ASTM D7686-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Field-Based Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants Using a Fixed-Filter Infrared (IR) Instrument
Standard Test Method for Field-Based Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants Using a Fixed-Filter Infrared (IR) Instrument
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple field-based technique for condition monitoring of soot in in-service lubricants associated with combustion engines, machinery, and equipment used in industry and by the military. Critical applications should use laboratory-based test methods, such as Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) described in Test Method D5967, Annex A4. Infrared spectroscopy is a well-established laboratory method for evaluating soot levels in lubricants. This test method can be used to monitor soot build-up in lubricants and can indicate whether soot has accumulated to an extent that could significantly degrade the performance of the oil. High soot content can compromise lubricant performance and cause filter and oil passage blockage. Soot concentration should be considered in conjunction with data from other condition monitoring tests as described in Practice E2412 to determine whether the oil should be replaced to minimize machinery wear or failure, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method pertains to field-based monitoring of soot in diesel crankcase engine oils as well as in other types of engine oils where soot may contaminate the lubricant as a result of a blow-by due to incomplete combustion of fuels. It is applicable to oils having soot levels of up to 12 % by mass.
1.2 This test method uses filter-based infrared technology for monitoring of soot build-up in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Soot levels in engine oils rise as soot particles contaminate the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation from blow-by. This test method is designed as a fast, simple, and field-capable spectroscopic check for soot in in-service hydrocarbon-based lubricants with the objective of helping diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of soot in the oil.
1.3 This test method is intended as a field test only, and should be treated as such. Critical applications should use laboratory based methods, such as Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) described in Test Method D5967, Annex A4.
1.4 Acquisition of spectral data for measuring soot in in-service oil and lubricant samples with the use of a fixed-filter IR instrument is described in this test method. Calibration against prepared soot standards is also described.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7686 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Field-Based Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service
1
Lubricants Using a Fixed-Filter Infrared (IR) Instrument
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method pertains to field-based monitoring of
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
soot in diesel crankcase engine oils as well as in other types of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
engine oils where soot may contaminate the lubricant as a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
result of a blow-by due to incomplete combustion of fuels. It is
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
applicable to oils having soot levels of up to 12 % by mass.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This test method uses filter-based infrared technology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
for monitoring of soot build-up in in-service petroleum and
2. Referenced Documents
hydrocarbon-based lubricants as a result of normal machinery
2
operation. Soot levels in engine oils rise as soot particles
2.1 ASTM Standards:
contaminate the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation from
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
blow-by. This test method is designed as a fast, simple, and
Fuels, and Lubricants
field-capable spectroscopic check for soot in in-service
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
hydrocarbon-based lubricants with the objective of helping
T-8 Diesel Engine
diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
measuring the level of soot in the oil.
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
1.3 This test method is intended as a field test only, and
D7418 Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Trans-
should be treated as such. Critical applications should use
form Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil
laboratory based methods, such as Thermal Gravimetric Analy-
Condition Monitoring
sis (TGA) described in Test Method D5967, Annex A4.
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
1.4 Acquisition of spectral data for measuring soot in
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
in-service oil and lubricant samples with the use of a fixed-
ASTM Test Methods
filter IR instrument is described in this test method. Calibration
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
against prepared soot standards is also described.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 1—It is not the intent of this test method to establish or
E2412 Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lu-
recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery.
bricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform
Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance
Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
3. Terminology
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
standard.
method, refer to Terminology D4175.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to infrared
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
spectroscopy used in this test method, refer to Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E131.
3.3 Definitions—For definition of terms related to in-service
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
oil condition monitoring, refer to Practice D7418.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to
2
In-Service Lubricants. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D7686 – 19. Standards volume information,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7686 − 19 D7686 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Field-Based Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service
1
Lubricants Using a Fixed-Filter Infrared (IR) Instrument
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method pertains to field-based monitoring of soot in diesel crankcase engine oils as well as in other types of engine
oils where soot may contaminate the lubricant as a result of a blow-by due to incomplete combustion of fuels. It is applicable to
oils having soot levels of up to 12 % by mass.
1.2 This test method uses filter-based infrared technology for monitoring of soot build-up in in-service petroleum and
hydrocarbon-based lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Soot levels in engine oils rise as soot particles
contaminate the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation from blow-by. This test method is designed as a fast, simple, and
field-capable spectroscopic check for soot in in-service hydrocarbon-based lubricants with the objective of helping diagnose the
operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of soot in the oil.
1.3 This test method is intended as a field test only, and should be treated as such. Critical applications should use laboratory based
methods, such as Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) described in Test Method D5967, Annex A4.
1.4 Acquisition of spectral data for measuring soot in in-service oil and lubricant samples with the use of a fixed-filter IR
instrument is described in this test method. Calibration against prepared soot standards is also described.
NOTE 1—It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits
should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to In-Service Lubricants.
Current edition approved July 15, 2019March 1, 2023. Published September 2019April 2023. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112019
as D7686 – 11.D7686 – 19. DOI:10.1520/D7686-19.DOI:10.1520/D7686-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7686 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D7418 Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition
Monitoring
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2412 Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
Spectrometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
...
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