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ASTM D7905/D7905M-14

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to delamination is one of the major design concerns for many advanced laminated composite structures. Knowledge of a laminated composite material’s resistance to interlaminar fracture is useful for product development and material selection. Furthermore, a measurement of the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness that is independent of specimen geometry or method of force introduction is useful for establishing design allowables used in damage tolerance analyses of composite structures. Knowledge of both the non-precracked and precracked toughnesses allows the appropriate value to be used for the application of interest.  
5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effect of fiber surface treatment, local variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on GIIc of a particular composite material;  
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of GIIc for composite materials with different constituents;  
5.2.3 To compare quantitatively the values of GIIc obtained from different batches of a specific composite material, for example, to use as a material screening criterion or to develop a design allowable; and  
5.2.4 To develop delamination failure criteria for composite damage tolerance and durability analyses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness, GIIc, of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates under mode II shear loading using the end-notched flexure (ENF) test (Fig. 1).  
1.2 This method is limited to use with composites consisting of unidirectional carbon-fiber- and glass-fiber-reinforced laminates. This limited scope reflects the experience gained in round robin testing. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials; however, certain interferences have been noted (see Section 6).  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2014
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.06 - Interlaminar Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7905/D7905M-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Effective Date
15-Mar-2019

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ASTM D7905/D7905M-14 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix CompositesASTM D7905/D7905M-14 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
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ASTM D7905/D7905M-14 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7905/D7905M − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture
Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
1
Matrix Composites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7905/D7905M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
Resins
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the
D2734 TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
mode II interlaminar fracture toughness, G , of unidirectional
IIc
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates under
Materials
modeIIshearloadingusingtheend-notchedflexure(ENF)test
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
(Fig. 1).
D5229/D5229M TestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
1.2 Thismethodislimitedtousewithcompositesconsisting
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
of unidirectional carbon-fiber- and glass-fiber-reinforced lami-
Composite Materials
nates. This limited scope reflects the experience gained in
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
round robin testing. This test method may prove useful for
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
other types and classes of composite materials; however,
tion
certain interferences have been noted (see Section 6).
D7264/D7264M Test Method for Flexural Properties of
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
terials
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process
brackets.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ASTM Test Methods
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
2. Referenced Documents
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3. Terminology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
3.1 Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.06 on
modulous fibers and their composites. Terminology D883
Interlaminar Properties.
definestermsrelatingtoplastics.TerminologyE6definesterms
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. DOI:
10.1520/D7905_D7905M-14
relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of conflict
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precendence
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. over the other terminology standards.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7905/D7905M − 14
FIG. 1 ENF Test Fixture and Specimen Nomenclature
NOTE 1—If the term represents a physical quantity, its analytical
3.3.5 a —delamination length used in fracture test
o
dimensionsarestatedimmediatelyfollowingtheterm(orlettersymbol)in
3.3.6 a —crack length calculated from an unloading
calc
fundamental dimension form, using the followin
...

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ASTM D7905/D7905M-19e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to delamination is one of the major design concerns for many advanced laminated composite structures. Knowledge of a laminated composite material’s resistance to interlaminar fracture is useful for product development and material selection. Furthermore, a measurement of the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness that is independent of specimen geometry or method of force introduction is useful for establishing design allowables used in damage tolerance analyses of composite structures. Knowledge of both the non-precracked and precracked toughnesses allows the appropriate value to be used for the application of interest.  
5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effect of fiber surface treatment, local variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on GIIc of a particular composite material;  
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5.2.4 To develop delamination failure criteria for composite damage tolerance and durability analyses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness, GIIc, of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates under mode II shear loading using the end-notched flexure (ENF) test (Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 ENF Test Fixture and Specimen Nomenclature  
1.2 This method is limited to use with composites consisting of unidirectional carbon-fiber- and glass-fiber-reinforced laminates. This limited scope reflects the experience gained in round robin testing. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials; however, certain interferences have been noted (see Section 6).  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D883-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the plastics industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which Committee D20 is responsible it is included only when judged, after review, by Subcommittee D20.92 to be a generally usable term.  
1.3 Definitions that are identical to those published by another standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization; for example, IUPAC is the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.  
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in discussion notes.
Note 1: It is recommended that definitions be reviewed periodically.  
1.4.1 When a new definition is added to this terminology standard, or the wording of a definition is revised, the date of the change shall be appended to the new or revised definition.  
1.5 For literature related to plastics terminology, see Appendix X1.  
1.6 Subsections 1.6.1 – 1.6.5 contain references to specific terminology standards that are relevant to specific plastic products or applications. In case of conflict between a definition contained in Terminology D883 and one contained in another standard, the definition given in Terminology D883 shall prevail.  
1.6.1 For terms related to thermal insulation, the applicable definitions are contained in Terminology C168.  
1.6.2 For terms related to electrical or electronic insulating materials, the applicable definitions are contained in Terminology D1711.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Data obtained by this test method shall not be used to predict the behavior of materials at elevated temperatures except in applications in which the conditions of time, temperature, method of loading, and stress are similar to those specified in the test.  
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1.2 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using very small amounts of material. The data obtained can be used for quality control and/or research and development purposes. For some classes of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,  
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,  
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5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well as composite systems in the form of cylindrical specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The compression data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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1.1 This test method describes an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometric procedure for identification and quantification of chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead in polymeric materials.  
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1.4 This test method is applicable for homogeneous polymeric material.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5023-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using very small amounts of material. The data obtained is used for quality control, research and development as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,  
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping.  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, refer to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those m...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of polymeric material systems.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 5.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established ...

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    English language
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