ASTM C693-93(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by Buoyancy
Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by Buoyancy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Density as a fundamental property of glass has basic significance. It is useful in the physical description of the glass and as essential data for research, development, engineering, and production.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of glasses at or near 25 °C, by buoyancy.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C693 − 93 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Density of Glass by Buoyancy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.2 Beaker, of convenient capacity (250 to 750 cm)tofit
inside the balance chamber and allow immersion of the basket
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
or wire loop specimen holder in distilled water.
of glasses at or near 25 °C, by buoyancy.
5.3 Thermometers, calibrated (20 to 30 °C), sensitive to
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
0.1 °C for determining air and water temperatures.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.4 Nickel-Chromium-Iron or Platinum-Alloy Wire, less
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- than 0.2-mm diameter for suspending the specimen either in a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
basket or a loop made of the same wire. The suspension wire
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- shall be cleaned by degreasing or heating in a vacuum. An
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
acceptable alternative method of cleaning the platinum-alloy
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the wire is to heat in an oxidizing gas flame until there is no longer
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
any color emitted from the gases passing around the wire.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.5 Weights, with accuracy of 0.1 mg.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.6 Barometer, with sensitivity of 1-mm Hg (optional, see
Note 3).
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Reagent
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
6.1 Distilled Water, fresh, boiled, and used within 24 h,
of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
allowed to stabilize at balance air temperature for at least 2 h
in the beaker.
3. Terminology
7. Test Specimen
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density of solids—the mass of a unit volume of a 7.1 Specimens weighing about 20 g, with a minimum of
material at a specified temperature. The units shall be stated as
seeds or other inclusions (Note 1), shall be taken or cut from
grams per cubic centimetre (see Terminology E12). the sample object, preferably in cylindrical or rectangular bar
form with smooth, slightly rounded surfaces having no cracks
4. Significance and Use
or sharp edges.
4.1 Density as a fundamental property of glass has basic
NOTE 1—For a specimen of 20 g with a density of approximately 2.5
significance. It is useful in the physical description of the glass
g/cm , a gaseous void of diameter 2 mm will cause an error in measured
density of 0.05 %.
and as essential data for research, development, engineering,
and production.
7.2 The specimens shall be cleaned, handling them with
tweezers throughout subsequent operations, by immersion
5. Apparatus
preferably in an ultrasonic bath of hot nitric acid, chromic-
5.1 Analytical Balance, with sensitivity and accuracy of 0.1 sulfuric acid, or organic degreasing solvent, followed by a
mg. rinsing in alcohol and distilled water. For samples only soiled
by ordinary handling or exposure, adequate cleaning may be
obtained using a warm 2 % volume MICRO-brand detergent,
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
followed by a deionized or distilled water rinse.
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 on
Physical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally Bowman,H.A.,andSchoonover,R.M.,“ProcedureforHighPrecisionDensity
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C693 – 93 (2013). Determinations by HydrostaticWeighing.” Journal of Research, National Bureau of
DOI: 10.1520/C0693-93R19. Standards, Vol 71C, No. 3, July–August 1967, pp. 179–198.
2 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Manufactured by International Products Corporation, PO Box 70, Burlington,
www.astm.org. NJ 08016.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C693 − 93 (2019)
TABLE 1 Density of Dry Air, g/cm
Pressure, mm Hg
Temperature,
°C
720 730 740 750 760 770
20 0.001 141 0.001 157 0.001 173 0.001 189 0.001 205 0.001 221
21 137 153 169 185 201 216
22 134 149 165 181 197 212
23 130 145 161 177 193 208
24 126 142 157 173 189 204
25 122 138 153 169 185 200
26 118 134 149 165 181 196
27 115 130 146 161 177 192
28 111 126 142 157 173 188
29 107 123 138 153 169 184
30 104 119 134 150 165 180
8. Procedure 9. Calculation
8.1 Hold the specimens and covered beaker of boiled
9.1 Calculate the weight of the specimen in water, W ,as
W
distilled water near the laboratory balance until the water has
follows:
cooled to ambient temperature before weighing.
W 5 W 2 W (1)
W T O
8.2 Read the laboratory air temperature to the nearest 1 °C.
9.2 Calculate the glass density, ρ, at the average air-water
Read the barometric pressure to the nearest 1-mm Hg. A fixed
laboratory tempera
...
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