ASTM C862-02(2008)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is used to standardize mixing, mold conditions, placement and curing of refractory concrete specimens to be used for testing and evaluation under other test methods.
This practice standardizes laboratory conditions for producing refractory concrete specimens to minimize laboratory-to-laboratory variation and does not attempt to duplicate the conditions of field installations.
This practice can be used for the preparation of specimens used in referee testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the mixing, casting and curing of monolithic refractory concrete specimens for use in further testing. It does not apply to monolithic castable refractories intended primarily for gunning applications.
1.2 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 Various specimen sizes are required for specific test methods. Refer to these test methods to determine the size and number of specimens, which will be required from the sample.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C862 − 02(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope laboratory-to-laboratory variation and does not attempt to
duplicate the conditions of field installations.
1.1 This practice covers the mixing, casting and curing of
monolithic refractory concrete specimens for use in further 3.3 This practice can be used for the preparation of speci-
testing. It does not apply to monolithic castable refractories mens used in referee testing.
intended primarily for gunning applications.
4. Apparatus and Conditions
1.2 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Laboratory Conditions—The laboratory ambient should
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
be controlled between 70 and 80°F (20 and 27°C) and from 40
information only.
to 60% relative humidity for preconditioning materials and
1.3 Various specimen sizes are required for specific test
equipment, batching and mixing casting test specimens, strip-
methods. Refer to these test methods to determine the size and
ping molds, and testing specimens. Report laboratory tempera-
number of specimens, which will be required from the sample.
ture and relative humidity with physical test results if other
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
than specified.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Balances—Appropriately sized scales having a sensitiv-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ity of 0.2% of the related batch size.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.3 Castable Mixers—An electrically operated mechanical
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mixer (Fig. 1) may be used for preparing castable batches for
3 3 3
casting specimens.A2-ft (56.6-dm ) mixing bowl or a 2 ⁄2-ft
2. Referenced Documents
(70.8-dm ) concrete mixer has sufficient capacity to mix about
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1ft of refractory castable. The smallest batches required for
C133Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
casting 1-in. (25-mm) square bars can be mixed in a 0.10-ft
lus of Rupture of Refractories
(2.83-dm ) bowl available with bench mixers. Size mixing
C192/C192MPracticeforMakingandCuringConcreteTest
bowl to contain from 50 to 75% volume loading with the dry
Specimens in the Laboratory
batch.
NOTE 1—Castable water requirement variation becomes more signifi-
3. Significance and Use
cant as dry volume loadings drop below 40% because the water required
3.1 This practice is used to standardize mixing, mold
to wet the bowl surfaces changes more rapidly with decreasing volume
conditions, placement and curing of refractory concrete speci- loadings.
mens to be used for testing and evaluation under other test
4.4 GangMolds—Metal,twoormoresets,asshowninFigs.
methods.
2 and 3, for casting specimens to the size required for specific
3.2 This practice standardizes laboratory conditions for physical property testing (see Note 8). The front plate of the
mold illustrated is held in place by quick-release clamps
producing refractory concrete specimens to minimize
(50-lbf (222-N) pull exerted by each clamp) that permit
emptyingthemoldbyreleasingtheclampsandtappingtheleft
endofthefrontplate,therebypartingalloftheseparatorplates
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC08onRefractories
and loosening the cast-test specimens.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C862–02. DOI:
10.1520/C0862-02R08. Mixers having various capacities are available from the Hobart Manufacturing
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Co., Troy, OH and have been found to be suitable for this purpose.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM A list of materials and notes on construction of the 9-in. (230 mm) straight-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on brick gang molds are available at a nominal charge from the Orton Refractory
the ASTM website. Research Center, Westerville, Ohio.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C862 − 02 (2008)
4.5 Calipers—Suitable for measuring internal longitudinal
mold dimensions and subsequent specimen length size to the
nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).
4.6 Mold Lubricant—Either paraffin or silicone-based oils
can be used as a release or parting agent for coating molds.
Other mold lubricants such as vegetable oils and petroleum-
based oils can be used.
