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ASTM D695-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.
Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.
Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1—For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 604.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2010
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.10 - Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D695-08 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6456-10(2018) - Standard Specification for Finished Parts Made from Polyimide Resin
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM D3517-19 - Standard Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM D3262-20 - Standard Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer Pipe
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7791-22 - Standard Test Method for Uniaxial Fatigue Properties of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM D3914-02(2016) - Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Strength of Pultruded Glass-Reinforced Plastic Rod
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM D5813-04(2018) - Standard Specification for Cured-In-Place Thermosetting Resin Sewer Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM F1429-99(2022) - Standard Test Method for Assembly Force of Plastic Underground Conduit Joints That Use Flexible Elastomeric Seals Located in the Bell
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM D3748-14(2019) - Standard Practice for Evaluating High-Density Rigid Cellular Plastics
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM D5592-94(2018) - Standard Guide for Material Properties Needed in Engineering Design Using Plastics
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Referred By
ASTM D5364-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Design, Fabrication, and Erection of Fiberglass Reinforced (FRP) Plastic Chimney Liners with Coal-Fired Units
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01-Apr-2010
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ASTM F1309-23 - Standard Practice for Installation Procedures for Fitting Chocks to Marine Machinery Foundations
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ASTM F3131-14(2023) - Standard Specification for Epoxy / Cotton Raw Materials for the Use in Bearing Cages
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ASTM F1855-00(2019) - Standard Specification for Polyoxymethylene (Acetal) for Medical Applications
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ASTM D3846-08(2015) - Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Strength of Reinforced Plastics
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D695 − 10
StandardTest Method for
1
Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
Plastics Specimens
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the me-
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
chanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in
someter Systems
compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and
3
including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi). 2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 604 Plastics—DeterminationofCompressiveProperties
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites rein-
3.1 General—The definitions of plastics used in this test
forced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply
reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method method are in accordance with Terminology D883 unless
D3410/D3410M.
otherwise indicated.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 compressive deformation—the decrease in length pro-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
duced in the gage length of the test specimen by a compressive
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
load. It is expressed in units of length.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.A specific precau-
3.2.2 compressive strain—the ratio of compressive defor-
tionary statement is given in 13.1.
mation to the gage length of the test specimen, that is, the
NOTE 2—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 604.
change in length per unit of original length along the longitu-
dinal axis. It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 compressive strength—the maximum compressive
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stress (nominal) carried by a test specimen during a compres-
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
sion test. It may or may not be the compressive stress
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
(nominal) carried by the specimen at the moment of rupture.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3.2.4 compressive strength at failure (nominal)—the com-
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of
pressive stress (nominal) sustained at the moment of failure of
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported
the test specimen if shattering occurs.
Gage Section by Shear Loading
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
3.2.5 compressive stress (nominal)—the compressive load
als
perunitareaofminimumoriginalcrosssectionwithinthegage
boundaries, carried by the test specimen at any given moment.
It is expressed in force per unit area.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The expression of compressive proper-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
ties in terms of the minimum original cross section is almost
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally
universally used. Under some circumstances the compressive
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D695 - 08. DOI:
10.1520/D0695-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D695 − 10
properties have been expressed per unit of prevailing cross 4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D695–08 Designation:D695–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1This1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics,
including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test
specimens of standard shape are employed.This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa
(6,000,000 psi).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
NOTE 1—For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests
may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
NOTE 2—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO604. ISO 604.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage
Section by Shear Loading
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials D4066Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion
Materials (PA)
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 604 Plastics—Determination of Compressive Properties
3. Terminology
3.1 General— The definitions of plastics used in this test method are in accordance with Terminology D883 unless otherwise
indicated.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 compressive deformation—the decrease in length produced in the gage length of the test specimen by a compressive load.
It is expressed in units of length.
3.2.2 compressive strain—the ratio of compressive deformation to the gage length of the test specimen, that is, the change in
length per unit of original length along the longitudinal axis. It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Aug.April 1, 2008.2010. Published September 2008.April 2010. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
D695-02a.D695 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/D0695-108.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D20-1061.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D695–10
3.2.3 compressive strength—the maximum compressive stress (nominal) carried by a test specimen during a compression test.
It may or may not be the compressive stress (nominal) carried by the specimen at the moment of rupture.
3.2.4 compressive strength at failure (nominal)—the compressive stress (nominal) sustained at the moment of failure of the test
sp
...

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1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pr...

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ASTM
ASTM D5026-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Tension

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic materials using very small amounts of material. The data obtained is used for quality control, research and development, as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,  
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, make reference to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specificati...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The tensile data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastic materials using nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 4.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Pri...

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ASTM
ASTM D2863-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the measuring of the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion of plastics. Correlation with burning characteristics under actual use conditions is not implied.  
5.2 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.  
1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen index.  
1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see Table 1).    
1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3.  
1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.  
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3.
Note 1: Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.  
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 2: This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct oxygen concentration measurement.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D695-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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