ASTM F3137-15(2022)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Headgear Used in Women’s Lacrosse (excluding Goalkeepers)
Standard Specification for Headgear Used in Women’s Lacrosse (excluding Goalkeepers)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements and corresponding test methods for protective headgear used in women's lacrosse (excluding goalkeepers). It addresses forces of some of the incidental stick and ball to headgear impacts to non-goaltending field players that may occur while engaging in women's lacrosse.
Included in this specification are the classification of women's lacrosse headgear (adult and youth); materials construction; apparatus used for testing; calibration of instrumentation used in testing; samples for testing; conditioning requirements; projectile requirements; and product marking. Headgear shall undergo and pass shock absorption, ball impact absorption, and deformation tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines performance requirements for headgear to be used by field player’s participating in the sport of women’s lacrosse. The technical requirements in this specification do not address the administrative requirements of lacrosse governing bodies, so it should not be assumed that any headgear satisfying this specification will be acceptable for use in sanctioned lacrosse events.
1.2 The purpose of this specification is to provide reliable and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of protective headgear for women’s adult and youth lacrosse training and play. When designated optional equipment by lacrosse governing bodies, it is important that it not increase the risk of injury to players who choose not to wear it. Impacts from stick, ball, other player, ground, or other objects may be decreased in severity by use of this headgear. However, the relationship between impact and injury is not fully understood.
1.3 No headgear can provide protection against all impacts, foreseeable or not. This specification does not address the potential for injury from any type of impact.
1.4 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446 and Specification F3077, except where noted in this specification. If there is a conflict between this standard and Test Methods F1446 and Specification F3077, this standard shall control.
1.5 Partial compliance with this standard is prohibited.
1.6 The values stated in SI (International System of Units) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Metric units of measurement in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value for measurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F3137 −15 (Reapproved 2022) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Headgear Used in Women’s Lacrosse (excluding
Goalkeepers)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3137; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This specification defines performance requirements for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
headgear to be used by field player’s participating in the sport
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
of women’s lacrosse. The technical requirements in this speci-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fication do not address the administrative requirements of
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
lacrossegoverningbodies,soitshouldnotbeassumedthatany
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
headgear satisfying this specification will be acceptable for use
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
in sanctioned lacrosse events.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 The purpose of this specification is to provide reliable
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of protective
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
headgear for women’s adult and youth lacrosse training and
play. When designated optional equipment by lacrosse govern-
2. Referenced Documents
ing bodies, it is important that it not increase the risk of injury
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to players who choose not to wear it. Impacts from stick, ball,
F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used in
other player, ground, or other objects may be decreased in
Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protective
severity by use of this headgear. However, the relationship
Headgear
between impact and injury is not fully understood.
F2220 Specification for Headforms
1.3 No headgear can provide protection against all impacts,
F3077 Specification for Eye Protectors for Women’s La-
foreseeable or not. This specification does not address the
crosse
potential for injury from any type of impact.
2.2 Other Standards:
1.4 All testing and requirements of this specification shall ND001 NOCSAE Standard Test Method and Equipment
Used in Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of
be in accordance with Test Methods F1446 and Specification
F3077, except where noted in this specification. If there is a Protective Headgear/Equipment
ND021 NOCSAE Standard Projectile Impact Testing
conflict between this standard and Test Methods F1446 and
Specification F3077, this standard shall control. Method and Equipment Used in Evaluating the Perfor-
mance Characteristics of Protective Headgear, Faceguards
1.5 Partial compliance with this standard is prohibited.
or Projectiles
1.6 The values stated in SI (International System of Units)
ND049 NOCSAE Standard Performance Specification For
units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in
Newly Manufactured Lacrosse Balls
parentheses are for information only. Metric units of measure-
ment in this specification are in accordance with the Interna-
3. Terminology
tional System of Units (SI). If a value for measurement as
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in
specification, see Test Methods F1446.
other units, the first stated is to be regarded as the requirement.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
A given equivalent value may be approximate.
