ASTM E1699-00
(Practice)Standard Practice for Performing Value Analysis (VA) of Buildings and Building Systems
Standard Practice for Performing Value Analysis (VA) of Buildings and Building Systems
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for defining and satisfying the requirements of the user's/owner's project.
1.2 A multidisciplinary team uses the procedure to convert design criteria and specifications into descriptions of project functions and then relates these functions to revenues and cost.
1.3 Examples of costs are all revelant costs over a designated study period, including the costs of obtaining funds, designing, purchasing/leasing, constructing/installing, operating, maintaining, repairing, replacing and disposing of the particular building design or system (see Terminology E833). While not the only criteria, cost is an important basis for comparison in a value analysis study of a building. Therefore, accurate and comprehensive cost data is an important element of the analysis.
1.4 This is a procedure to develop alternatives that meet the building's required functions. Estimate the costs for each alternative. Provide the user/owner with specific, technically accurate alternatives, appropriate to the stage of project development, which can be implemented. The user/owner selects the alternative(s) that best satisfies his needs and requirements.
1.5 Apply this practice to an entire project or to any subsystem. The user/owner can utilize the VA procedure to select the element or scope of the project to be studied.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:E1699–00
Standard Practice for
Performing Value Analysis (VA) of Buildings and Building
1,2
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 2013 Practice for Constructing FAST Diagrams and Per-
forming Function Analysis During Value Analysis Study
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for defining and
satisfying the requirements of the user’s/owner’s project.
3. Summary of Practice
1.2 A multidisciplinary team uses the procedure to convert
3.1 This practice outlines the procedures for developing
design criteria and specifications into descriptions of project
alternatives to a proposed design that best fulfill the needs and
functions and then relates these functions to revenues and cost.
requirements of the user/owner of the building or building
1.3 Examples of costs are all revelant costs over a desig-
system.Thepracticeshowshowtoidentifythefunctionsofthe
nated study period, including the costs of obtaining funds,
building and its systems; develop alternatives to fulfill the
designing, purchasing/leasing, constructing/installing, operat-
user’s/owner’s needs and requirements; and evaluate the alter-
ing, maintaining, repairing, replacing and disposing of the
natives in their ability to meet defined criteria.
particular building design or system (see Terminology E 833).
While not the only criteria, cost is an important basis for
4. Significance and Use
comparison in a value analysis study of a building. Therefore,
4.1 Perform VA during the planning, design, and construc-
accurate and comprehensive cost data is an important element
tion phases of a building.
of the analysis.
4.2 The most effective application of value analysis is early
1.4 This is a procedure to develop alternatives that meet the
in the design phase of a project. Changes or redirection in the
building’s required functions. Estimate the costs for each
designcanbeaccommodatedwithoutextensiveredesignatthis
alternative. Provide the user/owner with specific, technically
point, thereby saving the user/owner time and money.
accurate alternatives, appropriate to the stage of project devel-
4.3 During the earliest stages of design, refer to value
opment,whichcanbeimplemented.Theuser/ownerselectsthe
analysis as value planning. Use the procedure to analyze
alternative(s) that best satisfies his needs and requirements.
predesign documents, for example, program documents and
1.5 Apply this practice to an entire project or to any
space planning documents.At the predesign stage, performVA
subsystem. The user/owner can utilize the VA procedure to
to define the project’s functions, and to achieve consensus on
select the element or scope of the project to be studied.
the project’s direction and approach by the project team, for
2. Referenced Documents example, the owner, the design professional, the user, and the
construction manager. By participating in this early VA exer-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3 cise, members of the project team communicate their needs to
E 833 Terminology of Building Economics
the other team members and identify those needs in the
E 917 PracticeforMeasuringLife-CycleCostsofBuildings
3 common language of functions. By expressing the project in
and Building Systems
these terms early in the design process, the project team
E 1369 Guide for Selecting Techniques for Treating Uncer-
minimizes miscommunication and redesign, which are costly
tainty and Risk in the Economic Evaluation of Buildings
3 in both labor expenditures and schedule delays.
and Building Systems
4.4 Also perform value analysis during schematic design
E 1557 Classification for Building Elements and Related
3 (up to 15 % design completion), design development (up to
Sitework—UNIFORMAT II
45 % design completion), and construction documents (up to
100 % design completion). Conduct VA studies at several
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor- stages of design completion to define or confirm project
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on
functions, to verify technical and management approaches, to
Building Economics.
analyze selection of equipment and materials, and to assess the
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published January 2001. Originally
project’s economics and technical feasibility. Perform VA
published as E 1699 – 95. Last previous edition E 1699 – 95.
