ASTM D5854-96(2010)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties used to establish standard volumes, prices, and compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications. The treatment of samples from the time of collection until they are analyzed requires care and effort to maintain their compositional integrity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the handling, mixing, and conditioning procedures that are required to ensure that a representative sample of the liquid petroleum or petroleum product is delivered from the primary sample container/receiver into the analytical test apparatus or into intermediate containers.
1.2 Annex A2 covers acceptance test criteria for power mixer and sample container combinations, while Annex A3 and Annex A4 detail acceptance tests for mixing systems. Appendix X1 is a guide for selecting sample containers.
1.3 For sampling procedures, refer to Practices D4057 (API MPMS Chapter 8.1) and D4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2). Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) covers sampling and handling of light fuels for volatility measurement.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5854 − 96(Reapproved 2010)
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.3
Standard Practice for
Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5854; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Karl Fischer Titration
D5842Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
1.1 This practice covers the handling, mixing, and condi-
Volatility Measurement
tioning procedures that are required to ensure that a represen-
tative sample of the liquid petroleum or petroleum product is 2.2 API Documents:
MPMS Chapter 8.1Practice for Manual Sampling of Petro-
delivered from the primary sample container/receiver into the
analytical test apparatus or into intermediate containers. leum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)
MPMS Chapter 8.2Practice for Automatic Sampling of
1.2 Annex A2 covers acceptance test criteria for power
Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice
mixer and sample container combinations, while Annex A3
D4177)
and Annex A4 detail acceptance tests for mixing systems.
MPMS Chapter 8.4Practice for Sampling and Handling of
Appendix X1 is a guide for selecting sample containers.
FuelsforVolatilityMeasurement(ASTMPracticeD5842)
1.3 For sampling procedures, refer to Practices D4057 (API
MPMSChapter10.9TestMethodforWaterinCrudeOilsby
MPMS Chapter 8.1) and D4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2).
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration (ASTM Test Methods
PracticeD5842(API MPMSChapter8.4)coverssamplingand
D4928)
handling of light fuels for volatility measurement.
Recommended Practice 2003,Protection Against Ignitions
Arising Out of Static, Lighting, and Stray Currents
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Publication 2026,Safe Access/Egress Involving Floating
Roofs of Storage Tanks in Petroleum Service
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Publication 2217,Guideline for Confined SpaceWork in the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Petroleum Industry
2.3 Department of Transportation:
2. Referenced Documents
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49,Section 173
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4
2.4 Occupational Safety and Health Standards:
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
29 Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart Z, “Toxic and
Petroleum Products
Hazardous Substances,” Part 1910.1000 and following
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
D4306Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
3.1.1 intermediate container—the vessel into which all or
D4928Test Method forWater in Crude Oils by Coulometric
part of the sample from a primary container/receiver is
transferred for transport, storage, or ease of handling.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
3.1.2 petroleum—denotes petroleum crudes, as well as pe-
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum
troleum products, normally associated with the petroleum
Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02.08 the joint
industry.
ASTM-API committee on Sampling (API MPMS Chapter 8.0).
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5854–96(2005).
DOI: 10.1520/D5854-96R10.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
the ASTM website. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5854 − 96 (2010)
3.1.3 primary container/receiver—the vessel in which a 6.2.9 Containers used with closed loop mixers may be
sample is initially collected. equipped with a discharge line inside the container which has
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Examples of primary sample contain-
multipleoutletports.Anothermethodofachievingtheeffectof
ers include glass and plastic bottles, cans, and fixed and
multipledischargeportsistosplitthedischargestreamcoming
portable sample receivers.
from the mixing pump into two or more separate streams with
each having its own inlet into the sample container.
3.1.4 sampling—all the steps required to obtain a sample
that is representative of the contents of any pipe, tank, or other
6.2.10 Containers used with closed loop mixers should be
vessel, and to place that sample in a container from which a
equipped with a pressure/vacuum relief valve set so as not to
representative test specimen can be taken for analysis.
exceed the design pressure of the container. A pressure gage
3.1.5 test specimen—the representative sample taken from should also be provided.
the primary or intermediate sample container for analysis.
