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ASTM F331-13(2020)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Solvent Extract from Aerospace Components (Using Flash Evaporator)

Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Solvent Extract from Aerospace Components (Using Flash Evaporator)

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of non-volatile matter, that is, residue on evaporation, in solvent extract from aerospace components, using a rotary flash evaporator. The summary of the test method, the apparatus for testing, reagents and materials for testing, and procedure for testing are all presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile matter, that is, residue on evaporation, in solvent extract from aerospace components, using a rotary flash evaporator.  
1.2 The procedure for extraction from components is described in practices such as Practice F303. Before subjecting the extract to the following method, it should be processed to remove the insoluble particulate in accordance with Practice F311 (Note 1). Particle count analysis of the removed particulate may then be performed in accordance with Test Method F312. If particulate is not removed from the extract prior to performing this method, this should be noted on the test report.
Note 1: Membrane filters with a maximum extractable content of 0.5 weight % should be used on samples to be processed by this test method. Conventional membranes contain 5 to 10 % extractables. For obtaining very low background levels, consideration should be given to using membranes without grid marks.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2020
ICS
49.035 - Components for aerospace construction
Technical Committee
E21 - Space Simulation and Applications of Space Technology
Drafting Committee
E21.05 - Contamination
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F331-13 - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Solvent Extract from Aerospace Components (Using Flash Evaporator)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM F311-08(2020) - Standard Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for Particulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Filters
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM F311-08(2013) - Standard Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for Particulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Filters
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Refers
ASTM F303-08 - Standard Practices for Sampling for Particles in Aerospace Fluids and Components
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008
Refers
ASTM F312-08 - Standard Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008
Refers
ASTM F311-08 - Standard Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for Particulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Filters
Effective Date
01-May-2008
Refers
ASTM D1193-06 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Refers
ASTM F303-02 - Standard Practices for Sampling for Particles in Aerospace Fluids and Components
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Refers
ASTM D1193-99 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Refers
ASTM D1193-99e1 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Refers
ASTM F311-97(2002) - Standard Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for Particulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Filters
Effective Date
10-Apr-1997
Refers
ASTM F312-97(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
Effective Date
10-Apr-1997
Refers
ASTM F312-97 - Standard Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
Effective Date
01-Jan-1997
Refers
ASTM F303-78(1996) - Standard Practices for Sampling Aerospace Fluids from Components
Effective Date
01-Jan-1996
Refers
ASTM F311-97 - Standard Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for Particulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Filters
Effective Date
01-Jan-1992

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ASTM F331-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Solvent Extract from Aerospace Components (Using Flash Evaporator)ASTM F331-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Solvent Extract from Aerospace Components (Using Flash Evaporator)
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ASTM F331-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Solvent Extract from Aerospace Components (Using Flash Evaporator)
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F331 − 13 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Nonvolatile Residue of Solvent Extract from Aerospace
Components (Using Flash Evaporator)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF331;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofnonvolatile 2.1 ASTM Standards:
matter, that is, residue on evaporation, in solvent extract from D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
aerospace components, using a rotary flash evaporator. F303 Practices for Sampling for Particles in Aerospace
Fluids and Components
1.2 The procedure for extraction from components is de-
F311 Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for
scribed in practices such as Practice F303. Before subjecting
Particulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Fil-
the extract to the following method, it should be processed to
ters
remove the insoluble particulate in accordance with Practice
F312 Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting
F311 (Note 1). Particle count analysis of the removed particu-
Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
late may then be performed in accordance with Test Method
2.2 IEST Standard:
F312. If particulate is not removed from the extract prior to
IEST-STD-1246D Product Cleanliness Levels and Contami-
performing this method, this should be noted on the test report.
nation Control Program
NOTE 1—Membrane filters with a maximum extractable content of 0.5
weight % should be used on samples to be processed by this test method.
3. Summary of Test Method
Conventional membranes contain 5 to 10 % extractables. For obtaining
3.1 A sample of fluid or the filtrate (Note 1) from a sample
very low background levels, consideration should be given to using
of extract from components is evaporated as necessary to
membranes without grid marks.
approximately 20 mLin a flash evaporator. The residue is then
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
transferred to a foil dish and the evaporation completed by
standard.
heating to a constant weight.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Oven, gravity convection provided with suitable ther-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mometer and a temperature range suitable for the solvent being
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
evaporated.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 Analytical Balance, single pan or magnetically damped
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
double pan.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
NOTE 2—Sensitivity shall be suitable to obtain the required precision
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
noted in 10.1.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.3 Evaporator, flash, batch-type.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on Space For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Simulation andApplications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F331 – 13. DOI: Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
10.1520/F0331-13R20. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F331 − 13 (2020)
4.4 Graduated Cylinder. 7. Procedure
4.5 Tongs or forceps, laboratory, for manipulating weighing 7.1 Determine sample volume (Note 4) using a clean
foil dishes. graduated cylinder. Transfer (Note 5) the sample to a clean
flashevaporatorflask.Assembletheapparatus.(Warning—Do
4.6 Desiccator, balance, to be placed in balance case.
NOT use stopcock grease on the glass joints of the evaporator
4.7 Desiccator, cooling with plate.
flask.) Fill the evaporation pan with water, turn on the
immersion heater, and adjust the temperature to approximately
4.8 Weighing Vessels,aluminumfoilweighingdishes.These
may be purchased pre-formed dishes or may be constructed 50 °C (Note 6). Turn on the cold water supply and adjust the
feed so that running water covers the entire outer surface of the
from clean aluminum foil.
cooling flask (Note 7). Start the flash evaporator motor and
4.9 Pressure Source, capable of providing 85 KPa (25-in.
operate at a pressure of 35 to 80 KPa (vacuum of 10- to 24-in.
Hg) for short interval.
Hg)(Note8).Continueuntilvolumeisreducedto10to20mL.
4.10 Distillation Apparatus, laboratory, all glass (required
NOTE 4—The solvent used for testing should be recorded with the
where solvents with sufficiently low residue are not available).
collected data for each sample.
Do not use grease or oil to lubricate glass joints.
NOTE 5—All transfers should be accomplished with a double-rinse,
usingthreealiquotsofatotalvolumeof20to25mL,whichistobeadded
5. Reagents and Materials
to the sample.
NOTE 6—Use a temperature that is appropriate for the solvent used, but
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
do not exceed the weighing vessel drying temperature in 6.2.
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
NOTE7—Insomemodelsofflashevaporatorsawater-cooledcondenser
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
is used instead of the cooling flask.
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society
NOTE 8—Lower pressure ranges
...

