ASTM D7744/D7744M-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Films
Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Films
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The levels of tensile properties obtained when testing high performance polyethylene films are dependent on the age and history of the specimen and on the specific conditions used during the test. Among these conditions are rate of stretching, type of clamps, gauge length of specimen, temperature and humidity of the atmosphere, rate of airflow across the specimen, and temperature and moisture content of the specimen. Testing conditions accordingly are specified precisely to obtain reproducible test results on a specific sample.
5.2 Breaking force is used in engineering calculations when designing various types of products. When needed to compare intrinsic strength characteristics, films of different sizes or different types of film, breaking tenacity is very useful because, for a given type of film, breaking force is approximately proportional to linear density.
5.3 Elongation of film is taken into consideration in the design and engineering of reinforced products because of its effect on uniformity of the finished product and its dimensional stability during service.
5.4 The FASE is used to monitor changes in characteristics of the material during the various stages involved in the processing.
5.5 Modulus is a measure of the resistance of film to extension as a force is applied. Although modulus may be determined at any specified force, initial modulus is the value most commonly used.
5.6 Work-to-break is dependent on the relationship of force to elongation. It is a measure of the ability of a textile structure to absorb mechanical energy. Toughness at break is work-to-break per unit mass.
5.7 Shape, size, and internal construction of the end-product can have appreciable effect on product performance. It is not possible, therefore, to evaluate the performance of end product in terms of the reinforcing material alone.
5.8 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparat...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tensile testing of high performance polyethylene films. The methods include testing procedure only and include no specifications or tolerances.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard includes the following test methods:
Section
Breaking Force
11
Breaking Tenacity
12
Toughness at Break
17
Elongation at Break
13
Force at Specified Elongation (FASE)
14
Linear Density
10
Modulus
15
Work-to-Break
16
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7744/D7744M − 20
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7744/D7744M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.1 These test methods cover the tensile testing of high
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
performance polyethylene films. The methods include testing
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
procedure only and include no specifications or tolerances.
ber) by the Skein Method
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
Related Properties of Textiles
used independently of the other, and values from the two
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
systems shall not be combined.
Plastics Specimens
1.3 This standard includes the following test methods:
D7269/D7269M Test Methods forTensileTesting ofAramid
Section
Yarns
Breaking Force 11
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
Breaking Tenacity 12
ASTM Test Methods
Toughness at Break 17
Elongation at Break 13
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Force at Specified Elongation 14
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
(FASE)
Linear Density 10
Modulus 15
3. Terminology
Work-to-Break 16
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 high-performance polyethylene, n—a manufactured
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- fiber or film made of a polymer prepared by the polymerization
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
of ethylene as the sole monomer which has a minimum of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tenacity at break of 20 gpd.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—General–The following acronyms are
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
used to describe this category of fibers:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
UHMWPE – Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
HMPE – High modulus polyethylene
HPPE – High performance polyethylene
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Specific–For other definitions related to polyethylene
refer to Terminology D883.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2 film, n—in plastics, an optional term for sheeting
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
havinganominalthicknessnotgreaterthan0.25mm[0.01in.].
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
3.2 For definitions of terms related to force and deformation
1
in textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and
3.3 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
Metallic Reinforcements.
Current edition approved March 15, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally
breaking force, breaking tenacity, elongation, force at specified
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7744/D7744M–11.
elongation (FASE), force-elongation curve, force-extension
DOI: 10.1520/D7744_D7744M-20.
2 curve, modulus, toughness at break, and work-to-break.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.4 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Terminology D123.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7744/D7744M − 20
4. Summary of Test Method found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
4.1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7744/D7744M − 11 D7744/D7744M − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene
1
TapesFilms
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7744/D7744M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 TheThese test method coversmethods cover the tensile testing of high performance polyethylene tapes.films. The method
includesmethods include testing procedure only and includesinclude no specifications or tolerances.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard includes the following test methods:
Section
Breaking Strength (Force) 11
Breaking Force 11
Breaking Tenacity 12
Breaking Toughness 17
Toughness at Break 17
Elongation at Break 13
Force at Specified Elongation 14
(FASE)
Linear Density 10
Modulus 15
Work-to-Break 16
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
D7269/D7269M Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and Metallic
Reinforcements.
Current edition approved July 15, 2011March 15, 2020. Published September 2011April 2020. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
D7744/D7744M–11. DOI: 10.1520/D7744_D7744M–11.10.1520/D7744_D7744M-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7744/D7744M − 20
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 high-performance polyethylene, n—a polyethylene yarn or tape with a manufactured fiber or film made of a polymer
prepared by the polymerization of ethylene as the sole monomer which has a minimum of tenacity at break of minimally 1000
mN/tex [11 gpd].20 gpd.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
General–The following acronyms are used to describe this category of fibers:
UHMWPE – Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
HMPE – High modulus polyethylene
HPPE – High performance polyethylene
Specific–For other definitions related to polyethylene refer to Terminology D883.
3.1.2 tape,film, n—in highplastics, performance end-uses,an optional a flat, highly-oriented strip of polymer material.term for
sheeting having a nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm [0.01 in.].
3.2 Definitions:For definitions of terms related to f
...
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