4.7 Strike-Off Bar—20-in. (510-mm) length of steel bar
1 3
stock, 1 ⁄2by ⁄16in. (38 by 5 mm).
4.8 Thermometer—Digital or dial-type, metal, with a range
from 0 to 180°F (−18 to 80°C).
4.9 Timer—Signal-type, for periods up to 5 min. (A stop
watch may be used.)
4.10 Trowels—6 in. pointing and 2 by 6 in. (51 by 152 mm)
square, and a 10-in. (254-mm) stainless-steel spatula.
FIG. 1 Five Quart Hobart Mixer
4.11 Oven—For curing and drying, preferably forced draft
rather than natural convection, with a capacity to hold a
minimum of one sample group of specimens (12 by 12 by 12
in.) (30 by 30 by 30-mm).
4.12 Heavy Rubber Gloves—For castables containing metal
fibers.
4.13 Scoop—For transferring the castable from the mixer to
the mold more easily.
4.14 Vibration Table—For use in 6.4.2.
4.15 Sample Splitters—The sample splitter opening shall be
a minimum of 3 times the maximum grain size.
4.16 Mixing Box—Box of suitable size and strength to hand
mix lightweight castable. Inside surface of box should not be
water absorbent. Fig. 4 is a possible solution.
4.17 Hoe—Hand-held hoe for mixing lightweight castable.
4.18 Humidity Cabinet—A cabinet capable maintaining a
relative humidity of greater then 95% within 90-95°F (32-
35°C) is optional.
5. Sampling
5.1 Asufficientamountofdrycastableshouldbebatchedto
overfill the gang molds by at least a 10%. This should
eliminate the use of both trailings and scrapings of wet
castable.
5.2 Atthetimeofuse,thedrysampleshouldbebetween70
and 80°F (20 and 27°C). Measure the temperature (Note 2)by
inserting the full length of the thermometer stem into the
material until the reading is constant. Record and report with
physical test results.
FIG. 2 Five-Brick Gang Mold for Castable Refractories
NOTE 2—It is recommended that in referee tests involving more than
one laboratory, the temperature of the dry refractory concrete mix and
4.4.1 Asanalternativedesignfor1in.(25-mm)squarebars,
mixing water be within the specified range, in all laboratories.
individual molds may be constructed out of 16-gage (1.588-
mm) stainless-steel sheet and ganged in groups of five with a
large rubber band on a glass base-plate.
While there is no current specification for vibration table, ASTM C08
4.4.2 There are commercially available molds from con-
recognizes that the frequency and amplitude of the vibration table can affect the
crete testing suppliers and other sources. Molds may be
degreeofconsolidationofthesample.Currentpracticeistouseanelectricvibration
reusableorforsingleuse.Moldsmustbewatertight,rigid,and
table,whichatleasthasagenerallyfixedfrequencybytheelectricmotorandtheAC
removable. current.
C862 − 02 (2008)
Metric Equivalents
1 1 5 3 1 5 3 1 9 5 11
in. ⁄32 ⁄8 ⁄32 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16
mm 0.8 3 4 5 6 8 10 13 14 16 17
7 3 1 1 5 3 1 3
in. ⁄8 1 ⁄16 1 ⁄2 2 ⁄2 2 ⁄8 3 ⁄16 4 4 ⁄2 9 14 ⁄4
mm 22 30 38 65 67 81 102 114 230 375
1 1 1
NOTE 1—Sizes other than 9-in. straights commonly used for physical testing are: 2 ⁄2 by 4 ⁄2by 4 ⁄2in. (65 by 114 by 114 mm); 2 by 2 by 7 or 9 in.
1 1 1
(51 by 51 by 178 or 230 mm); 1 ⁄2by 1 ⁄2by 4 ⁄2in. (38 by 38 by 114 mm); or 1 by 1 by 6 or 7 in. (25 by 25 by 152 or 178 mm). Dimensions are in
inches.
FIG. 3 Detail Drawing for Gang Mold
NOTE 1—Dimensions are in inches.