3.2.1 helmet position index (HPI), n—a manufacturer of
headgear may specify the HPI to be used to achieve a
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.53 on Headgear and Helmets. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F3137 – 15. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F3137-15R22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3137−15 (2022)
reasonable fit during testing. If no HPI is specified, the fitting 6.2.2 All edges shall be smooth and rounded and there shall
instructions shall be used to obtain a reasonable fit. If the be no rigid projections on the inside of the headgear that could
specified HPI does not provide a reasonable fit as determined come in contact with the wearer’s head.
by the technician, or the fit with the specified HPI or fitting 6.2.3 All external projections shall be smooth to other
instructions is likely to yield erroneous test results, the techni- surfaces.
cianshallfittheheadgeartothebestoftheirabilityonthemost
6.3 ProtectedArea—Theareaabovethetestline(seeFig.1)
appropriate headform.
shall be considered the protected area.All parts of the wearer’s
head covered by the area of the headgear shall be protected at
4. Significance and Use
least to the minimum performance requirements of 7.2 (Shock
4.1 Women’s Lacrosse is a distinctive sport with inherent
Absorption Test), 7.3 (Ball Impact Absorption Test) and 7.4
risks. Participation in the sport implies acceptance of risk of
(Deformation Test). Within the Deformation Test, the portions
injury. This specification was developed to address forces of
which relate to the specific protective eyewear can be omitted,
some of the incidental stick and ball to headgear impacts to
see 6.1.4.
non-goaltendingfieldplayersthatmayoccurwhileengagingin
Women’s Lacrosse. Although headgear satisfying this specifi-
7. Performance Requirements
cation may provide limited protection against some impacts,
7.1 General—Headgear shall be capable of meeting the
catastrophic/life threatening impacts are not addressed by this
requirements in this performance specification throughout their
specification. In addition, the cumulative effect of multiple
full range of adjustment.
sub-concussive impacts is not addressed here.
7.2 ShockAbsorption Test—When tested in accordance with
NOTE 1—Protection provided by headgear satisfying this specification
is not equivalent to the protection provided by “helmets” used in many
Section 14 (Mechanical Tests), the peak acceleration of any
other sports activities. Headgear that meets these standard specifications
impact shall not exceed 80 g.
may not provide significant protection in some head impact situations.
7.3 Ball Impact Absorption Test—When tested in accor-
5. Classification
dance with Section 14 (Mechanical Tests), the peak accelera-
5.1 Women’s lacrosse headgear (adult and youth) shall be tion of any impact shall not exceed 80 g.
classified into the following types:
7.4 Deformation Test—When tested in accordance with
5.2 Type I—A headgear without protective eyewear, in the Section14(MechanicalTests),theheadgearmustmakecontact
condition offered for sale, that allows for the proper use of with the MEP pad on both sides of the half-rod anvil as
protective eyewear meeting Specification F3077. indicated by contact paste.
5.3 Type II—A headgear designed to be worn with specific 7.5 The headgear shall remain intact with no visible cracks
protectiveeyewearmeetingSpecificationF3077integratedinto
through the thickness of the outer covering.
the headgear, in the condition as offered for sale.
8. Apparatus
6. General Construction
8.1 Apparatus used for this testing shall be in accordance
6.1 Materials of Construction:
with Test Methods F1446 except as noted herein.
6.1.1 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
8.2 Shock Absorption Test—The apparatus for the shock
or skin shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.
absorption test shall consist of the following:
6.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
8.2.1 Test Headforms—Test headforms that correspond to
or skin, except replaceable padding, shall not undergo signifi-
thephysicaldimensionsdefinedinSpecificationF2220assizes
cant loss of strength or flexibility, or other physical change as
A, E, and J. The weight of the drop assembly, including the
a result of perspiration, oil, or grease from the wearer’s skin
headform, shall be in accordance with 8.2.3. The test head-
and hair.
forms shall include surface markings corresponding to the
6.1.3 Any material used in the construction of headgear
basic, coronal, midsagittal, and reference planes.
shall not be adversely affected by ordinary household soap and
8.2.2 Guide Assembly—The headform shall be attached to
water, mild household detergent, or cleaners recommended by
the free fall drop assembly carriage by an adjustable mounting
the manufacturer.
that will allow impacts to be delivered to any prescribed point
6.1.4 For Type II Headgear, any components relating to the
on the headgear. For more information see Test Methods
specific protective eyewear used to pass Specification F3077
F1446.
can be omitted from 6.1 (Materials of Construction) and 6.2
8.2.3 Headform and Carriage Assembly—The test head-
(Construction).
forms shall be made of K1A magnesium material. The head-
6.1.5 Exterior surfaces of the headgear portion must be of a
form and carriage assembly shall have a mass of:
flexible composition and this is to be confirmed by using the
J–headform and carriage assembly = 4.7 ± 0.14 kg
deformation test as described in 14.4 (Deformation Test).
