ASTM F1502-94(1999)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Static Measurements on Tires for Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Medium Duty Vehicles
Standard Test Method for Static Measurements on Tires for Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Medium Duty Vehicles
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers methods for performing certain mechanical static measurements on tires. The term "static" implies that the tire is not rotating while measurements are being made.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F1502–94 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Static Measurements on Tires for Passenger Cars, Light
Trucks, and Medium Duty Vehicles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1502; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers methods for performing certain
mechanical static measurements on tires. The term “static”
implies that the tire is not rotating while measurements are
being made.
FIG. 1 Type C: Tread Contour with a Center-Low Oxbow
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
extreme; that is, from shoulder to shoulder perpendicular to the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
circumferential center line.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5 tread hardness, n—the hardness of an element in the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tread design as measured by a designated standard gage.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6 tread radius, n—the radius of a circle whose arc best
fits the tread surface when the radius template used is held
2.1 ASTM Standards:
perpendicular to the circumferential center line of an inflated
D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
tire.
Hardness
F 421 Test Method for Measuring Groove and Void Depth
4. Significance and Use
in Passenger Car Tires
4.1 Static measurements of tires are important to tire manu-
F 538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-
facturers, processing engineers, and vehicle design engineers
formance of Tires
for purposes of commerce (in consumer/vendor agreements)
F 870 Test Method for Tread Footprints of Passenger Car
and in tire research and development.
Tires Groove-Area Fraction and Dimensional Measure-
4.2 The procedures are sufficiently detailed to achieve
ments
commercially acceptable reproducibility among laboratories
F 1082 Practice for Tires—Determining Precision for Test
and may therefore be used for specification, compliance, or
Method Standards
reference purposes.
3. Terminology
4.3 Changes attributable to growth after inflation may be
obtained by comparing measurements made immediately after
3.1 Definitions:
inflation with those made 18 to 24 h later. This is the principal
3.1.1 outside diameter, n—the maximum diameter of a tire
purpose for which tire width measurements, for example, are
when it is mounted and inflated.
made.
3.1.2 overall width, n—the maximum cross-sectional width
of a tire, including protective or decorative ribs.
5. Tire Marking
3.1.3 tire weight, n—the weight of an unmounted tire
5.1 For measurements other than weight, the tire shall be
without tube or flap.
marked at six equally spaced locations around the circumfer-
3.1.4 tread arc width, n—the length of the arc measured
ence. Starting at the DOTserial, make radial lines from bead to
from one extreme of the tread design proper to the opposite
bead, perpendicular to the tread center line, at 60-degree
intervals. Number the resulting sections “1” through “6” in a
clockwise sequence as viewed from the side containing the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-09 on Tires
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.30 on Laboratory (Non-
serial number.
Vehicular) Testing.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1994. Published April 1994.
6. Procedures
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02. 6.1 Tire Weight:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1502–94 (1999)
FIG. 3 Overall Width Measurement
FIG. 2 Outside Diameter Measurement
6.1.1 Weigh the test tire on a scale that is accurate to 0.045
kg (0.1 lb) in the required range.Ascale of 0–90 kg (0–200 lb)
has been found to be satisfactory for tires within the scope of
this test method.
6.1.2 The scale used should be calibrated with weights
traceable to the National Institute of Standards Technology
(NIST).
6.2 Outside Diameter:
6.2.1 Mount the test tire on a rim of the correct diameter for
the tire size and the measuring rim width listed for that tire in
the current yearbook of the Tire and Rim Association (or
5,6
applicable document ), unless another width is chosen.
6.2.2 Inflate the tire to the maximum pressure given on the
sidewall unless another pressure has been chosen. Do not
FIG. 4 Overall Width Measurement
exceed the maximum pressure given on the sidewall. Record
the value used. Allow 24 h for inflation growth and adjust
pressure if necessary.
