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ASTM C585-90(1998)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing (NPS System)

Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing (NPS System)

SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended as a dimensional standard for preformed rigid thermal insulation for pipes and tubing.
1.2 This practice covers insulation supplied in cylindrical sections, usually split into half-sections, and lists recommended inner and outer diameters of insulation having nominal wall thicknesses from 1 to 5 in. (25 to 127 mm) to fit over standard sizes of pipe and tubing.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-1998
ICS
27.220 - Heat recovery. Thermal insulation
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.20 - Homogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C585-90(2004) - Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing (NPS System)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM C610-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Molded Expanded Perlite Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C1729M-21 - Standard Specification for Aluminum Jacketing for Insulation
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C1710-22 - Standard Guide for Installation of Flexible Closed Cell Preformed Insulation in Tube and Sheet Form
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C1482-23 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Flexible Cellular Thermal and Sound Absorbing Insulation
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C1729-21 - Standard Specification for Aluminum Jacketing for Insulation
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C591-22 - Standard Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C1676/C1676M-23 - Standard Specification for Microporous Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C450-18 - Standard Practice for Fabrication of Thermal Insulating Fitting Covers for NPS Piping, and Vessel Lagging
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C534/C534M-23 - Standard Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C1427-21 - Standard Specification for Extruded Preformed Flexible Cellular Polyolefin Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C547-22a - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C1639-19 - Standard Specification for Fabrication Of Cellular Glass Pipe And Tubing Insulation
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C1126-19 - Standard Specification for Faced or Unfaced Rigid Cellular Phenolic Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Referred By
ASTM C552-22 - Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998

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ASTM C585-90(1998) - Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing (NPS System)ASTM C585-90(1998) - Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing (NPS System)
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ASTM C585-90(1998) - Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing (NPS System)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C585–90 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Practice for
Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid Thermal Insulation for
Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing (NPS System)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 585; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope manufacturers. Individual manufacturing processes may oper-
ate at slightly different tolerances.While the product will fit the
1.1 This practice is intended as a dimensional standard for
pipe, it may not readily nest as the outer layer between the
preformed rigid thermal insulation for pipes and tubing.
different materials or with different manufacturers. Care should
1.2 This practice covers insulation supplied in cylindrical
be exercised to determine these differences before specifying
sections, usually split into half-sections, and lists recom-
or ordering nesting sizes.
mendedinnerandouterdiametersofinsulationhavingnominal
4.3 Dimensions in accordance with this practice permit
wall thicknesses from 1 to 5 in. (25 to 127 mm) to fit over
application of one thickness of pipe insulation over another
standard sizes of pipe and tubing.
(Nesting or Simplified Dimensional System), to obtain total
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
thicknesses greater than those manufactured as single layer, or
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
for multilayer application when desired.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
5. Procedure
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—Suggested tolerances are shown for information purposes
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
only.
as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for
5.1 Measurement:
information only.
5.1.1 Measurement of inner and outer diameters shall be
2. Referenced Documents
made to the nearest ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) using a steel tape or rule.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1.1.1 Half Sections—The diameter reported for each half-
C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating section shall be the average of six measurements taken at three
Materials locations including two near the ends and one near the center
(see Fig. 1a and Fig. 2a). Three of the six readings shall be
3. Terminology
taken in the longitudinal plane of the flat, cut surface: the other
3.1 Definitions—Definitions pertaining to insulation are de- three shall each be twice a half-diameter in the longitudinal
fined in Terminology C 168C 168.
plane at right angles to that of the first three (see Fig. 1b and
Fig. 2b).
4. Significance and Use
5.1.1.2 Hinged Sections—The diameter reported for each
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to ensure satisfactory fit
hinged section shall be the average of four measurements taken
on standard sizes, to accommodate radial expansion of pipes
at both ends of the section (two per end) (see Fig. 3). The two
and tubes which are heated after being insulated, and to
measurements at each end shall be at right angles.
minimize the number of insulation sizes and thicknesses to be
5.2 Recommended Inner Diameters:
manufactured and stocked.
