ASTM F2571-15(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of these tests are to provide valid and repeatable methods for the evaluation of fitness equipment assembled and maintained according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Use of these test methods in conjunction with Specification F2276 is intended to maximize the reliability of fitness equipment design and reduce the risk of serious injury resulting from design deficiencies.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatus used for testing and evaluating fitness equipment for compliance to Specification F2276. Both design and operational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable, accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will be used and referenced.
1.2 It is the intent of this standard to specify test methods for fitness products for use by individuals age 13 and above.
1.3 Requirements—Fitness Equipment is to be tested for all of the following parameters:
1.3.1 Stability.
1.3.2 Edge and Corner Sharpness.
1.3.3 Tube Ends and Holes.
1.3.4 Function of Adjustments and Locking Mechanisms.
1.3.5 Handgrip Design and Retention.
1.3.6 Foot Supports.
1.3.7 Load Development and Transmitting Systems.
1.3.8 Chain and Gear Drive Design.
1.3.9 Entrapment Zones and Guarding.
1.3.10 Loading:
1.3.10.1 Intrinsic Loading.
1.3.10.2 Extrinsic Loading.
1.3.10.3 Handlebar Loading.
1.3.10.4 Endurance Loading.
(1) Seat frame endurance loading.
1.3.11 Switch and switch actuation mechanism endurance.
1.3.12 Electrical Guarding.
1.3.13 Maximum Surface Temperature.
1.3.14 Documentation and Warnings Verification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2571 − 15 (Reapproved 2020) An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of
Fitness Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of these tests is to provide reliable and repeatable methods for the evaluation of fitness
equipment. The equipment users must recognize, however, that conformance to a standard will not
necessarily prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment
involves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is not maintained or used properly.
1. Scope 1.3.13 Maximum Surface Temperature.
1.3.14 Documentation and Warnings Verification.
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatus
used for testing and evaluating fitness equipment for compli- 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ance to Specification F2276. Both design and operational standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
used and referenced.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.2 Itistheintentofthisstandardtospecifytestmethodsfor
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fitness products for use by individuals age 13 and above.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.3 Requirements—Fitness Equipment is to be tested for all
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of the following parameters:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.3.1 Stability.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3.2 Edge and Corner Sharpness.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3.3 Tube Ends and Holes.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3.4 Function of Adjustments and Locking Mechanisms.
1.3.5 Handgrip Design and Retention.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3.6 Foot Supports.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3.7 Load Development and Transmitting Systems.
F1749Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-
1.3.8 Chain and Gear Drive Design.
cility Safety Signage and Labels
1.3.9 Entrapment Zones and Guarding.
F2276Specification for Fitness Equipment
1.3.10 Loading:
2.2 European Standards:
1.3.10.1 Intrinsic Loading.
EN 957-1Stationary Training Equipment - Part 1: General
1.3.10.2 Extrinsic Loading.
Safety Requirements and Test Methods
1.3.10.3 Handlebar Loading.
2.3 UL Standards:
1.3.10.4 Endurance Loading.
UL1439StandardforSafetyTestforSharpnessofEdgeson
(1) Seat frame endurance loading.
Equipment
1.3.11 Switch and switch actuation mechanism endurance.
1.3.12 Electrical Guarding.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the direct responsibility the ASTM website.
of Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products. Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2020. Published January 2021. Originally Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F2571–15. DOI: Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,
10.1520/F2571-15R20. Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2571 − 15 (2020)
FIG. 1 Tilt Test Illustation Represents Testing the Verticle Knee Raise Station
UL 1647Motor-Operated Massage and Exercise Machines 5. Certification
UL 60335 Standard for Safety of Household and Similar
5.1 These test methods permit self-certification. It is recom-
Electrical Appliances
mended that each manufacturer employ an independent labo-
2.4 ANSI Standards:
ratory to evaluate and validate that their designs and test
ANSI B29.1Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains,
procedures conform and comply to these test methods and
Attachments and Sprockets
Specification F2276.
