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ASTM D4956-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control

Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible, non-exposed glass bead lens and microprismatic, retroreflective sheeting designed for use on traffic control signs, delineators, barricades, and other devices.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2004
ICS
93.080.30 - Road equipment and installations
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.38 - Highway Traffic Control Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4956-01a - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D4956-05 - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
Effective Date
15-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2706-18 - Standard Practice for Equipment Technology and Operations for Mobile and Plant-Based Secure Destruction Safety Requirements
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8514/D8514M-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility Vehicle Markings
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM E3165-18 - Standard Test Method for Nighttime Retroreflected Chromaticity of Retroreflective Sheeting
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM E1709-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Signs Using a Portable Retroreflectometer at a 0.2 Degree Observation Angle
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004

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ASTM D4956-04 - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic ControlASTM D4956-04 - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
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ASTM D4956-04 - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4956 – 04
Standard Specification for
1
Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrophotometric Data for
Object-Color Evaluation
1.1 This specification covers flexible, non-exposed glass
E1247 PracticeforDetectingFluorescenceinObject-Color
beadlensandmicroprismatic,retroreflectivesheetingdesigned
Specimens by Spectrophotometry
for use on traffic control signs, delineators, barricades, and
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
other devices.
surement by Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional Geometry
information only.
E2152 Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Objects from Bispectral Photometric Data
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This
E2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
for Evaluation of Fluorescent Color
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
E2301 TestMethodforDaytimeColorimetricPropertiesof
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materi-
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
als for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety
tions prior to use.
Applications Using 45°: Normal Geometry
2. Referenced Documents
G 7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure
2
Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme-
B209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
tallic Materials for Natural andArtificial Weathering Tests
Sheet and Plate
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-
B209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
Sheet and Plate [Metric]
G152 PracticeforOperatingOpenFlameCarbonArcLight
B449 Specification for Chromates on Aluminum
Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
E284 Terminology of Appearance
3. Terminology
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms are as described in
Using the CIE System
Terminology E284 and Practice E808.
E808 Practice for Describing Retroreflection
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
E810 Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of
3.2.1 reboundable sheeting, n—retroreflective material in-
Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
tended to be attached to flexible impact resistant plastic
E 991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent
devices, such as traffic drum-like channelizing devices.
Specimens
4. Classification
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road
4.1 Retroreflective sheeting shall consist of a white or
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on
colored sheeting having a smooth outer surface and that
Highway Traffic Control Materials.
essentially has the property of a retroreflector over its entire
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4956–01a. surface. There are ten types and five classes of retroreflective
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sheeting. Types are determined by conformance to the retrore-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
flectance, color, and durability requirements listed in 6.1 and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
may be of any construction providing that those requirements
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4956–04
are met. Type designation is provided as a means for differen- 4.2.7 Type VII—Asuper-high-intensityretroreflectivesheet-
tiating functional performance. Typical examples of applica- ing having highest retroreflectivity characteristics at long and
tions are provided fo
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers reflectorized thermoplastic based pavement striping material of the class that is applied to the road surface in a molten state by screed/extrusion or ribbon extrusion means. It deals with longitudinal applications in non snow plow areas, standard (non-profile) pavement marking applications, and applications on smooth asphalt or concrete surfaces. It does not include asphalt seal coat applications, which use large aggregate resulting in a very rough, open grade finish. This specification establishes requirements with respect to chemical composition and physical property of the thermoplastic pavement marking material, requirements for the optics that are used to reflectorize the thermoplastic pavement marking material after application, field performance requirements for the installed thermoplastic pavement markings, and material application requirements.
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1.1 This specification covers a reflectorized thermoplastic-based pavement striping material of the class that is applied to the road surface in a molten state by screed/extrusion or ribbon extrusion means. Retroreflectivity of the pavement marking compound is achieved initially by surface application of retroreflective optics at the time of pavement marking application. Upon cooling to normal pavement temperature, the pavement marking material produces an adherent reflectorized stripe of specified thickness and width capable of resisting deformation by traffic. The pavement marking compound includes retroreflective optics (glass beads or composite optics, or both) that are incorporated into the material at the time of manufacture that provide retroreflective properties during the service life of the material.  
1.1.1 This specification is limited to:
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1.1.2 This specification includes:
1.1.2.1 Compositional and physical property requirements of the thermoplastic pavement marking material,
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1.1.2.4 Material application requirements.  
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Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control

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1.1 This specification covers flexible, non-exposed glass-bead lens and microprismatic, retroreflective sheeting designed for use on traffic control signs, delineators, barricades, and other devices. This specification does not address inks, overlays, or other imaging methods that may be applied to retroreflective sheeting material to create traffic signs or other devices.  
1.2 Although this specification provides photometric requirements for retroreflective sheeting under evaluation, minimum performance requirements of in-service signs or other devices are outside the scope of this document.  
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5.1 This test method provides a structured procedure to establish a penetration rating for vehicle perimeter barriers subjected to a vehicle impact. Knowing the penetration rating helps to select an appropriate barrier for site-specific conditions around a facility.  
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1.1 This test method provides a range of vehicle impact conditions, designations, and penetration performance levels. This will allow an agency to select passive perimeter barriers and active entry point barriers appropriate for use at facilities with a defined moving vehicle threat. Agencies may adopt and specify those condition designations and performance levels in this test method that satisfy their specific needs. Agencies may also assign certification ratings for active and passive perimeter barriers based on the tests and test methodologies described herein. Many test parameters are standardized to arrive at a common vehicle type and mass, and replication, and produce uniform rating designations.  
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1.1.2.3 Field performance requirements for the installed thermoplastic pavement markings, and
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Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for the preparation of thermoplastic pavement marking material test specimens prior to testing for various properties as called for in the governing specification. Specimens that are prepared using this standard methodology yield test results that are consistent with the material from which it was sampled. Test results from specimens can be used to determine compliance of the thermoplastic pavement marking material to the specification. This practice can also be used by manufacturers of these materials to prepare specimens for testing to determine the uniformity of thermoplastic pavement marking materials from batch to batch.  
5.2 This practice does not address any issues related to specific testing of the thermoplastic pavement marking materials for any physical or chemical property.
SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Traffic paints must have good resistance to motor oil and fuel drippings on the highway. This test method describes the procedure necessary to evaluate the resistance of traffic paint to reference test fluids in order to simulate this type of action.
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