ASTM B994/B994M-22
(Specification)Standard Specification for Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Coating
Standard Specification for Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Coating
ABSTRACT
This specification outlines the requirements for corrosion-resistant coatings of electrodeposited nickel-cobalt on metallic substrates and electrodeposited nickel-cobalt used for electroforming. It includes an accelerated exposure test method to evaluate the effects of corrosion and galling on the nickel-cobalt alloy coating, as well as a means of reporting the results to the purchaser.
This specification incorporates a classification scheme that establishes service condition by thickness, classes of deposits based on the level of monitoring, and type based on supplemental coatings used after deposition. It also provides requirements for materials and manufacture; acceptance tests in terms of appearance, adhesion, and coating thickness, qualification tests (galling test, chemical composition, hydrogen embrittlement test, corrosion testing, environmental testing, third party reports, frequency of qualification tests); sampling; rejection; and certification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes the requirements for corrosion-resistant coatings of electrodeposited nickel-cobalt on metallic substrates and electrodeposited nickel-cobalt used for electroforming.
Note 1: The nickel-cobalt alloy is principally deposited as a coating on steel products. It can also be electrodeposited on iron, stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, and any other metal substrate.
Note 2: The nickel-cobalt alloy coating has a low coefficient of friction of 0.08 that provides a dry lubricant on part surfaces that are in contact with each other and are subject to galling.
1.2 This specification incorporates an accelerated exposure test method to evaluate the effects of corrosion and galling on the coating, and incorporates a means of reporting the results to the purchaser.
1.3 The specification incorporates a classification scheme that establishes service conditions for thickness, classes of deposits based on the level of monitoring, and type based on supplemental coatings used after deposition.
1.4 The coating thickness ranges from 5 to >30 μm, and it can be applied to machined parts, springs, latches, threaded parts, fasteners, etc. The deposit can also be used to electroform parts requiring high strength with the alloy being maintained at 50 % nickel-cobalt.
1.5 The nickel-cobalt alloy is used to protect ferrous metals in contact with corrosive environments such as: oil and gas production facilities, coastal marine, and ACQ (Alkaline Copper Quaternary) treatments for wood treatments.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This standard has been revised to comply with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS Requirements that seek to limit the exposure of workers and the public to toxic metals. The nickel-cobalt alloy does not contain any of the six Restricted Hazardous Substances.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:B994/B994M −22
Standard Specification for
1
Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Coating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B994/B994M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This specification describes the requirements for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
corrosion-resistant coatings of electrodeposited nickel-cobalt
1.8 This standard has been revised to comply with the
on metallic substrates and electrodeposited nickel-cobalt used
Restriction of Hazardous SubstancesRoHSRequirements that
for electroforming.
seek to limit the exposure of workers and the public to toxic
NOTE 1—The nickel-cobalt alloy is principally deposited as a coating
metals. The nickel-cobalt alloy does not contain any of the six
on steel products. It can also be electrodeposited on iron, stainless steel,
Restricted Hazardous Substances.
aluminum, titanium, and any other metal substrate.
NOTE 2—The nickel-cobalt alloy coating has a low coefficient of 1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
friction of 0.08 that provides a dry lubricant on part surfaces that are in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
contact with each other and are subject to galling.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 This specification incorporates an accelerated exposure
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
test method to evaluate the effects of corrosion and galling on
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
thecoating,andincorporatesameansofreportingtheresultsto
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the purchaser.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 The specification incorporates a classification scheme
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
that establishes service conditions for thickness, classes of
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
deposits based on the level of monitoring, and type based on
Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure
supplemental coatings used after deposition.
Service and Other Special Purpose Applications
1.4 The coating thickness ranges from 5 to >30 µm, and it
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel,
can be applied to machined parts, springs, latches, threaded
and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or
parts, fasteners, etc. The deposit can also be used to electro-
High Temperature Service, or Both
form parts requiring high strength with the alloy being main-
A681 Specification for Tool Steels Alloy
tained at 50 % nickel-cobalt.
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
1.5 The nickel-cobalt alloy is used to protect ferrous metals
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
in contact with corrosive environments such as: oil and gas
Electroplating
production facilities, coastal marine, and ACQ (Alkaline Cop-
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
per Quaternary) treatments for wood treatments.
troplating
B254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
Stainless Steel
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
plating
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
from the two systems shall not be combined.
B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
by X-Ray Spectrometry
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
B571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic
Coatings
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
B08.03 on Engineering Coatings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B994/B994M – 15. Standards volume i
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B994/B994M − 15 B994/B994M − 22
Standard Specification for
1
Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Coating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B994/B994M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification describes the requirements for corrosion-resistant coatings of electrodeposited nickel-cobalt on metallic
substrates and electrodeposited nickel-cobalt used for electroforming.
NOTE 1—The nickel-cobalt alloy is principally deposited as a coating on steel products. It can also be electrodeposited on iron, stainless steel, aluminum,
titanium, and any other metal substrate.
NOTE 2—The nickel-cobalt alloy coating has a low coefficient of friction of 0.08 that provides a dry lubricant on part surfaces that are in contact with
each other and are subject to galling.
1.2 This specification incorporates an accelerated exposure test method to evaluate the effects of corrosion and galling on the
coating, and incorporates a means of reporting the results to the purchaser.
1.3 The specification incorporates a classification scheme that establishes service conditions for thickness, classes of deposits
based on the level of monitoring, and type based on supplemental coatings used after deposition.
1.4 The coating thickness ranges from 5 to >30 μm, and it can be applied to machined parts, springs, latches, threaded parts,
fasteners, etc. The deposit can also be used to electroform parts requiring high strength with the alloy being maintained at 50%50 %
nickel-cobalt.
1.5 The nickel-cobalt alloy is used to protect ferrous metals in contact with corrosive environments such as: oil and gas production
facilities, costalcoastal marine, and ACQ (Alkaline Copper Quaternary) treatments for wood treatments.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This standard has been revised to comply with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS Requirements that seek to limit
the exposure of workers and the public to toxic metals. The nickel-cobalt alloy does not contain any of the six Restricted Hazardous
Substances.
1
This test method specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B08.03 on Engineering Coatings.
Current edition approved March 1, 2015May 1, 2022. Published March 2015May 2022. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
B994/B994M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/B0994_B0994M–15.10.1520/B0994_B0994M-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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B994/B994M − 22
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other
Special Purpose Applications
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High
Temperature Service, or Both
A681 Specification for Tool Steels Alloy
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
B254 Practice for Preparation of and Electr
...
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