5.2.1 Inner diameters and suggested tolerances for nominal
4.2 While insulation may be manufactured to these recom-
sizes of insulation for pipe are shown in Table 1. Iron pipe in
mended dimensions, care should be exercised in attempting to
sizes for 4 ⁄2 , 5, 7-in. (113, 125, 175-mm), and larger
nest layers of different materials, or layers supplied by different
odd-numbered diameters is not standard, but insulation for
these is included for multi-layer purposes.
5.2.2 Inner diameters and suggested tolerances for nominal
1 sizes of tubing through 6 in. (150-mm) are shown in Table 2.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-16 on Thermal
5.3 Recommended Outer Diameters:
InsulationandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC16.20onHomogeneous
Inorganic Thermal Insulations.
5.3.1 Nominal outer diameters for nominal sizes of pipe are
Current edition approved June 29, 1990. Published August 1990. Originally
shown in Table 3 and Table 4 and tubing in Table 5 and Table
published as C 585 – 66 T to replace C 312 and C 521. Last previous edition
6. It should be noted that these values for both pipe and tubing
C 585 – 89.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06. are identical with iron pipe outer diameters as shown in
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C585–90 (1998)
Fig. 1a Three Meaurement Locations
Fig. 1b Diameter and Half-Diameter Measurement Locations
FIG. 1 Inner Diameter Measurement
Fig. 2a Three Measurement Locations
Fig. 2b Diameter and Half-Diameter Measurement Locations
FIG. 2 Outer Diameter Measurement
Columns2and3ofTable3andTable4.Table3,Table4,Table 6. Keywords
5, and Table 6 are for nesting purposes only. When product is
6.1 pipe thermal insulation diameter; pipe thermal insula-
to be nested, it shall be so stated on order.
tion dimension; pipe thermal insulation thickness; thermal
5.3.2 Suggested maximum outer diameters for nominal
insulation; thermal insulating materials-pipe; thermal insulat-
sizes of pipe are shown in Table 7 and Table 8 and tubing in
ing materials-rigid; tubing thermal insulation thickness
Table 9 and Table 10. Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, and Table 10
are for jacketing purposes only.
5.4 Approximate Insulation Wall Thickness:
5.4.1 For information purposes, the wall thicknesses of pipe
insulation obtained by subtracting inner diameters in Table 1
from corresponding outer diameters inTable 3 andTable 4, and
dividingtheresultsbytwo,areshowninTable11.Correspond-
ing values for tubing are shown in Table 12.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C585–90 (1998)
FIG. 3 Hinged Section Measurement Locations
TABLE 1 Inner Diameter of Insulation for Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)
Pipe Insulation
Tolerance
Nominal Size Outer Diameter Inner Diameter
Minus Plus
in. in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
1 1
⁄2 0.840 21.3 0.86 22 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
3 1
⁄4 1.050 26.7 1.07 27 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
1 1.315 33.4 1.33 34 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
1 1
1 ⁄4 1.660 42.2 1.68 43 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
1 1
1 ⁄2 1.900 48.3 1.92 49 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
2 2.375 60.3 2.41 61 0 0 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
2 ⁄2 2.875 73.0 2.91 74 0 0 ⁄32 2.4
3 3.500 88.9 3.53 90 0 0 ⁄32 2.4
1 1 3
3 ⁄2 4.000 101.6 4.03 102 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
4 4.500 114.3 4.53 115 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 1 3
4 ⁄2 5.000 127.0 5.03 128 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
5 5.563 141.4 5.64 143 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
6 6.625 168.3 6.70 170 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
7 7.625 193.7 7.70 196 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
8 8.625 219.1 8.70 221 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
9 9.625 244.5 9.70 246 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
10 10.750 273.0 10.83 275 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
11 11.750 298.4 11.83 300 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
12 12.750 323.8 12.84 326 ⁄16 1.6 ⁄32 2.4
A
1 5
14 14.000 355.6 14.09 358 ⁄16 1.6 ⁄32 4.0
A
Larger sizes through 26 in., in 1-in. (25.4-mm) increments.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C585–90 (1998)
TABLE 2 Inner Diameter of Insulation Tubes
Tube Insulation
Tolerance
Nominal Size Outer Diameter Inner Diameter
Minus Plus
in. in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
3 1
⁄8 0.500 12.7 0.52 13 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
1 1
⁄2 0.625 15.9 0.64 16 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
3 1
⁄4 0.875 22.2 0.89 23 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
1 1.125 28.6 1.14 29 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
1 1
1 ⁄4 1.375 34.9 1.39 35 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
1 1
1 ⁄2 1.625 41.3 1.64 42 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
2 2.125 54.0 2.16 55 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
1 1
2 ⁄2 2.625 66.7 2.66 68 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
3 3.125 79.4 3.16 80 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
1 1
3 ⁄2 3.625 92.1 3.66 93 0 0 ⁄16 1.6
1 3
4 4.125 104.8 4.16 106 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
5 5.125 130.2 5.16 131 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
1 3
6 6.125 155.6 6.20 157 ⁄32 0.8 ⁄32 2.4
TABLE 3 Outer Diameters of Insulation for Nominal Pipe Sizes (NPS), in.
