ASTM E456-12

Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics.
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the normative standard will be editorially changed in this standard. Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO 3534 will be noted in this standard, but ISO 3534 will not be considered normative for any E11 terms.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2012
• ICS: 01.040.07 - Natural and applied sciences (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 07.020 - Mathematics
• Technical Committee: E11 - Quality and Statistics
• Drafting Committee: E11.70 - Editorial/Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E456-08e4 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Replaced By: ASTM E456-12e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D6621-21 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Process Analyzers for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Materials
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D7336/D7336M-22 - Standard Test Method for Static Energy Absorption Properties of Honeycomb Sandwich Core Materials
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E29-22 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D5467/D5467M-97(2017) - Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Sandwich Beam
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D3906-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative X-ray Diffraction Intensities of Faujasite-Type Zeolite-Containing Materials
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D8066/D8066M-23 - Standard Practice Unnotched Compression Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E459-22 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Heat Transfer Rate Using a Thin-Skin Calorimeter
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E766-14(2019) - Standard Practice for Calibrating the Magnification of a Scanning Electron Microscope
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E1617-09(2019) - Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characterization Data
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E1458-12(2022) - Standard Test Method for Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Instruments Using Photomask Reticles
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E2108-16 - Standard Practice for Calibration of the Electron Binding-Energy Scale of an X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D6484/D6484M-20 - Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D7778-15(2022)e1 - Standard Guide for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E456 − 12 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Quality and Statistics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E1994Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and
LTPD Sampling Plans
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for
E2234Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attri-
terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality
butes Indexed by AQL
and Statistics.
E2281Practice for Process and Measurement Capability
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an
Indices
E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative
E2282Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the
E2334Practice for Setting an Upper Confidence Bound For
normativestandardwillbeeditoriallychangedinthisstandard.
aFractionorNumberofNon-Conformingitems,oraRate
Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added
of Occurrence for Non-conformities, Using Attribute
to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
Data, When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
E2489Practice for Statistical Analysis of One-Sample and
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO3534 will be
noted in this standard, but ISO3534 will not be considered Two-SampleInterlaboratoryProficiencyTestingPrograms
E2554Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncer-
normative for any E11 terms.
tainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single
Laboratory Using a Control Sample Program
2. Referenced Documents
E2555Practice for Factors and Procedures forApplying the
2
2.1 ASTM E11 Standards with Terms in This Standard:
MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
E2586Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
Determine Conformance with Specifications
E2587Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical
E105Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
Process Control
E141Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the
E2655Guide for Reporting Uncertainty of Test Results and
Results of Probability Sampling
Use of the Term Measurement Uncertainty inASTM Test
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
Methods
ASTM Test Methods
E2696Practice for Life and ReliabilityTesting Based on the
E178Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
Exponential Distribution
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
E2709Practice for Demonstrating Capability to Comply
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
with an Acceptance Procedure
E1169Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
E2782Guide for Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)
E1325Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
E2819Practice for Single- and Multi-Level Continuous
E1402Guide for Sampling Design
SamplingofaStreamofProductbyAttributesIndexedby
E1488GuideforStatisticalProcedurestoUseinDeveloping
AQL
and Applying Test Methods
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO3534 Statistics-Vocabulary and Symbols
Part2Applied Statistics
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQuality
and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.70 on Editorial/
3. Terminology
Terminology.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally
acceptance quality limit (AQL), n—quality limit that is the
ϵ4
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E456–08 . DOI:
worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of
10.1520/E0456-12.
2 lots is submitted for acceptance sampling. E2234
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E456 − 12
as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific balanced incomplete block design (BIB), n—an incomplete
principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on block design in which each block contains the same number
experimental work of some national or international k of different versions from the t versions of a single
organization, or (3) a
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
´4
Designation:E456–08 Designation:E456–12
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Quality and Statistics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—New terms were added and other terms corrected editorially in January 2009.
2
´ NOTE—New terms were added and other terms corrected editorially in May 2010.
3
´ NOTE—New terms were added and other terms corrected editorially in May 2011.
4
´ NOTE—New terms were added and other terms corrected editorially in April 2012.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality and
Statistics.
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative for
that term. Any changes in the term definition in the normative standard will be editorially changed in this standard. Any terms
added to an E11 standard will be editorially added to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO3534 will be noted in this standard, but ISO3534 will not be considered normative
for any E11 terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM E11 Standards with Terms in This Standard:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
E141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
E1402 Guide for Sampling Design
E1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
E1994 Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans
E2234 Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attributes Indexed by AQL
E2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability Indices
E2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
E2334 Practice for Setting an Upper Confidence Bound For a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate of
Occurrence for Non-conformities, Using Attribute Data, When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
E2489 Practice for Statistical Analysis of One-Sample and Two-Sample Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Programs
E2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncertainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single Laboratory Using
a Control Sample Program
E2555 Practice for Factors and Procedures for Applying the MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.70 on
Editorial/Terminology.
´1
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E456–06 . DOI:
10.1520/E0456-08E04.
´4
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E456–08 . DOI:
10.1520/E0456-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E456–12
E2655 Guide for Reporting Uncertainty ofTest Results and Use of theTerm Measurement Uncertainty inASTMTest Methods
E2696 Practice for Life and Reliability Testing Based on the Exponential Distribution
E2709 Practice for Demonstrating Capability to Comply with an Acceptance Procedure
E2782 Guide for Measurement Systems Analysis (
...