Value analysis (VA) is also referred to as value engineering.
studies concurrently with the user’s/owner’s design review
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1699
schedules to maintain the project schedule. Through the information available to the VAteam, and the interrelationship
schematic design and design development stages, the VAteam among the disciplines.
analyzes the drawings and specifications from each technical
5.8 Decisions reached from the standpoint of one discipline
discipline. During the construction documents stage, the VA
frequently have a major impact on the approach the designer
team analyzes the design drawings and specifications, as well
will take for another discipline. Thus, the multidisciplinary
as the details, and equipment selection, which are more clearly
interaction is necessary. The collective knowledge and experi-
defined at this later stage.
ence of the multidisciplinary team create the synergy that helps
4.5 A value analysis study performed at a 90 to 100 %
this procedure to be successful. The team is dynamic, marked
completion stage, just prior to bidding, concentrates on eco- by continuous productive activity which promotes positive
nomics and technical feasibility. Consider methods of con-
change. Individual’s personalities are important to the success
struction, phasing of construction, and procurement. The goals of the VA team, as well. Positive attitudes, technical knowl-
at this stage of design are to minimize construction costs and edge, education, and experience are important to the outcome
the potential for claims; analyze management and administra- of the study.
tion; and review the design, equipment, and materials used.
5.9 Make final the team composition and level of participa-
4.6 During construction, analyze value analysis change
tion after receiving the project documents and knowing spe-
proposals (VACP) of the contractor. VACPs reduce the cost or cifically what information is available for theWorkshop Effort.
duration of construction or present alternative methods of
construction, without reducing performance, acceptance, or
6. Procedure
quality. At this stage the alternatives presented to the user/
6.1 A value analysis study has three sequential periods of
owner are called value analysis change proposals. To encour-
activity—Preparation Effort, Workshop Effort, and Post-
age the contractor to propose worthwhile VACPs, the owner
Workshop Effort. Within these activities, the VA team follows
and the contractor share the resultant savings when permitted
a formal plan, as shown in Fig. 1, and as described in the
by contract.
following:
4.7 The number and timing of VA studies varies for every
6.1.1 Preparation Effort.
project. The user/owner, the design professional, and the value
6.1.2 Workshop Effort:
analyst determine the best approach jointly. A complex or
6.1.2.1 Information phase.
expensive facility, or a design that will be used repeatedly,
6.1.2.2 Function identification and analysis phase.
warrants a minimum of two VA studies, performed at the
6.1.2.3 Creative phase.
predesign and design development stages.
6.1.2.4 Evaluation phase.
6.1.2.5 Development phase.
5. VA Team
6.1.2.6 Presentation phase.
5.1 The Value Analysis Team Leader (VATL) plays a key
6.1.3 Post-Workshop Effort:
role in the success of a VA study and is responsible for
6.1.3.1 Implementation phase.
managing all aspects of the effort. A VA team leader needs
6.2 Preparation Effort:
training in value analysis and experience as a team member,
leader, or facilitator on previous studies. Seek a person with 6.2.1 The VA team prepares for the Workshop Effort to
strong leadership, management, and communications skills. ensurethateventsarecoordinated;thatappropriateinformation
5.2 ThesizeandcompositionoftheVAteamdependsonthe is available for the VA team to review; and that the design
professional is prepared to present a description of the project
project being studied and the stage of design development.
on the first day of the workshop.
5.3 Select persons of diverse backgrounds having a range of
expertise and experience that incorporates all the knowledge 6.2.2 The design professional is an integral part of the value
analysis process, whether the design professional participates
necessary to address the issues the VA team is charged to
address. throughout the process, or becomes involved at specific mile-
stones. The VA team is only effective when it communicates
5.4 Select technical disciplines for a VA team that are
with the design professional and the user/owner, and presents
similar to the technical disciplines on the design team for the
alternatives for their consideration.
stage of completion being reviewed. Include professionals who
are knowledgeable in the financing, cost, management, pro- 6.2.3 Preparing for the Workshop Effort, the VATL coordi-
curement, construction, and operation of similar buildings or nates the VA study schedule with the design professional and
systems. the user/owner to accommodate the project schedule.