Pipe Insulation, Nominal Thickness
1 1 1 1
in. 1 1 ⁄2 22 ⁄2 33 ⁄2 44 ⁄2 5
Nominal
Size
mm 25 38 51 64 76 89 102 114 127
A
in. Outer Diameter, in.
⁄2 2.88 4.00 5.00 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75
⁄4 2.88 4.00 5.00 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75
1 3.50 4.50 5.56 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75
1 ⁄4 3.50 5.00 5.56 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75
1 ⁄2 4.00 5.00 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75
2 4.50 5.56 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75
2 ⁄2 5.00 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00
3 5.56 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00
3 ⁄2 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 12.75 14.00
4 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00 15.00
4 ⁄2 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00 14.00 15.00
5 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00 15.00 16.00
6 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00
7 . 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00
8 . 11.75 12.75 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00
9 . 12.75 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00
10 . 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00
11 . 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00
12 . 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00
B
... 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00
A
These are identical with pipe outer diameters (see Table 1, Columns 2 and 3).
B
Larger sizes through 36 in., in 1-in. (25.4-mm) increments.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C585–90 (1998)
TABLE 4 Outer Diameters of Insulation for Nominal Pipe Sizes (NPS), mm
Pipe Insulation, Nominal Thickness
1 1 1 1
in. 1 1 ⁄2 22 ⁄2 33 ⁄2 44 ⁄2 5
Nominal
Size
mm 25 38 51 64 76 89 102 114 127
A
in. Outer Diameter, mm
⁄2 73 102 127 168 194 219 244 273 298
⁄4 73 102 127 168 194 219 244 273 298
1 89 114 141 168 194 219 244 273 298
1 ⁄4 89 127 141 168 194 219 244 273 298
1 ⁄2 102 127 168 194 219 244 273 298 324
2 114 141 168 194 219 244 273 298 324
2 ⁄2 127 168 194 219 244 273 298 324 356
3 141 168 194 219 244 273 298 324 356
3 ⁄2 168 194 219 244 273 298 324 356 381
4 168 194 219 244 273 298 324 356 381
4 ⁄2 194 219 244 273 298 324 356 381 406
5 194 219 244 273 298 324 356 381 406
6 219 244 273 298 324 356 381 406 432
7 . 273 298 324 356 381 406 432 457
8 . 298 324 356 381 406 432 457 483
9 . 324 356 381 406 432 457 483 508
10 . 356 381 406 432 457 483 508 533
11 . 381 406 432 457 483 508 533 559
12 . 406 432 457 483 508 533 559 584
B
14 . 432 457 483 508 533 559 584 610
A
These are identical with pipe outer diameters (see Table 1, Columns 2 and 3).
B
Larger sizes through 36 in., in 1-in. (25.4-mm) increments.
TABLE 5 Outer Diameters of Insulation for Tubes, in.
Tube Insulation, Nominal Thickness
1 1 1 1
in. 1 1 ⁄2 22 ⁄2 33 ⁄2 44 ⁄2 5
Nominal
Size
mm 25 38 51 64 76 89 102 114 127
A
in. Outer Diameter, in.
