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Refers: ASTM B211-12e1 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2012
• Refers: ASTM B211-12 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2012
• Refers: ASTM D907-11a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Refers: ASTM D907-11 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2011
• Refers: ASTM B16/B16M-10 - Standard Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Refers: ASTM D907-08b - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM D907-08a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2008
• Refers: ASTM D907-08 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Refers: ASTM B139/B139M-07 - Standard Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar, and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007

Overview

ASTM D1062-08(2023), "Standard Test Method for Cleavage Strength of Metal-to-Metal Adhesive Bonds," is an internationally recognized standard developed by ASTM. It specifies a method for determining the cleavage strength of adhesives used to bond metal-to-metal joints. This standard is widely applied in quality assurance and materials testing across industries such as manufacturing, aerospace, automotive, and construction, where reliable metal bonding is essential.

The method evaluates the bond by measuring the force required to induce cleavage failure between two adhered metal pieces, providing a comparative measure of adhesive performance under controlled conditions. This test is essential for comparing adhesive products, verifying adhesive suitability, and validating bonding processes.

Key Topics

• Scope and Purpose

  • Determination of cleavage strength for adhesive bonds between metal specimens using a standardized procedure.
  • Applicable to various metals, including brass, copper, aluminum, steel, and phosphor bronze.
  • Test results are expressed in pounds per inch, enabling direct comparison between adhesives.

• Test Apparatus and Procedures

  • Use of a calibrated testing machine capable of maintaining a specified rate of loading.
  • Standardized grips and specimen alignment ensure consistency and repeatability.
  • Adhesive application, metal preparation, and specimen conditioning must follow the adhesive manufacturer's guidelines.

• Reporting Requirements

  • Detailed reporting of adhesive identification, specimen preparation, adhesive layer thickness, conditioning procedure, and test environment.
  • Results to include maximum, minimum, and average cleavage strength, as well as type of adhesive failure observed.

• Surface Preparation and Conditioning

  • Emphasizes the importance of surface cleaning, special treatments, and accurate control over adhesive application and curing conditions.
  • Ensures that testing is representative of service conditions and manufacturer’s intended adhesive performance.

Applications

The ASTM D1062-08(2023) test method is crucial for several practical scenarios:

• Adhesive Development and Selection

  • Enables manufacturers and users to compare the cleavage strength of various adhesives for different metallic substrates.
  • Supports the selection of adhesive-bonded joints for high-load or safety-critical applications.

• Quality Control

  • Used by manufacturers to ensure consistent performance of adhesive-bonded metal assemblies.
  • Provides quantitative data to verify compliance with quality and safety standards.

• Research and Product Certification

  • Facilitates R&D efforts aimed at improving adhesive formulations.
  • Supports certification and documentation for regulatory and customer requirements.

Typical industries that benefit from this standard include:

• Aerospace and defense
• Automotive and transportation
• Industrial equipment manufacturing
• Electronics assembly

Related Standards

ASTM D1062-08(2023) is part of a broader family of standards related to adhesives and metal bonding, including:

• ASTM D907: Terminology of Adhesives
• ASTM B16/B16M: Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar, and Shapes
• ASTM B211: Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire
• ASTM B139/B139M: Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar, and Shapes
• AISI 1020 Steel specifications for steel test materials

These related standards ensure proper material selection and rigorous testing protocols, supporting robust evaluation of adhesive bonds across a variety of metal substrates.

Keywords: cleavage strength, metal-to-metal adhesive bonds, adhesive testing, ASTM D1062, adhesive comparison, quality control, materials testing, metal bonding, adhesive selection, industrial standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1062 − 08 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Cleavage Strength of Metal-to-Metal Adhesive Bonds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1062; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order to
ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the manufacturer
of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of the following
variables:
(1) Procedure for preparation of surfaces prior to application of the adhesive, the cleaning and
drying of metal surfaces, and special surface treatments such as sanding that are not specifically
limited by the pertinent test method.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive, including the rate of spread or thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one or both surfaces, and the conditions of
drying where more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure, and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. State whether this temperature is
that of the bond line or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
A range may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
parative cleavage properties of adhesive bonds when tested on 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
standard shape metal specimens under specified conditions of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
preparation and testing. It may be used also to compare responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
adhesives used with other metallic materials having any
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
specified surface treatment. mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Bonding Adhesives.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1062 – 08 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D1062-08R23. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1062 − 08 (2023)
A—Upper grip C—Lower grip
B—Pin connecting upper and lower grips D—Pin for attaching grip to specimen
mm 2.3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12.7 18.5 19 21 28 30 38 44
3 3 1 5 3 7 1 13 3 7 1 3 1 3
(in.) ( ⁄32) ( ⁄16) ( ⁄4) ( ⁄16) ( ⁄8) ( ⁄16) ( ⁄2) ( ⁄16) ( ⁄4) ( ⁄8) (1 ⁄8) (1 ⁄16) (1 ⁄2) (1 ⁄4)
FIG. 1 Details of Test Grips
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.1 contact failure, n—in characterizing the locus of an
2 adhesive joint failure, the lack of adhesive being in contact
2.1 ASTM Standards:
with the substrate.
B16/B16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Contact failure may be due to condi-
and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
tions such as uneven surfaces, poor pressure distribution, or
B133 Specification for Copper Rod, Bar, And Shapes (With-
3 insufficient adhesive in the bondline.
drawn 1994)
B139/B139M Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar,
4. Apparatus
and Shapes
B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy 4.1 Use a testing machine capable of maintaining the rate of
Rolled or Cold-Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire (Metric) loading specified in 8.2, and consisting essentially of the
B0211_B0211M following:
D907 Terminology of Adhesives 4.1.1 Fixed Member—A fixed or essentially stationary
member, carrying one grip.
2.2 Other Documents:
AISI 1020 Steel Code Tables 4.1.2 Movable Member, carrying a second grip.
4.1.3 Grips, for holding a test specimen between the fixed
3. Terminology
member and the movable member. The grips are of the
self-aligning type; that is, they shall be attached to the fixed
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms in this test method are
and movable member, respectively, in such a way that they will
d
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