5.5 The user/owner decides whether to create the VA team 6.2.4 The VATL, the user/owner, the design professional,
using members of the project team, that is, the user/owner, the
and the construction manager, as appropriate, meet to discuss
planner, the design professional, and the construction manager, the scope of the workshop, the objectives of the workshop, and
or using professionals who have not been involved in the
the constraints that have been imposed on the project by the
design and have no preconceived ideas. user/owner or regulatory agencies.
5.6 The user/owner and the VATL agree upon the team
6.2.5 The user/owner, the design professional, and the
composition.
construction manager, as appropriate, establish performance
5.7 Determine the duration of each team member’s partici- and acceptance requirements for evaluating alternatives during
pation based upon the design completion stage, the amount of the evaluation phase of the Workshop Effort. Select these
E1699
FIG. 1 Value Analysis Study Plan
criteria from items such as initial construction cost, life-cycle 6.2.8 Using the most current, preliminary estimate pre-
cost, aesthetics, ease of operation and maintenance, safety, and sented by the project team, the VATL develops the capital cost
schedule adherence. model, which organizes initial construction costs by element
and trade to determine where high costs are expended (see
6.2.6 The user/owner, the VATL, the design professional,
Classification E 1557). Display the estimated construction
and the construction manager, as appropriate, determine the
costs graphically on this cost model by system and subsystem.
needforasitevisitbyoneormoreteammembersandestablish
The VA team will use this cost model during the Workshop
the schedule for this tour. If the Workshop Effort is not going
Effort to assign target initial construction cost estimates for
to occur near the project site, it is appropriate to schedule this
each element and trade.
effort prior to the workshop effort.
6.2.9 With information provided by the user/owner and the
6.2.7 The VATLcollects the project study material from the
design professional from historical data or projected energy
design professional. Examples of information needed from the
consumption, the VATL or a knowledgeable team member
design professional include, but are not limited to:
designated by the VATL, prepares an energy model to display
Owner’s design standards
energy consumption for the building system, subsystem, or
Design criteria
Project budget functional area.The model visually identifies energy intensive
Design calculations
areas. Prepare an energy model for projects that present a
Alternatives considered
potential for high energy consumption. The VA team assigns
Technical memoranda, as appropriate
Permit requirements target energy consumption estimates during the Workshop
Regulations governing construction
Effort, if time is available and as deemed appropriate by the
Maintenance requirements
VATL.
Equipment data sheets
Estimate of construction cost 6.2.10 With information provided by the user/owner and the
Quantity take-off
design professional from historical data or projected life-cycle
Applicable building codes
costs, the VATL, or a knowledgeable team member designated
Architectural concepts
Construction phasing
Soil borings
Operations requirements
Project schedules
The model expresses energy in units of kwh per year or other appropriate
Pre-purchase and accelerated purchase documents
systems of measurement.
E1699
by the VATL, prepares a life-cycle cost model to display the 6.3.1.4 In evaluating a project that has a potential for high
total cost of ownership for the building system, subsystem, or life-cycle costs, the VA team, as directed by the VATL,
functional area (see Practice E 917). The model identifies the develops target life-cycle cost estimates for each system,
high cost areas of ownership. The user/owner and the design subsystem or functional grouping using the life-cycle cost
professional establish the interest or discount rate to be used in model prepared during the Preparation Effort; and establishes
the analysis. This rate is the same as that used by the design these target estimates based on its collective experience as the
professional during the design process. The VA team assigns least cost of ownership necessary to provide the function.
target life-cycle cost estimates during the Workshop Effort, if Areas that show a significant difference between the user’s/
time is available and as deemed appropriate by the VATL. owner’s projected life-cycle cost and the target life-cycle cost
6.2.11 The VATL distributes project information to the VA estimate are those that present opportunities for improvement.
6.3.2 Function Identification andAnalysi
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.