FIG. 4 Mixing Box
5.3 The contents of the container should be thoroughly sample splitter to obtain a representative sample of the desired
mixed dry prior to water addition. When less than a full bag is
size. Take precautions to prevent segregation.
required, reduce the contents of the sample container with a
C862 − 02 (2008)
NOTE 3—When the castable mix consists of more than one bag or
spading at close intervals with a square trowel or spatula held
container, the contents should be combined and mixed thoroughly before
vertically, and with the blade turned to form an angle of 45°
being quartered.
with the side of the mold. Spade along the length and then
reverse the 45° angle for the next pass along the mold. Fill the
6. Molding Test Specimens
moldswithanexcessofthemixandrepeatthetrowels
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 862–01 Designation:C 862–02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the mixing, casting and curing of monolithic refractory concrete specimens for use in further testing.
It does not apply to monolithic castable refractories intended primarily for gunning applications.
1.2 Thevaluesgivenininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformation
only.
1.3 Various specimen sizes are required for specific test methods. Refer to these test methods to determine the size and number
of specimens, which will be required from the sample.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice is used to standardize mixing, mold conditions, placement and curing of refractory concrete specimens to be
used for testing and evaluation under other test methods.
3.2 This practice standardizes laboratory conditions for producing refractory concrete specimens to minimize laboratory-to-
laboratory variation and does not attempt to duplicate the conditions of field installations.
3.3 This practice can be used for the preparation of specimens used in referee testing.
4. Apparatus and Conditions
4.1 Laboratory Conditions—The laboratory ambient should be controlled between 70 and 80°F (20 and 27°C) and from 40 to
60%relativehumidityforpreconditioningmaterialsandequipment,batchingandmixingcastingtestspecimens,strippingmolds,
and testing specimens. Report laboratory temperature and relative humidity with physical test results if other than specified.
4.2 Balances—Appropriately sized scales having a sensitivity of 0.2% of the related batch size.
4.3 Castable Mixers—An electrically operated mechanical mixer (Fig. 1) may be used for preparing castable batches for
3 3 3 3
casting specimens.A2-ft (56.6-dm ) mixing bowl or a 2 ⁄2-ft (70.8-dm ) concrete mixer has sufficient capacity to mix about 1
3 3 3
ft ofrefractorycastable.Thesmallestbatchesrequiredforcasting1-in.(25-mm)squarebarscanbemixedina0.10-ft (2.83-dm )
bowl available with bench mixers. Size mixing bowl to contain from 50 to 75% volume loading with the dry batch.
NOTE 1—Castable water requirement variation becomes more significant as dry volume loadings drop below 40% because the water required to wet
the bowl surfaces changes more rapidly with decreasing volume loadings.
4.4 Gang Molds—Metal, two or more sets, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, for casting specimens to the size required for specific
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C08 on Refractories , and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithic Refractories.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2001. Published May 2001. Originally published as C862–77. Last previous edition C862–91(1997).
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories , and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C862–02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Mixers having various capacities are available from the Hobart Manufacturing Co., Troy, OH and have been found to be suitable for this purpose.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 862–02 (2008)
FIG. 1 Five Quart Hobart Mixer
FIG. 2 Five-Brick Gang Mold for Castable Refractories
physical property testing (see Note 8). The front plate of the mold illustrated is held in place by quick-release clamps (50-lbf
(222-N) pull exerted by each clamp) that permit emptying the mold by releasing the clamps and tapping the left end of the front
plate, thereby parting all of the separator plates and loosening the cast-test specimens.
Mixers having various capacities are available from the Hobart Manufacturing Co., Troy, OH and have been found to be suitable for this purpose.
Alistofmaterialsandnotesonconstructionofthe9-in.(230mm)straight-brickgangmoldsareavailableatanominalchargefromtheOrtonRefractoryResearchCenter,
Westerville, Ohio.