6.3.4 Section width can be obtained by subtracting heights
6.2.3 The assembly of wheel and inflated tire shall be in
of sidewall protuberances from the overall width obtained in
temperature equilibrium with the environment in which the
6.3.3.
measurements are to be made. This can usually be achieved in
6.3.5 Record individual and average overall width measure-
3 h at room temperature, 246 8°C (75 6 15°F).
mentsfrom6.3.3tothenearest0.25mm(0.01in.)fromatleast
6.2.4 Anchor the end of a “diameter” (pi) tape in the tread
three equally spaced circumferential locations as marked in
center (or other maximum diameter location, that is, center low
5.1.
oxbow (Fig. 1), at any circumferential location. Use a thumb-
6.4 Tread Radius:
tack if necessary. See Fig. 2.
6.4.1 Prepare the tire as in 6.2.1 to 6.2.3.
6.2.5 Carefully align the tape around the tire circumference
6.4.2 Tread radius templates commonly have radii ranging
so that it is parallel to the plane of the tread center line. Read
from 120 mm (4.75 in.) to 300 mm (12.0 in.) in 12.8 mm (0.50
and record the indicated diameter.
in.) increments and from 300 mm (12.0 in.) to 900 mm (35.5
6.3 Overall Width:
in.)in12.8mm(0.50in.)increments.Choosetheonethatmost
6.3.1 Mount and condition the test tire as in 6.2.1 to 6.2.3.
closely fits the tread arc defined by one of the following types
6.3.2 Use an outside caliper or other direct-reading device
of contour. See Fig. 5.
that is graduated in 0.25 mm (0.01 in.). See Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
NOTE 1—For tires outside or different from these most popular tread
6.3.3 The measured overall width shall include protective
radius contours, that is, extreme low profile types, identify those radii
side ribs, bars, and decorations.
which most closely define the tread contour.
6.4.2.1 Type A Single (Primary) (see Fig. 6)—This type is
4 characterized by a tread arc that can be uniformly contacted by
Current yearbook of the Tire and Rim Association available from the Tire and
one of the templates. Choose the one that most closely fits the
Rim Association, Inc., 175 Montrose Avenue, West, Suite 150, Copley, OH 44321.
Current yearbook of the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization
arc defined by three points, the tread center, and two shoulders.
available from the ETRTO, 32 Avenue Brugmann, 1060 Brussels, Belgium.
Since a perfectly uniform radius is not always attainable, other
Current yearbook of the Japan Automotive Tire Manufacturers’ Association
typical variations are discussed as means for arriving at a best
Inc. available from JATMA, 9th Floor, Toranomon Bldg., 1-12, Toranomon
1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. descriptive fit.
F1502–94 (1999)
FIG. 7 Type B: Tread Contour with a Dual Radius
FIG. 5 Tread Radius Measurement
FIG. 8 Type D: Tread Contour with a Center-High Oxbow Style
FIG. 6 Type A: Tread Contour with a Single Radius
6.4.2.2 Type B Dual, Drop Shoulder (see Fig. 7)—This type
is characterized by the inability to fit a single-radius template
across the entire tread because of drops at the shoulders.
Choose the one that most closely fits the center portion of the
tread, ignoring the shoulder drop. A secondary radius of the
shoulders can then be determined to obtain a more complete
description of the tread contour.
6.4.2.3 Type C, Center-Low Oxbow (see Fig. 1)—This type
is characterized by a center contour that drops too low to be
fitted by any of the standard templates.This is the only contour
type for which the central area is not of prime importance.
Choosethetemplatethatbestfitstheintermediateandshoulder
areas. Do not confuse Type C with Type B secondary contour
FIG. 9 Tread Hardness Measurement
as shown in Fig. 7.
6.4.2.4 Type D, Center-High Oxbow (see Fig. 8)—This type
is characterized by raised center ribs accompanied by a
6.5.5 Results on crown and shoulder elements should be
depressed intermediate area and another raised area at the
recorded separately since they may differ from each other.
shoulders, so that a gap exists in the mid-point areas. Choose
the template that most closely fits the tread center and both
6.5.6 Apply the gage rapidly, in a manner prescribed in Test
shoulders.
Method D 2240, in a direction perpendicu
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