6.2.11 Containers used with closed loop mixers may have
multiple suction ports. As a minimum there should be one
4. Significance and Use
suction port at the lowest point in the container.
4.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum
6.3 Container Size:
products are required for the determination of chemical and
6.3.1 A general rule is that both primary and intermediate
physical properties used to establish standard volumes, prices,
andcompliancewithcommercialandregulatoryspecifications. containers should be large enough to hold the required sample
Thetreatmentofsamplesfromthetimeofcollectionuntilthey size within 80% of the total capacity to facilitate mixing and
are analyzed requires care and effort to maintain their compo-
to provide for thermal expansion.
sitional integrity.
6.3.2 The size of primary containers is determined from the
sampling operation as described in Practices D4057 (API
5. Safety and Health Precautions
MPMS Chapter 8.1) and D4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2).
5.1 In view of the potential health and safety hazards
6.3.3 The size of intermediate containers should be as large
associatedwiththehandlingandmixingofpetroleumsamples,
as practical to minimize surface tension effects with due
only qualified personnel should be involved.
consideration given to storage space requirements, shipping
5.2 All sample handling and mixing equipment should be
rules and regulations, costs, availability, and other practical
approved by the parties involved. All equipment should be
considerations.
installed, operated, and maintained in a manner to minimize
6.4 Container Material:
potential health and safety hazards.
6.4.1 Sample containers are normally made of glass, metal,
6. Sample Containers
or plastic. Exercise care in the selection of container material
as it could affect the test results obtained from the sample.
6.1 No single container type will meet requirements of all
Containers acceptable for samples to be tested immediately
petroleum sampling operations. The following are general
may not be acceptable for storage of sample.
design and construction considerations for sample containers.
6.4.2 Glasscontainersaresuitableformanysampletestand
6.2 Container Configuration:
storage requirements. Clear glass bottles may be examined
6.2.1 Containers should drain continuously toward the out-
visually for cleanliness and allow for visual inspection of the
let to ensure complete liquid withdrawal.
sample for free water or solid impurities. Some petroleum
6.2.2 Cylindrical containers are better suited for samples
that are to be tested for free water or sediment and water. samples are affected by exposure to sunlight if clear glass is
6.2.3 Containers should not have internal pockets or dead used. In these cases, brown glass bottles may afford the
spots.
necessary protection.
6.2.4 Internal surfaces of containers should minimize
6.4.3 Cans coated with tin must have seams that have been
corrosion, incrustation, water, and sediment clingage.
solderedontheexteriorsurfaceswithafluxofrosincleanedin
6.2.5 Container configuration should allow for the transfer
a suitable solvent. Such a flux is easily removed with gasoline,
of samples from one container to another or to the analytical
whereas many others are very difficult to remove. Minute
apparatus while maintaining the integrity of the sample’s
traces of flux may contaminate the sample so that results
composition.
obtained on tests such as dielectric strength, oxidation
6.2.6 Containers should have an inspection cover/closure/
resistance, and sludge formation may be erroneous. Exercise
cap of sufficient size to facilitate filling, inspection, and
care also to ensure that samples containing free or entrained
cleaning. A means of installing security seals should be
water are not corrosive to the metal. Internally epoxy-lined tin
provided.
cans may have residual contamination and precaution should
6.2.7 Containers should allow for the preparation of a
be taken to ensure its removal.
homogeneous mixture of the sample while preventing the loss
6.4.4 Cans made of stainless steel with welded seams are
of any constituents which affect the representativeness of the
suitableformanysamplingoperations.Otherthanensuringthe
sample and the accuracy of the analytical tests.
cleanliness, use of these containers presents no unusual con-
6.2.8 Containers should be made so as to avoid contamina-
tion from external water or other foreign material. cerns.
