ASTM B636/B636M-15(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings with the Spiral Contractometer
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings with the Spiral Contractometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The spiral contractometer, properly used, will give reproducible results (see 9.5) over a wide range of stress values. Internal stress limits with this method can be specified for use by both the purchaser and the producer of plated or electroformed parts.
5.2 Plating with large tensile stresses will reduce the fatigue strength of a product made from high-strength steel. Maximum stress limits can be specified to minimize this. Other properties affected by stress include corrosion resistance, dimensional stability, cracking, and peeling.
5.3 In control of electroforming solutions, the effects of stress are more widely recognized, and the control of stress is usually necessary to obtain a usable electroform. Internal stress limits can be determined and specified for production control.
5.4 Internal stress values obtained by the spiral contractometer do not necessarily reflect the internal stress values found on a part plated in the same solution. Internal stress varies with many factors, such as coating thickness, preparation of substrate, current density, and temperature, as well as the solution composition. Closer correlation is achieved when the test conditions match those used to coat the part.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of the spiral contractometer for measuring the internal stress of metallic coatings as produced from plating solutions on a helical cathode. The test method can be used with electrolytic and autocatalytic deposits.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B636/B636M − 15 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings
1
with the Spiral Contractometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B636/B636M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 internalstress—thenetstressthatremainsinadeposit
whenitisfreefromexternalforces.Theinternalstresstendsto
1.1 This test method covers the use of the spiral contracto-
compress or stretch the deposits.
meter for measuring the internal stress of metallic coatings as
3.1.3 tensile stress (+)—stress that tends to cause a deposit
produced from plating solutions on a helical cathode. The test
to contract.
method can be used with electrolytic and autocatalytic depos-
its.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
4.1 The test method of measuring stress with the spiral
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
contractometer is based on plating on the outside of a helix.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
The helix is formed by winding a strip around a cylinder,
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
followed by annealing. In operation, one end of the helix is
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
fixedandtheotherisallowedtomoveasstressesdevelop.The
with the standard.
free end is attached to an indicating needle through gears that
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
magnify the movement of the helix.As the helix is plated, the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
stress in the deposit causes the helix to wind more tightly or to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
unwind, depending on whether the stress is compressive (−) or
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tensile (+). From the amount of needle deflection and other
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
data, the internal stress is calculated.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 With instrument modifications, the movement of the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
helixcanbemeasuredelectronicallyinsteadofmechanicallyas
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
described in 4.1.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Significance and Use
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 The spiral contractometer, properly used, will give
2. Referenced Documents
reproducible results (see 9.5) over a wide range of stress
values. Internal stress limits with this method can be specified
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for use by both the purchaser and the producer of plated or
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
electroformed parts.
ASTM Test Methods
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
5.2 Platingwithlargetensilestresseswillreducethefatigue
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
strengthofaproductmadefromhigh-strengthsteel.Maximum
stresslimitscanbespecifiedtominimizethis.Otherproperties
3. Terminology
affected by stress include corrosion resistance, dimensional
stability, cracking, and peeling.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 compressive stress (−)—stress that tends to cause a
5.3 In control of electroforming solutions, the effects of
deposit to expand.
stress are more widely recognized, and the control of stress is
usuallynecessarytoobtainausableelectroform.Internalstress
limits can be determined and specified for production control.
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ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB08onMetallic
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.10 on
5.4 Internal stress values obtained by the spiral contracto-
Test Methods.
meterdonotnecessarilyreflecttheinternalstressvaluesfound
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
onapartplatedinthesamesolution.Internalstressvarieswith
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B636–15. DOI:
10.1520/B0636_B0636M-15R21. many factors, such as coating thickness, preparation of
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B636/B636M − 15 (2021)
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