C 862–02 (2008)
Metric Equivalents
1 1 5 3 1 5 3 1 9 5 11
in. ⁄32 ⁄8 ⁄32 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16
mm 0.8 3 4 5 6 8 10 13 14 16 17
7 3 1 1 5 3 1 3
in. ⁄8 1 ⁄16 1 ⁄2 2 ⁄2 2 ⁄8 3 ⁄16 4 4 ⁄2 9 14 ⁄4
mm 22 30 38 65 67 81 102 114 230 375
1 1 1
NOTE 1—Sizes other than 9-in. straights commonly used for physical testing are: 2 ⁄2 by 4 ⁄2 by 4 ⁄2 in.(65by114by114mm);2by2by7or9
1 1 1
in. (51 by 51 by 178 or 230 mm); 1 ⁄2 by 1 ⁄2 by 4 ⁄2 in. (38 by 38 by 114 mm); or 1 by 1 by 6 or 7 in. (25 by 25 by 152 or 178 mm). Dimensions
are in inches.
FIG. 3 Detail Drawing for Gang Mold
4.4.1 As an alternative design for 1 in. (25-mm) square bars, individual molds may be constructed out of 16-gage (1.588-mm)
stainless-steel sheet and ganged in groups of five with a large rubber band on a glass base-plate.
4.4.2 There are commercially available molds from concrete testing suppliers and other sources. Molds may be reusable or for
single use. Molds must be water tight, rigid, and removable.
4.5 Calipers—Suitableformeasuringinternallongitudinalmolddimensionsandsubsequentspecimenlengthsizetothenearest
0.01 in. (0.25 mm).
4.6 Mold Lubricant—Either paraffin or silicone-based oils can be used as a release or parting agent for coating molds. Other
mold lubricants such as vegetable oils and petroleum-based oils can be used.
1 3
4.7 Strike-Off Bar—20-in. (510-mm) length of steel bar stock, 1 ⁄2 by ⁄16 in. (38 by 5 mm).
4.8 Thermometer—Digital or dial-type, metal, with a range from 0 to 180°F (−18 to 80°C).
4.9 Timer—Signal-type, for periods up to 5 min. (A stop watch may be used.)
4.10 Trowels—6 in. pointing and 2 by 6 in. (51 by 152 mm) square, and a 10-in. (254-mm) stainless-steel spatula.
4.11 Oven—For curing and drying, preferably forced draft rather than natural convection, with a capacity to hold a minimum
of one sample group of specimens (12 by 12 by 12 in.) (30 by 30 by 30-mm.).
4.12 Heavy Rubber Gloves—For castables containing metal fibers.
4.13 Scoop—For transferring the castable from the mixer to the mold more easily.
4.14 Vibration Table—For use in 6.4.2.
Alistofmaterialsandnotesonconstructionofthe9-in.(230mm)straight-brickgangmoldsareavailableatanominalchargefromtheOrtonRefractoryResearchCenter,
Westerville, Ohio.
C 862–02 (2008)
4.15 Sample Splitters—The sample splitter opening shall be a minimum of 3 times the maximum grain size.
4.16 MixingBox—Boxofsuitablesizeandstrengthtohandmixlightweightcastable.Insidesurfaceofboxshouldnotbewater
absorbent. Fig. 4 is a possible solution.
4.17 Hoe—Hand-held hoe for mixing lightweight castable.
4.18 Humidity Cabinet—Acabinet capable maintaining a relative humidity of greater then 95% within 90-95°F (32-35°C) is
optional.
5. Sampling
5.1 Asufficient amount of dry castable should be batched to overfill the gang molds by at least a 10%. This should eliminate
the use of both trailings and scrapings of wet castable.
5.2 At the time of use, the dry sample should be between 70 and 80°F (20 and 27°C). Measure the temperature (Note 2) by
inserting the full length of the thermometer stem into the material until the reading is constant. Record and report with physical
test results.
NOTE 2—It is recommended that in referee tests involving more than one laboratory, the temperature of the dry refractory concrete mix and mixing
water be within the specified range, in all laboratories.
5.3 The contents of the container should be thoroughly mixed dry prior to water addition.When less than a full bag is required,
reduce the contents of the sample container with a sample splitter to obtain a representative sample of the desired size. Take
precautions to prevent segregation.
NOTE 3—When the castable mix consists of more than one bag or container, the contents should be combined and mixed thoroughly before being
quartered.
6. Molding Test Specimens
6.1 Water Addition—Determine the amount of water to be used in the mix for casting test specimens in accordance with the
manuf
...
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