D5854 − 96 (2010)
6.4.5 Plasticbottlesmustbeofamaterialthatisimpervious 6.7.2 Depending on service, receivers used in conjunction
to attack from the sample. This is especially a consideration with automatic samplers may need to be washed with solvent
when using plastic for long term storage of certain petroleum between uses. In most applications, it is not desirable or
products. Clear plastic bottles are unsuitable for samples practical to wash these receivers using soap and water as
sensitive to light. outlined above for cans and bottles. The cleanliness and
integrity of all sample containers/receivers must be verified
6.4.6 When sampling aviation fuels, Practice D4306 should
prior to use.
be consulted for guidance on container selection.This practice
6.7.3 When sampling aviation fuel, Practice D4306 should
gives information on the types of containers that have been
be consulted for recommended cleaning procedures for con-
found satisfactory for tests to determine water separation,
tainers that are to be used in tests for determination of water
copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, thermal stability,
separation, copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, thermal
lubricity, and trace metal content.
stability, lubricity, and trace metal content.
6.4.7 Appendix X1 is a guide for selecting the material of
which sample containers may be made. It is impossible to
6.8 Labels:
cover all petroleum sampling container requirements;
6.8.1 Each sample container is to have a label attached to it
therefore, when questions arise as to a container’s suitability
which meets the requirements of the parties involved.
foragivenapplication,experienceandtestingshouldberelied
6.8.2 Fig.1isanexampleofalabelwhichshowsthetypical
upon.
informationneededtoproperlyidentifythesample.Inaddition
to this basic information, certain governmental agencies such
6.5 Container Closures:
as DOTand OSHAhave additional labeling requirements with
6.5.1 For glass bottles, stoppers or screw caps made of a
which personnel involved in the handling and shipping of
material that will not deteriorate or contaminate the sample
samples must be familiar.
may be used. Care must be used when using cork stoppers.
Situations where corks should not be used include liquids 6.9 Shipping Enclosures—Many sample containers require
wherelossoflightendsmayaffectthetest’sresultsandliquids special shipping enclosures before they can be transported
which are hydroscopic or which have a low water content fromthepointofcollection.Regulationscoveringthetransport
specification. Rubber stoppers should never be used. of samples should be consulted (see the Code of Federal
Regulations, Title 49, Section 173).
6.5.2 Cans and plastic bottles should be closed with screw
caps made of the same material as the container. Caps should
6.10 Storage and Disposal:
provide a vapor tight seal.
6.5.3 Screw caps for cans used to store or transport samples
must be protected by a disk faced with a material that will not
deteriorateorcontaminatethesample.Considerationofclosure
type is important for samples where vapor loss will affect the
test results.
6.6 Federal Container Requirements —In addition to the
requirements listed above, any sample container that contains
hazardous materials or the residue of hazardous material
offered for shipment or transportation by air, public roadway,
rail, or water, or any combination thereof, must meet the
requirements set forth in applicable regulations such as DOT
regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49,
Section 173.
6.7 Container Cleanliness:
6.7.1 Sample containers must be clean and free from all
substances which might contaminate the material being
sampled(suchaswater,dirt,lint,washingcompounds,naphtha
and other solvents, soldering fluxes, acids, rust, and oil). Prior
to further use, reusable containers such as cans and bottles
shouldberinsedwithasuitablesolvent.Useofsludgesolvents
toremovealltracesofsedimentsandsludgemaybenecessary.
Following the solvent wash, the container should be washed
with a strong soap solution, rinsed thoroughly with tap water,
and given a final rinse using distilled water. Dry the container
either by passing a current of clean warm air through the
container or by placing it in a hot dust-free cabinet at 40°C
(104°F) or higher. When dry, stopper or cap the container
immediately. Normally, it is not necessary to wash new
containers. FIG. 1 Typical Sample Label
D5854 − 96 (2010)
6.10.1 Except when being transferred, samples should be 7.2.4 It is recommended that a portion of each individual
maintained in a closed container in order to prevent loss of sample used in a composite be ret
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