ASTM D924-99e2

Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers new electrical insulating liquids as well as liquids in service or subsequent to service in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus.
1.2 This test method provides a procedure for making referee tests at a commercial frequency of between 45 and 65 Hz.
1.3 Where it is desired to make routine determinations requiring less accuracy, certain modifications to this test method are permitted as described in Sections 19 to 27.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 14.4.2.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1999
• ICS: 29.040.10 - Insulating oils
• Technical Committee: D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
• Drafting Committee: D27.05 - Electrical Test

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D924-99e1 - Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Replaced By: ASTM D924-03 - Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D3394-16(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D2413-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Insulating Paper and Board Impregnated with a Liquid Dielectric
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D8240-22e1 - Standard Specification for Less-Flammable Synthetic Ester Liquids Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D7416-09(2020) - Standard Practice for Analysis of In-Service Lubricants Using a Particular Five-Part (Dielectric Permittivity, Time-Resolved Dielectric Permittivity with Switching Magnetic Fields, Laser Particle Counter, Microscopic Debris Analysis, and Orbital Viscometer) Integrated Tester
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D2225-20 - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1934-20 - Standard Test Method for Oxidative Aging of Electrical Insulating Liquids by Open-Beaker Method
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6871-17 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D7826-23a - Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D3455-11(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5282-05(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4652-20 - Standard Specification for Silicone Liquid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1169-19a - Standard Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
ϵ2
Designation:D 924–99
Standard Test Method for
Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating
1
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
ϵ NOTE—Editorial corrections were made in February 2003.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Standard:
IEC 247–1978 Measurement of Relative Permittivity, Di-
1.1 This test method covers new electrical insulating liquids
electric Dissipation Factor (Tan 8) and DC Resistivity of
as well as liquids in service or subsequent to service in cables,
5
Insulating Liquids
transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other electrical appara-
tus.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method provides a procedure for making
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms used in this test
referee tests at a commercial frequency of between 45 and 65
method are given in Terminology D 2864D 2864.
Hz.
1.3 Where it is desired to make routine determinations
4. Significance and Use
requiring less accuracy, certain modifications to this test
4.1 Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)—This is a mea-
method are permitted as described in Sections 19 to 27.
sure of the dielectric losses in an electrical insulating liquid
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
when used in an alternating electric field and of the energy
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dissipated as heat. A low dissipation factor or power factor
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
indicates low ac dielectric losses. Dissipation factor or power
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
factor may be useful as a means of quality control, and as an
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific
indication of changes in quality resulting from contamination
warnings are given in 14.4.2.
and deterioration in service or as a result of handling.
4.1.1 The loss characteristic is commonly measured in
2. Referenced Documents
terms of dissipation factor (tangent of the loss angle) or of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
power factor (sine of the loss angle) and may be expressed as
D 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-
a decimal value or as a percentage. For decimal values up to
mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulat-
2 0.05, dissipation factor and power factor values are equal to
ing Materials
each other within about one part in one thousand. In general,
D 923 Test Method for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liq-
3 since the dissipation factor or power factor of insulating oils in
uids
good condition have decimal values below 0.005, the two
D 2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
3 measurements (terms) may be considered interchangeable.
uids and Gases
4.1.2 The exact relationship between dissipation factor (D)
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
4 and power factor (PF) is given by the following equations:
Ventilation Ovens
D PF
PF 5 D 5 (1)
2 2
=1 1 D =12~PF!
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
The reported value of D or PF may be expressed as a
mittee D27.05 on Electrical Test.
decimal value or as a percentage. For example:
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Originally
published as D 924 – 47 T. Last previous edition D 924 – 92.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03. Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
ϵ2
D924–99
D or PF at 25°C 5 0.002 or 0.2% (2)
ready for use, at which time clean and dry the cell again in
accordance with Section 13.
4.2 Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)—Insulating
liquids are used in general either to insulate components of an
PROCEDURE FOR MAKING REFEREE TESTS
electrical network from each other and from ground, alone or
incombinationwithsolidinsulatingmaterials,ortofunctionas
9. Test Cells
the dielectric of a capacitor. For
...