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ASTM D7189-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Relative Mileage of News Ink on Newsprint

Standard Test Method for Relative Mileage of News Ink on Newsprint

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory procedure for determining the relative mileage of news inks on newsprint. The test method utilizes a proofing press, analytical balance and a reflection densitometer.
1.2 This test method is intended for black oil-based news inks that dry by penetration (that is, letterpress or web offset) and for which a suitable reference standard is available. With appropriate optical instrumentation, it is also applicable to colored news inks.
1.3 This test method may also be used to determine the relative ink receptivity of test newsprints versus a reference standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
ICS
87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.56 - Printing Inks
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7189-12 - Standard Test Method for Relative Mileage of News Ink on Newsprint
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM D7680-10(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparing Prints of Paste Printing Inks by a Motor-Driven Printability Tester
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005

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ASTM D7189-05 - Standard Test Method for Relative Mileage of News Ink on NewsprintASTM D7189-05 - Standard Test Method for Relative Mileage of News Ink on Newsprint
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ASTM D7189-05 - Standard Test Method for Relative Mileage of News Ink on Newsprint
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Standards Content (Sample)


Designation: D7189 − 05
Standard Test Method for
Relative Mileage of News Ink on Newsprint
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7189; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 ink mileage, n—weight per unit area of ink required to
achieve a given optical density, laboratory units are g/m .
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory procedure for
3.1.2 ink receptivity, n—weight per unit area of ink required
determining the relative mileage of news inks on newsprint.
to achieve a target optical density when comparing different
The test method utilizes a proofing press, analytical balance
paper stocks, laboratory units are g/m .
and a reflection densitometer.
3.1.3 news ink, n—a pigmented paste composition that is
1.2 This test method is intended for black oil-based news
applied to newsprint by printing machinery.
inks that dry by penetration (that is, letterpress or web offset)
and for which a suitable reference standard is available. With
3.1.4 newsprint, n—paper substrate made from wood pulp
appropriate optical instrumentation, it is also applicable to
used chiefly for printing newspapers.
colored news inks.
3.1.5 optical density, n—the light absorbing ability of a
1.3 This test method may also be used to determine the material, expressed as the logarithm of the reciprocal of the
relative ink receptivity of test newsprints versus a reference reflectance factor (that is, higher optical density indicates more
standard. light is absorbed).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.2 Symbols:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
A = weight of inked plate after printing, g
only.
B = weight of inked plate before printing, g
1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of the
C = coverage (weight of ink) on the print, g
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C = C required to achieve the target optical density, g
T
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D = optical density
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
M = mileage of an ink, or ink receptivity of a paper, g/m
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. S = printed area on the paper specimen, cm
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Laboratory prints of the test news ink on the designated
D528 Test Method for Machine Direction of Paper and
newsprint are made at various ink film weights giving optical
Paperboard (Withdrawn 2010)
densities that span the target value.
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
4.2 The weight of ink on the print corresponding to the
for Testing (Withdrawn 2010)
target density is determined graphically or by regression
D5039 Test Methods for Identification ofWire Side of Paper
analysis. The resulting value for mileage, expressed as g/m ,is
(Withdrawn 2009)
compared to that obtained with the reference news ink tested in
the identical fashion.
3. Terminology
4.3 When the test method is used to compare different
3.1 Definitions:
newsprint stocks with a reference newsprint, the relationship is
called ink receptivity.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
5. Significance and Use
Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published September 2005. DOI:
5.1 Ink mileage on a production press is of economic
10.1520/D7189-05.
importance of the user of printing inks, the lower the mileage
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contactASTM Customer Service as service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
figure, the less ink is required to produce a job. This test
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
method provides a procedure by which news inks can be
the ASTM website.
3 assessed for mileage or newsprint stocks for ink receptivity in
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. the laboratory.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7189 − 05
NOTE 1—When handling the test newsprint, be careful not to touch the
5.2 Because of the many variables that exist among labora-
surface with bare fingers, as localized changes in absorbency may result.
tory and production presses, this test method is apt to yield
more meaningful information when results are expressed on a
9. Conditioning
relative rather that an absolute basis.
9.1 The adsorbency properties of paper and ink are highly
6. Apparatus
sensitive to relative humidity and temperature, respectively.
For these reasons, reproducible printing requires that the test
6.1 Laboratory print maker—preferably a motor driven
and reference samples be conditioned at the same conditions;
printability tester capable of setting print pressure and having
Practice D685 specifies 50 6 2 % relative humidity and 23 6
a readily removable printing plate that can be accommodated
0.50°C temperature.
on an analytical balance.
6.2 Printing plate—typicallyasolid-faceddiskcomposedof
10. Prepare the Print Maker
aluminum, rubber-covered aluminum, or rubber-covered ny-
10.1 Preset the operating conditions of the laboratory print
lon. Resulting prints are about 4 to 5 cm wide and 20 cm long
(1 ⁄2 by 8 in.). maker. Typical for newsprint are a printing pressure of 650 N,
a printing speed of 4 m/s (800 fpm) and a temperature of 25°C.
6.3 Analytical Balance—accurate to 0 .0001 g with 150 g
capacity to accommodate the typical disc in 6.2. 10.2 Set the composition roller of the distribution system in
place.
6.4 Tongs—for handling the printing plate.
10.3 Selecttheprintingdisktobeusedandpositionitonthe
6.5 Ink spatula—small.
disk holder out of contact with the top roller.
7. Materials
11. Procedure
7.1 For measuring mileage of news inks.
11.1 Apply to the composition roller of the distribution
7.1.1 Reference news ink—having a known mileage, to be
system the amount of ink necessary to obtain a print optical
used as the basis for rating the test news ink.
density about 0.15 units above the target value. See guidelines
7.1.2 Newsprint—cut to appropriate size appropriate to the
in Table 1. Using a small spatula, spread the ink uniformly
print maker and consistent for printing side (felt or wire) and
across the roller.
grain direction.
7.1.3 Target optical density specification
11.2 Turn the distribution system on, let distribute 15 s.
7.1.4 Backing material—for use while making optical den-
11.3 Lower the printing disk onto the top roller,
...

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4.1 Laboratory proofing of inks is necessary to establish a reproducible prediction of print appearance and performance properties, most of which are highly sensitive to ink film thickness. The apparatus described in this practice has found wide use for routine control proofing because it provides an economical method for producing reasonably large prints at film thicknesses comparable to those obtained on production presses.
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Printing Gages (not drawn to scale)  
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1.4 The instructions in this practice are intended to minimize the within-print and among-operator variability inherent in hand operations.  
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1.6 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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5.1 These practices provide means of preparing small quantities of resin solution (in some procedures in an inert gas atmosphere using uniform, controlled heating).  
5.2 This practice provides quick ways to prepare a resin solution for quality control testing during the manufacture of resin solutions and vehicles. Samples can usually be prepared in approximately 30 to 45 minutes or less.  
5.3 These practices can be used to prepare commonly specified ink test solutions such as 33.3 % resin in alkali refined linseed oil, and 50 % resin in heat-set ink solvent (that is, C12 to C16 hydrocarbon petroleum distillate with initial boiling point (IBP) about 470°F).
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(4) A hot air gun (Sections 23 to 27).
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1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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