⁄8 2.38 3.50 4.50 5.56 6.62 . . . .
⁄2 2.88 3.50 4.50 5.56 6.62 . . . .
⁄4 2.88 4.00 5.00 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75
1 2.88 4.00 5.00 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75
1 ⁄4 3.50 4.50 5.56 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75
1 ⁄2 3.50 4.50 5.56 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75
2 4.00 5.00 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75
2 ⁄2 4.50 5.56 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75
3 5.00 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00
3 ⁄2 5.56 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00
4 6.62 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00 15.00
5 7.62 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00 15.00 16.00
6 8.62 9.62 10.75 11.75 12.75 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00
A
These are identical with pipe outer diameters (see Table 1, Columns 2 and 3).
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C585–90 (1998)
TABLE 6 Outer Diameters of Insulation for Tubes, mm
Tube Insulation, Nominal Thickness
1 1 1 1
in. 1 1 ⁄2 22 ⁄2 33 ⁄2 44 ⁄2 5
Nominal
Size
mm 25 38 51 64 76 89 102 114 127
A
in. Outer Diameter, mm
⁄8 60 89 114 141 168 . . . .
⁄2 73 89 114 141 168 . . . .
⁄4 73 102 127 168 194 219 244 273 298
1 73 102 127 168 194 219 244 273 298
1 ⁄4 89 114 141 168 194 219 244 273 298
1 ⁄2 89 114 141 168 194 219 244 273 298
2 102 127 168 194 219 244 273 298 324
2 ⁄2 114 141 168 194 219 244 273 298 324
3 127 168 194 219 244 273 298 324 356
3 ⁄2 141 168 194 219 244 273 298 324 356
4 168 194 219 244 273 298 324 356 381
5 194 219 244 273 298 324 356 381 406
6 219 244 273 298 324 356 381 406 432
A
These are identical with pipe outer diameters (see Table 1, Columns 2 and 3).
TABLE 7 Outer Diameters of Insulation for Nominal Pipe Sizes (NPS), maximum, in.
Pipe Insulation, Nominal Thickness
1 1 1 1
Nominal in. 1 1 ⁄2 22 ⁄2 33 ⁄2 44 ⁄2 5
Size
mm 25 38 51 64 76 89 102 114 127
A
in. Outer Diameter, in.
⁄2 3.25 4.38 5.38 7 8 9 10 11.13 12.13
⁄4 3.25 4.38 5.38 7 8 9 10 11.13 12.13
1 3.88 4.88 6789 10 11.13 12.13
1 ⁄4 3.88 5.38 6789 10 11.13 12.13
1 ⁄2 4.38 5.38 7 8 9 10 11.13 12.13 13.13
2 4.88 6789 10 11.13 12.13 13.13
2 ⁄2 5.38 7 8 9 10 11.13 12.13 13.13 14.38
3 6 7 8 9 10 11.13 12.13 13.13 14.38
3 ⁄2 7 8 9 10 11.13 12.13 13.13 13.13 14.38
4 7 8 9 10 11.13 12.13 13.13 14.38 15.38
4 ⁄2 8 9 10 11.13 12.13 13.13 14.38 14.38 15.38
5 9 9 10 11.13 12.13 13.13 14.38 15.38 16.38
6 9 10 11.13 12.13 13.13 14.38 15.38 16.38 17.38
7 . 11.13 12.13 13.13 14.38 15.38 16.38 17.38 18.38
8 . 12.13 13.13 14.38 15.38 16.38 17.38 18.38 19.38
9 . 13.13 14.38 15.38 16.38 17.38 18.38 19.38 20.38
10 . 14.38 15.38 16.38 17.38 18.38 19.38 20.38 21.38
11 . 15.38 16.38 17.38 18.38 19.38 20.38 21.38 22.38
12 . 16.38 17.38 18.38 19.38 20.38 21.38 22.38 23.38
B
14 . 17.50 18.50 19.50 20.50 21.50 22.50 23.50 24.50
A
These are identical with pipe outer diameters (see Table 1, Columns 2 and 3).
