ASTM D6137-97(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sulfuric Acid Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
Standard Test Method for Sulfuric Acid Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The results obtained by this test method can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining for surfaces in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems that will be exposed to hot unscrubbed flue gas or to scrubbed gas that has been reheated well above the water dew point.
3.1.1 This test method does not evaluate or correlate to areas within the scrubber or scrubbed gas streams at temperatures at or below the water dew point.
3.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the combined effects of heat and exposure to sulfuric acid upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. It does not produce the thermal gradient through the lining that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be affected by concurrent physical or mechanical effects and other chemicals that may be present in the flue gas.
3.3 This test method evaluates major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels that are cycled from room temperature to a designated elevated temperature.
3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired. Cycling to lower temperatures, including freezing, may be considered if applicable.
3.5 The standard acid concentration for all tests is 20 %, recognizing that the concentration will quickly rise to the equilibrium at the selected test temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the sulfuric acid resistance at elevated temperatures of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates subject to sulfuric acid attack.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Jul-2018
- Technical Committee
- D33 - Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
- Drafting Committee
- D33.09 - Protective Lining for Air Quality Control Systems
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2019
- Refers
ASTM D661-93(2019) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2019
- Refers
ASTM D660-93(2019) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2019
- Refers
ASTM D772-18 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2012
- Refers
ASTM D661-93(2011) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2011
- Refers
ASTM D660-93(2011) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2008
Overview
ASTM D6137-97(2018): Standard Test Method for Sulfuric Acid Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems establishes procedures to evaluate the resistance of polymer linings, applied to carbon steel substrates, against sulfuric acid attack at elevated temperatures. Developed by ASTM International, this test method is crucial for industries operating flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems where polymer lining durability is essential for long-term system performance and protection. The standard enables comparative testing of lining materials by subjecting them to controlled exposure cycles involving heat and sulfuric acid, thereby simulating key operational challenges.
Key Topics
- Sulfuric Acid Resistance: The primary focus is to determine the capability of polymer linings to withstand chemical attack by sulfuric acid under high-temperature conditions commonly found in FGD systems.
- Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Environments: The method addresses linings exposed to both unscrubbed hot gases and scrubbed gas reheated above the water dew point, representative of typical FGD operating conditions.
- Test Conditions: Panels are cycled between room temperature and elevated test temperatures, with recommended values of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C). A 20% sulfuric acid solution is the standard challenge environment.
- Failure Modes: Evaluation includes visual inspection for blistering, cracking, flaking, adhesion loss, and surface discoloration, helping pinpoint the main modes of premature lining failure.
- Panel Preparation and Testing: Test panels of carbon steel are prepared, coated, and subjected to standardized cycles of acid exposure and heating, ensuring reliable and reproducible results.
Applications
The ASTM D6137-97(2018) test method serves industries where polymer linings are critical to protect carbon steel structures from sulfuric acid corrosion, particularly in power generation, chemical processing, and air pollution control sectors. Typical applications include:
- Material Selection: Assists engineers and specifiers in comparing and selecting the most suitable polymer lining systems for FGD equipment such as absorbers, ducts, and storage tanks.
- Quality Assurance: Applies as a benchmark during product development, supplier qualification, and routine quality control to verify lining performance before field application.
- Predictive Maintenance: By understanding likely failure modes, plant operators can schedule maintenance and replacement to avoid unexpected shutdowns or environmental releases.
- Compliance: Supports organizations in meeting performance specifications for lining systems in regulated air quality and emission control systems.
Related Standards
Several ASTM test methods and practices are referenced within ASTM D6137-97(2018) to ensure comprehensive evaluation. These include:
- ASTM D714 - Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
- ASTM D772 - Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
- ASTM D1186 - Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings
- ASTM D1474 - Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings
- ASTM D4138 - Measurement of Dry Film Thickness by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means
- ASTM D4417 - Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
- ASTM D5162 - Discontinuity Testing of Nonconductive Protective Coating on Metallic Substrates
- SSPC VIS 1-89 and SSPC SP5 - Steel surface preparation standards
Practical Value
Adhering to ASTM D6137-97(2018) ensures that polymer linings specified and installed in FGD systems provide reliable resistance to sulfuric acid corrosion at elevated temperatures, safeguarding structural integrity, maintaining compliance, and protecting investments in air pollution control equipment. This standard is an essential reference for manufacturers, specifiers, engineers, and quality professionals engaged in the design, supply, and maintenance of acid-resistant polymer linings.