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4.1.1 Users of this practice may propose alternate spectra, subject to the approval of their CAA.  
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4.4 The flight load spectra, presented in Section 7, includes an adjustment (1.5 standard deviations) to the average measured load frequency. The adjustment accounts for the variability in the loading spectra experienced by individual aeroplanes, as well as across aeroplane types. The magnitude of the adjustment was selected to maintain the probability that a component will reach its safe-life without a detectable fatigue crack established by scatter factor (see paragraph 2–15 of AC 23-13A).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides data to develop simplified loading spectra that can be used to perform structural durability analysis for aeroplanes, specifically for wings of small aeroplanes. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. The information was created by focusing on Level 1, 2, 3, and 4 Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.  
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable civil aviation authorities, or CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 web page (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3205-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Small Punch Testing of Metallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The safety margins provided in the design for a component or structure can be reduced throughout its service life by aging. Aging is the process by which the physical and mechanical characteristics of component or structure materials change with time or use; this process may proceed by a single aging mechanism or a combination of several aging mechanisms.  
4.2 The term “safety margin” is used in a broad sense, meaning the safety state (that is, integrity and functional capability) of components in excess of their normal operational requirements (1).3  
4.3 The determination of mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of structural components is, hence, desirable for optimization of operating procedures and inspection intervals, as well as repair strategies and residual lifetime assessment. Current standardized mechanical tests require relatively large volumes of test material that cannot be extracted from in-service equipment without post-sampling removal repair (2).  
4.4 The need to obtain estimates of the mechanical properties of components without post-sampling removal repair has led to the development of small punch (SP) test techniques based on penetration/bulge tests of miniaturized test specimens (often disk-shaped, or square) (3, 4, 5). It can be considered as a quasi-nondestructive technique because of the very limited amount of material to be sampled. It is an efficient and cost-effective technique and has the potential to provide estimates of the material properties of the specific component, identifying the present state of damage and focusing on the most critical (most stressed, most damaged) locations in the component. Examples of empirical correlations that have been established between small punch test results and mechanical properties for specific classes of materials are provided in Appendix X1.  
4.5 This test method can be also used for identifying the most suitable ma...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for conducting the small punch deformation test for metallic materials. The results can be used to derive estimates of yield and tensile strength up to 450 °C, and estimates of the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature from the results of small punch bulge tests in the temperature range from -193 °C to 350 °C for iron based materials or 0.4 Tm for other metallic materials, where Tm is their melting temperature in K.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F311-08(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for Particulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Filters

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides for the processing of liquid samples obtained in accordance with Practice F302 and Practices F303. It will provide the optimum sample processing for visual contamination methods such as Method F312, and Test Method F314.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the processing of liquids in preparation for particulate contamination analysis using membrane filters and is limited only by the liquid-to-membrane filter compatibility.  
1.2 The practice covers the procedure for filtering a measured volume of liquid through a membrane filter. When this practice is used, the particulate matter will be randomly distributed on the filter surface for subsequent contamination analysis methods.  
1.3 The practice describes procedures to allow handling particles in the size range between 2 and 1000 μm with minimum losses during handling.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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