B
Larger sizes through 36 in., in 1-in. (25.4-mm) increments.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest info
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Note 1: See Appendix X1 for guidance on determining wind pressure resistance of panels when required for wall sheathing applications.  
1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is typically regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance. Where required, the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 2: For conversion to metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C488-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Finishes for Thermal Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Both physical and chemical changes possibly occur from weather exposure, and these changes affect performance properties, service life, and maintenance schedules. For this reason, tests of properties relating to performance shall be made both before and after specific periods of outdoor exposure.  
5.2 This test method recognizes that differing geographical locations, environmental conditions, differences between surface temperatures and ambient temperatures, and test durations have extremely varied effects upon the test results.  
5.3 This test method is to be used for comparative qualitative testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers out-of-doors exposure testing of finishes that are normally field-applied to thermal insulation and possibly include joints or joint sealants, or both. Such exposure is essential prior to the determination of certain physical properties when the finish is to be exposed to exterior weather conditions. This test method also indicates possible compatibility problems between the joint sealant and the finish as well as the ability of the finish to span a dry joint. This test method is not intended to evaluate mildew resistance, efflorescence, or chemical resistance.  
Note 1: For testing free plastic films, see Practice D1435.  
1.2 This test method does not prescribe the method of application, test duration, or inspection intervals.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C461-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapour barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use. Take the samples for laboratory examination from the original containers immediately after stirring to a uniform condition. Determine the number of containers sampled as required representing a shipment. Open the original containers and examine them for uniformity of contents. The procedures for determining the stability of coatings under freezing are presented in details. The paper covers the determination of the volume of volatile matter and the coverage per unit of dry film thickness of mastics and coatings. Application of the material to the test panels shall meet the requirements prescribed, or to the thickness and by the method to be followed in practice, such as spray, brush, or trowel. Test the coated panel prepared in accordance with the required method at 15-min intervals to determine the time required to set-to-touch, and at 30-min intervals to determine the time to reach practical hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapor retarder finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Section  
Sampling  
4  
Uniformity and Storage Stability  
5  
Stability Under Freezing  
6  
Density and Weight per Gallon  
7  
Consistency  
8  
Solids Content  
9  
Content of Volume Solids and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings  
10  
Sag Resistance (Build)  
11  
Drying Time  
12  
Flash Point  
13  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C665-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured Housing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Typical mineral-fiber thermal insulation is classified into the following types, classes, and categories: Type I; Type II (Class A, Class B, and Class C (Category 1 and Category 2)); and Type III (Class A, Class B, and Class C (Category 1 and Category 2)). The following test methods shall be performed: dimensions; thermal resistance; surface burning characteristics; critical radiant flux; water vapor permeance; water vapor sorption; odor emission; corrosiveness; and fungi resistance.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
11.1 This specification applies to products that are used in buildings. While products that comply with this specification are used in various constructions, they are adaptable primarily, but not exclusively, to wood frame construction.  
11.2 Since the property of thermal resistance for a specific thickness of blanket is only part of the total thermal performance of a building element such as a wall, ceiling, floor, and so forth, this specification states only general classifications for thermal resistance of the fibrous blanket itself. Facings that provide additional resistance to water-vapor transfer can affect system performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Values for water-vapor permeance of facings are suggested for information that will be helpful to designers and installers.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C795-08(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. The material shall conform to the established requirements of the basic material specification. The physical and chemical requirements shall conform to the requirements of the basic material specification. Preproduction corrosion test and chemical analysis shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. In addition to meeting the requirements specified in their individual material specifications, issued under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16, these insulations must pass the preproduction test requirements of Test Method C692, for stress corrosion effects on austenitic stainless steel, and the confirming quality control, chemical requirements, when tested in accordance with the Test Methods C871.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C686-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Parting Strength of Mineral Fiber Batt- and Blanket-Type Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tensile strength is a fundamental property associated with mineral fiber manufacture since it is influenced by the type of fiber, the deposition of fiber, the type and the amount of bonding agent, and the method of curing the resin to form a bonded insulation product. The test is an indication of product integrity and the ability of the product to be successfully handled and applied in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers evaluation of strength in tension on mineral fiber batt- and blanket-type insulation products. It is useful for determining the comparative tensile properties of these products, specimens of which cannot be held by the more conventional clamp-type grips. This is a quality control method, and the results shall not be used for design purposes. It is not suitable for board-type products.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1134-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following Partial Immersion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15 mm (0.59 in.) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
4.2 This test method is used to assess both the short-term water retention and the long-term water retention. The short-term water retention is assessed as the average of the water retained following partial immersion intervals of 0.75-h and 3.00-h, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). The long-term water retention is assessed as the water retained following a 168-h partial immersion interval, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness).  