Keywords: ASTM D6137, sulfuric acid resistance, polymer linings, flue gas desulfurization, FGD, carbon steel, protective coatings, industrial standards, chemical resistance, high temperature, blistering, chemical exposure, lining performance.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D6137-97(2018) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Sulfuric Acid Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 The results obtained by this test method can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining for surfaces in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems that will be exposed to hot unscrubbed flue gas or to scrubbed gas that has been reheated well above the water dew point. 3.1.1 This test method does not evaluate or correlate to areas within the scrubber or scrubbed gas streams at temperatures at or below the water dew point. 3.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the combined effects of heat and exposure to sulfuric acid upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. It does not produce the thermal gradient through the lining that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be affected by concurrent physical or mechanical effects and other chemicals that may be present in the flue gas. 3.3 This test method evaluates major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels that are cycled from room temperature to a designated elevated temperature. 3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired. Cycling to lower temperatures, including freezing, may be considered if applicable. 3.5 The standard acid concentration for all tests is 20 %, recognizing that the concentration will quickly rise to the equilibrium at the selected test temperature. SCOPE 1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the sulfuric acid resistance at elevated temperatures of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates subject to sulfuric acid attack. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 The results obtained by this test method can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining for surfaces in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems that will be exposed to hot unscrubbed flue gas or to scrubbed gas that has been reheated well above the water dew point. 3.1.1 This test method does not evaluate or correlate to areas within the scrubber or scrubbed gas streams at temperatures at or below the water dew point. 3.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the combined effects of heat and exposure to sulfuric acid upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. It does not produce the thermal gradient through the lining that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be affected by concurrent physical or mechanical effects and other chemicals that may be present in the flue gas. 3.3 This test method evaluates major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels that are cycled from room temperature to a designated elevated temperature. 3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired. Cycling to lower temperatures, including freezing, may be considered if applicable. 3.5 The standard acid concentration for all tests is 20 %, recognizing that the concentration will quickly rise to the equilibrium at the selected test temperature. SCOPE 1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the sulfuric acid resistance at elevated temperatures of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates subject to sulfuric acid attack. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D6137-97(2018) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.040.99 - Other standards related to air quality. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D6137-97(2018) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D6137-97(2012), ASTM D4417-19, ASTM D661-93(2019), ASTM D660-93(2019), ASTM D772-18, ASTM A36/A36M-12, ASTM C868-02(2012), ASTM D661-93(2011), ASTM D772-86(2011), ASTM D660-93(2011), ASTM D4417-11, ASTM D714-02(2009), ASTM D1474-98(2008), ASTM D5162-08, ASTM C868-02(2008). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D6137-97(2018) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6137 − 97 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Sulfuric Acid Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas
Desulfurization Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6137; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
Paints
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the sulfuric acid
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
resistance at elevated temperatures of polymer linings applied
ing) of Exterior Paints
to carbon steel substrates subject to sulfuric acid attack.
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 3
a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic
and are not considered standard.
Coatings
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the D4138 Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Sectioning Means
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
D5162 Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of Non-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- conductive Protective Coating on Metallic Substrates
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.2 Steel Structures Painting Council Standards
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- SSPC VIS 1–89 Visual Standard
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
SSPC No. SP5 Blast Cleaning to White Metal
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 The results obtained by this test method can be used in
combination with other test methods for the selection of a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lining for surfaces in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
that will be exposed to hot unscrubbed flue gas or to scrubbed
C868 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Protective
gas that has been reheated well above the water dew point.
Linings (Withdrawn 2015)
3.1.1 Thistestmethoddoesnotevaluateorcorrelatetoareas
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
within the scrubber or scrubbed gas streams at temperatures at
Exterior Paints
or below the water dew point.
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
Exterior Paints
3.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the combined
effects of heat and exposure to sulfuric acid upon a lining
system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. It does not
produce the thermal gradient through the lining that may exist
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 on
ProtectiveCoatingandLiningWorkforPowerGenerationFacilitiesandisthedirect
in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be
responsibility of Subcommittee D33.09 on Protective Lining forAir Quality Control
affected by concurrent physical or mechanical effects and other
Systems.
chemicals that may be present in the flue gas.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
approved 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6137 – 97 (2012). DOI:
3.3 This test method evaluates major failure modes of
10.1520/D6137-97R18.
linings applied to square test panels that are cycled from room
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM temperature to a designated elevated temperature.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
theASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,
www.astm.org. Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http://www.sspc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6137 − 97 (2018)
3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) centered on the panel and shall be done as soon as practical
and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating without damage to the lining.
zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other
5.3 Specimen Measurements:
temperatures may be evaluated as desired. Cycling to lower
5.3.1 Determinethethicknessoftheliningmaterialusingan
temperatures, including freezing, may be considered if appli-
appropriate dry-film thickness gage in accordance with Test
cable.
Methods D1186. Thickness measurements shall be done on a
3.5 The standard acid concentration for all tests is 20 %,
grid of 2 in. in both directions starting at a point 1 in. (2.5 cm.)
recognizing that the concentration will quickly rise to the
from the side and 1 in. from the top of the panel. The sixteen
equilibrium at the selected test temperature.
individual readings and average thickness shall be recorded.
5.3.2 Test the lined surface for holidays in accordance with
4. Apparatus
Practice D5162. Mark the exact location of any holidays. If the
panel will be scribed, perform the holiday test before scribing.
4.1 ForcedAirCirculationOven,capableofmaintainingthe
Repair the holidays in accordance with the lining manufactur-
selected test temperature 64 F° (2C°). Note that acid fumes
er’s recommendations or prepare a new panel.
may damage the oven and a drip pan and protective shroud
may be needed.
5.4 Conditioning of Test Panels:
5.4.1 Condition test panels for a period of 7 days at 73 6
4.2 RackorStand, to support the test panels vertically in the
4°F (23 6 2°C). Additional conditioning of test panels,
oven while maintaining a distance of at least 1 in. (25 mm)
including longer cure times or elevated cure temperature, may
between the panels and between the panels and oven walls.
be conducted if specified. Conditioning time and temperature
shall be recorded and stated in the test report.
5. Test Specimen
5.1 Substrate:
6. Procedure
5.1.1 Test panels shall be new commercial quality, carbon
6.1 Preheat the oven to the required test temperature of
steel conforming to Specification A36/A36M. Panels shall be a
200°F (93°C) or 350°F (177°C) unless otherwise specified.
minimum of ⁄4-in. (6-mm) thick, and 8-in. (200-mm) square,
and shall have their edges broken or radiused i
...
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