3. Terminology
6. Sample Preparation
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.1 Assemble and adjust the fitness equipment according to
3.1.1 breakage, n—separation or damage to the structure or
the manufacturer’s instructions. On machines that are fully
components such that they will no longer support the applied
assembled, verify according to the manufacturer’s instructions
load.
that all components are functioning and that they have been
3.1.2 user means, n—portion of the fitness equipment that
adjusted and aligned properly. Unless otherwise stated, the
the user operates to perform the desired function of the
machinemustpassthetestswithoutadjustmentfromthisinitial
machine. Examples include handles, lifting arms and rollers.
condition.
6.2 The individual test methods will describe any variations
4. Significance and Use
or modifications that are allowed or are required to the test
4.1 The purpose of these tests are to provide valid and
sample.
repeatable methods for the evaluation of fitness equipment
assembled and maintained according to the manufacturer’s
7. Test Methods and Procedures
specifications. Use of these test methods in conjunction with
7.1 Stability:
Specification F2276 is intended to maximize the reliability of
7.1.1 Fitness equipment that is designed for the user to
fitness equipment design and reduce the risk of serious injury
maintain balance as part of its function is not required to meet
resulting from design deficiencies.
the stability test (that is, a balance board is not tested for
stability).
7.1.2 Fitnessequipmentshallbetestedwithandwithoutthe
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. simulated user load in the orientation that is least stable.
F2571 − 15 (2020)
7.1.3 Apparatus and Set-Up—Refer to Fig. 1. Place sample 7.2.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—The sample shall be set up as
on a non-skid surface inclined at 10° in the orientation that is described in 6.1.
least stable. The sample shall rest on the supporting surface 7.2.3 Calibration—Calibratesharp-edgetesterperUL1439.
without anchoring unless the installation instructions for the 7.2.4 Procedure—Examine the accessible areas by visual
machinerequirethatthesamplebeanchoredtothefloor.Ifthis
and tactile means to ensure all parts are burr-free, rounded or
is the case, then anchor the specimen per the manufacturer’s otherwise insufficiently sharp to constitute a risk of injury.
recommendations. Determine how the user is placed on the
Wherever there may be uncertainty as to the sharpness of an
machine to perform the exercise (that is, seated, standing, or edge, use the edge tester and conduct the test per UL 1439.
prone) and then determine how the user’s body weight is
7.2.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—Use the pass fail criteria of UL
distributed onto the user support surfaces. For the simulated 1439 to determine if the sample passes this test.
use test, a method of applying a steady state load equal to the
7.2.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
maximumspecifiedusersweightor100kg(220lb),whichever
abouteithertheprecisionorbiasofthetestforevaluatingsharp
is greater, simulating the user’s weight and its distribution in
edges since the test result is non-quantitative.
the vertical direction at the point(s) of user contact must be
7.3 Corner Sharpness:
provided. As an example, for a seated user, the user support
7.3.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample to ensure
surface shall be adjusted to the uppermost position (if adjust-
that all corners in the accessible areas are radiused or cham-
able) and the center of gravity of the load shall be positioned
fered.
approximatly 300 mm (12 in.) above the user support surface.
7.3.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—The sample shall be set up as
Possible methods of providing this load include but are not
described in 6.1.
limited to dead weights.
7.3.3 Calibration—No calibration required. Visual inspec-
7.1.4 Calibration—Using an angle measuring instrument
tion only.
accurate to within 0.1°, verify the non skid surface is 10 6
7.3.4 Procedure—Inspect all corners to verify that the cor-
0.5°. Calibrate the load measurement apparatus to confirm
ners have been radiused or chamfered.
accuracy to within 620 N (4.5 lb) at the specified load of the
7.3.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—All corners in the accessible area
maximum specified user weight or 100 kg (220 lb), whichever
shall be radiused or chamfered.
is greater.
7.3.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
7.1.5 Procedure—Test the sample as follows:
about either the precision or bias of the test for evaluating
7.1.5.1 If the equipment has a storage position that is
corners since the test result is non-quantitative.
different than the use position, place or adjust the machine into
7.4 Tube Ends and Non-Functional Holes:
thatposition.Withthetiltsurfaceinclinedto10°verifythatthe
7.4.1 Thistestisavisualinspectionoftheunittoensurethat
sample does not tip over.
alltubeendsandnon-functionalholesintheaccessibleareaare
7.1.5.2 Repositionthesampleintotheuseposition.Withthe
closed off. Holes smaller than 9.5 mm (0.37 in.) are excluded.
sample machine [no user load applied] positioned on the tilt
Seat or other adjustment holes are exempt from this test.
surface verify that the sample does not tip over with the tilt
7.4.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—The sample shall be set up as
surface inclined to 10°.
described in 6.1.