4.3 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the corresponding information shall be provided in the test report. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square meter) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) or if the actual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) but greater than 15 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.  
4.3.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thicknesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, the water intake ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, are not necessarily directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness are not necessarily directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. It is possible that specimens with rough surfaces will retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and that surface treatment during specimen preparation will affect water intake and retention. Therefore, it is not advisable to directly compare results for materials with different surface characteristics.  
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually inst...

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ASTM
ASTM C667-17(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Prefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipment and Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating at temperatures above ambient in air proposed for use in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants. The insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabricated metal construction made of an inner and outer casing arranged to form a rigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner and outer casing and the individual reflective liners. The reflective insulation described herein is limited to systems of insulating units, designed to fit the equipment or piping to be insulated. The units shall be manufactured from metals that are in accordance with the thermal, physical, and chemical requirements not only of the insulation as unit, but also as an assembly of units forming the insulation system.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating in air at temperatures above ambient. Typical applications are in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants.  
1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reduces radiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surfaces of high reflectance and low emittance.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C592-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber blanket insulation and blanket-type pipe insulation (metal-mesh covered) (industrial type). Mineral fiber metal-mesh covered blanket shall be composed of rock, slag, or glass processed from the molten state into fibrous form, bonded with or without an organic binder, and secured with metallic supporting facing(s). Types of facings for one or both sides of blanket units shall be specified. When both sides are to be faced, units are permitted to have the same or different types on the two sides. Each piece of metal-mesh covered insulation shall be coherent to permit handling/transportation and installation as a unit. A detectable odor of objectionable nature recorded by more than two of the five panel members shall constitute rejection of the material. When tested and evaluated, the corrosion resulting from the unfaced insulation blanket in contact with metal plates shall be judged to be no greater than comparative plates in contact with sterile cotton. The averaged maximum shot content of mineral fiber rock or slag type products shall not exceed 30 % by weight. When tested, the blanket insulation shall not warp, flame, or glow during hot surface exposure. When tested, the blanket mid-point temperature shall not at any time exceed the hot surface temperature by more than 100°F (55.5°C). When tested, the blanket insulation shall not exceed the recorded temperature rise more than 54°F (30°C) with no flaming and weight loss exceeding 5 %.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, dimensions, and physical properties of mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) metal mesh covered and industrial type blanket and blanket-type pipe insulation (typically on 24 in. (610 mm) diameters or larger)). Its use is for cooled surfaces at temperatures operating below ambient to 0°F (−18°C) and on heated surfaces on expansion joints to large diameter vessels and tanks operating at temperatures up to 1200°F (649°C). Specific applications outside the actual use temperatures shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers shall be used on below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture/water vapor through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection. Although vapor retarder properties are not part of this specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are pertinent to applications or performance.  
1.3 The orientation of the fibers within the blanket is primarily parallel to the heated surface. This specification does not cover fabricated pipe and tank wrap insulation where the insulation has been cut and fabricated to provide fiber orientation that is perpendicular to the heated surface.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to provide the performance requirements of hourly-rated fire systems. Consult the manufacturer for the appropriate system.  
1.5 See Supplementary Requirements for modifications to sections in this standard only when specified by purchaser in the contract or order from the U.S. Military specifications utilized by the U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Navy, and the Naval Systems Command.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internatio...

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