E–headform and carriage assembly = 4.1 ± 0.12 kg
A–headform and carriage assembly = 3.1 ± 0.10 kg
6.2 Construction:
6.2.1 Any optional devices, excepting eye protection, for 8.2.3.1 The carriage assembly (excludes ball arm and
the headgear shall be designed so that they are unlikely to clamp) shall contribute to no more than 50 % of the total mass.
cause any injury to the wearer or other participants during 8.2.4 Impact Surface—The impact surface shall be a flat
contact. modular elastomer programmer (MEP) 152.4 mm (6 in.) in
F3137−15 (2022)
FIG. 1Headform Test Line
diameter and 25.4 mm (1 in.) in thickness which is firmly fixed 8.4.1 Test Headforms—Test headforms that correspond to
to the top surface of a flat anvil. The MEP required is a 60 6 thephysicaldimensionsdefinedinSpecificationF2220assizes
5 Durometer Shore A Hardness impact surface. The base shall A, E, and J. The weight of the drop assembly, including the
consist of a rigid slab weighing at least 136.1 kg (300 lb). The headform, shall be in accordance with 8.4.3. The test head-
top surface of this base may be used as the flat metal anvil if forms shall include surface markings corresponding to the
it is faced with a steel plate with minimum thickness of 25.4 basic, coronal, midsagittal, and reference planes.
2 2
mm (1 in.) and minimum top surface area of 0.09 m (1 ft ). If
8.4.2 Guide Assembly—The headform shall be attached to
a detachable flat metal anvil is used it must have a top surface
the free fall drop assembly carriage by an adjustable mounting
2 2
area of at least 290.3 cm (45 in. ).The MEPis mounted on an
that will allow impacts to be delivered to any prescribed point
aluminum plate with a minimum thickness of 5.6 mm (0.220
on the headgear. For more information, see Test Methods
in.) after grinding.
F1446.
8.4.3 Headform and Carriage Assembly—The test head-
8.3 Ball Impact Absorption Test:
8.3.1 Apparatus used for this testing shall be in accordance forms shall be made of K1A magnesium material. The head-
with NOCSAE ND001 and NOCSAE ND021 except as noted form and carriage assembly shall have a mass of:
herein.
J–headform and carriage assembly = 4.7 ± 0.14 kg
E–headform and carriage assembly = 4.1 ± 0.12 kg
8.3.2 The propelling device shall be capable of hurling the
A–headform and carriage assembly = 3.1 ± 0.10 kg
test projectiles horizontally at the speed described in 14.3.2.
8.3.3 Projectiles(balls)shallbeintendedforuseinthegame 8.4.3.1 The carriage assembly (excludes ball arm and
of women’s lacrosse and shall meet the requirements of clamp) shall contribute to no more than 50 % of the total mass.
NOCSAE ND049.
8.4.4 Impact Surface—The impact surface shall be a flat
8.3.4 Equipment employed to measure the speed of the test
modular elastomer programmer (MEP) described in 8.2.3 with
ball within 1.0 m of impact shall be accurate to within 6 1.0
the addition of the RodAnvil described in 8.4.5. The rod anvil
m/s muzzle velocity. Each impact velocity shall be measured
shall be affixed on top of the MEP surface and be centrally
and if not within the tolerance, that impact is not valid.
located so as to always divide the MEPsurface in equal halves.
8.3.5 Test Headforms—HeadformstobeusedshallbeNOC-
Impact surface is to be covered with a layer of contact paste.
SAE small headforms and meet the headform specifications
Layer of paste should be no thicker than 1.5 mm (0.0625 in).
outlined in NOCSAE ND001.
8.4.5 Rod Anvil—The rod anvil shall be one half of a
8.4 Deformation Test: cylinder with a diameter of 12.7 mm (0.5 in) 6 0.5 mm and a
F3137−15 (2022)
minimumlengthof152.4mm(6in.)(seeFig.2).Therodanvil absorptiontestshallbe5 60.1kg(11.00 60.2lb).Threesuch
shall be of steel construction and rigidly attached to the MEP impacts,atintervalsof75+15s,shallbeperformedbeforeand
surface, so as to not move during the Deformation Test. aftereachseriesoftests.Thepeakaccelerationobtainedduring
impact shall be 148 6 8 g. If the average peak acceleration
9. Equipment Calibration and System Checks
obtained in the post test impacts differs by more than 5 % from
9.1 Instrumentation used in testing shall be calibrated ac- the average peak acceleration obtained in the pretest impacts,
the following checks shall be made. Checks of the mechanical
cording to the requirements of Test Methods F1446, as noted
herein. condition of the drop system and checks of the calibration of
the instruments and transducers are required and all data
9.2 Shock Absorption Test Instrument System Check—The
obtained during that series of headgear tests s
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