7.1.5.3 Using an appropriate load apparatus such as dead
7.4.3 Calibration—No calibration required. Visual inspec-
weights, distribute a vertical load equal to the maximum
tion only.
specified user weight or 100 kg (220 lb), whichever is greater
7.4.4 Procedure—Inspect all tube ends and surfaces in the
(65 %), in a non-impact manner to the specimen where the
accessible area to verify that the ends and non-functional holes
user contacts the machine during normal operation. [If only a
are closed off by other components, caps, plugs, or covers.
portion of the user’s body is supported by the machine during
7.4.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—All tube ends in the accessible
operation, the simulated user weight shall be decreased by the
area shall be closed off or the EN 957-1 test probe shall not be
appropriate amount.] Raise and support any adjustable devices
able to be inserted.
or other user means to simulate the furthest point in the range
7.4.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
of travel so that its orientation would cause the least stable
about either the precision or bias of the test for evaluating tube
condition as encountered during normal operation as shown in
end closure since the test result is non-quantitative.
Fig. 1. Verify that the sample does not tip over.
7.5 Adjustment and Locking Mechanism Function:
7.1.6 Pass/Fail Criteria—In none of the above test condi-
7.5.1 This test is a visual and physical inspection of the
tions shall the sample tip over.
adjustment or locking mechanisms, or both, used throughout
7.1.7 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
the sample. The purpose is to ensure that the design prevents
about either the precision or bias of the test for measuring
inadvertent disengagement, and that the adjustment or locking
stability since the test result is non-quantitative.
means do not interfere with the user’s operation of the
7.2 Edge Sharpness:
machine.
7.2.1 The purpose of this test is to verify that there are no 7.5.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—The sample shall be set up as
edges in the accessible area that would constitute a risk of described in 6.1. Obtain instructions or a descriptive explana-
injury. Where there is uncertainty, a sharp-edge tester as tion of the function of the adjustment or locking systems used
specified by UL 1439 is to be employed. on the sample from the manufacturer.
F2571 − 15 (2020)
7.5.3 Calibration—No calibration required. Visual and constrained against unintended movement along its longitudi-
function inspection only. nal axis. Examples of slip resistant materials include, but are
not limited to, textured plastic, rubber, foam, or vinyl. Repeat
7.5.4 Procedure:
the moisture slip test described above to each grip type.
7.5.4.1 Inspect each adjustment or locking point on the
7.6.4.3 Attachorpositiontheloadingmeanstothehandgrip
samplemachineandensurethatitpositivelylocksintoposition
with only enough pressure to ensure attachement to the grip.
and that it cannot be disengaged unless the retention system is
Scribe or mark the specimen to set a measurement reference
intentionally deactivated. Examples of positive retention de-
vices include, but are not limited to spring activated pins, point. Apply 90 N (20.2 lb) of force to the loading means for
5 min.
clamps or eccentric assemblies. Verify that each adjustment
and locking mechanism has a functioning positive retention 7.6.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—Handgrips that move by a dimen-
sionexceeding2mm(0.08in.)shallfailthetest.Handgripsnot
device.
constructed from slip resistant materials shall fail the test.
7.5.4.2 Perform the exercise as described in the operation
7.6.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
instructions and note the user’s body position relative to the
about either the precision or bias of the test for evaluating
adjustment or locking means. At no point during the user’s
handgrip design and retention since the test result is non-
range of movement shall the adjustment or locking means
quantitative.
interfereorlimitthemovementoftheuser’sbody.Thelocking
device shall not be inadvertently disengaged during use.
7.7 Foot Support Design:
During this observation consider the effects of users of differ-
7.7.1 Thistestisavisualandphysicalinspectionofthefoot
ent si
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