ASTM D5572-95(2012)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Finger Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products
Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Finger Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the performance levels for adhesives to be used in finger joints in nonstructural bonded-lumber products. Such products include, but are not limited to, interior and exterior mouldings, window and door components or parts, and bonded-lumber panels. The apparatus shall consist of environmental chamber for moist-heat aging, oven with sufficient air circulation to remove moisture from the chamber, tanks for soaking and boiling, testing machines for the flexure and tension specimens, and vacuum-pressure vessel. Tests shall be conducted such as dry, soak, elevated-temperature, and temperature-humidity tests for dry-use classification and dry, boil, elevated-temperature, and vacuum-pressure tests for the wet-use classification. The adhesives shall be tested for performance which shall meet the following requirements: moisture content; specific gravities of wood species; tensile strength; wood failure for soft and hard woods; and rupture modulus.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Adhesives are classified as dry use or wet use. Each classification includes consideration of short-term in-transit exposure conditions at elevated temperatures up to 220°F (104°C).
5.2 The initial development of Specification D3110 was based on finger-joint assemblies made under controlled laboratory conditions. In the development of this revised specification the results obtained with laboratory-made specimens (see 12.1.2) were compared to those obtained with industrially manufactured specimens (see 12.1.1). These finger joints were prepared using previously certified adhesives in cooperation with a manufacturer or equipment supplier who had the necessary finger-joint cutter and assembly equipment. These finger joints may vary in geometry and length from manufacturer to manufacturer, and this variation could affect the performance of the bonded-finger-joint assembly.5 (See 12.1, 12.4, and 12.5.) Fig. 3 depicts a sample finger-joint configuration.
5.2.1 When changes are made in the design of the industrially manufactured finger joint, the new design should be compared to a control design that has been used successfully.
5.3 An industrially manufactured finger joint should be evaluated using the requirements for compliance with this specification, in accordance with 4.1. When this specification is used to evaluate specimens made from field-manufactured assemblies, the results may not compare favorably with those run on specimens made from laboratory-made assemblies.
5.4 Test requirements are provided to determine if the adhesive is suitable for dry use or wet use.
5.5 The dry test and exposure conditions and treatments are to evaluate adhesives used in nonstructural finger joints for typical service conditions.
5.5.1 The 220°F (104°C) test, a more severe test, is designed to evaluate the product after exposure to short-term elevated-temperature conditions. This test is intended to simulate conditions that might be experienced in transit, furthe...
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes performance levels for adhesives to be used in finger joints in nonstructural bonded-lumber products. Such products include, but are not limited to, interior and exterior mouldings, window and door components or parts, and bonded-lumber panels. Adhesives that meet the requirements of the various performance classes are considered capable of providing an adequate bond for use under the conditions described for the class. This specification is to be used to evaluate adhesives as well as the adhesive bonds in the finger joints. See Section 5, Significance and Use, for limitations when using this specification to evaluate industrially manufactured finger joints. Note 1—This specification supersedes the finger-joint portion of the 1990 edition of Specification D3110.
1.2 The following index is provided as a guide to the test methods in this specification:
Section
Apparatus
6
Equipment, M...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D5572 −95 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Adhesives Used for Finger Joints in Nonstructural Lumber
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5572; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
apparatus and test methods portions, Sections6–11 of this
1.1 This specification establishes performance levels for
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of
adhesives to be used in finger joints in nonstructural bonded-
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
lumber products. Such products include, but are not limited to,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
interior and exterior mouldings, window and door components
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
or parts, and bonded-lumber panels. Adhesives that meet the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
requirementsofthevariousperformanceclassesareconsidered
capable of providing an adequate bond for use under the
2. Referenced Documents
conditions described for the class. This specification is to be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
usedtoevaluateadhesivesaswellastheadhesivebondsinthe
D143Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
finger joints. See Section 5, Significance and Use, for limita-
D907Terminology of Adhesives
tions when using this specification to evaluate industrially
D2016Methods of Test for Moisture Content of Wood
manufactured finger joints.
(Withdrawn 1987)
NOTE 1—This specification supersedes the finger-joint portion of the
D3110Specification forAdhesives Used in Laminate Joints
1990 edition of Specification D3110.
for Nonstructural Glued Lumber Products (Withdrawn
1.2 The following index is provided as a guide to the test
1996)
methods in this specification:
D4688Test Method for Evaluating StructuralAdhesives for
Section
Finger Jointing Lumber
Apparatus 6
D5266Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood
Equipment, Material, and Preparation of Assemblies and Specimens 7
Conditioning for Factory-Manufactured Assemblies, Laboratory-Made 8 Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
Assemblies, and Test Specimens
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Testing in Flexure 9
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting
Testing in Tension 10
Exposure Conditions and Treatments 11 E41Terminology Relating To Conditioning
1. Dry Use Tests: Dry, 3-cycle Soak, Elevated Temperature, 11.1
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
and Temperature-Humidity
ASTM Test Methods
2. Wet Use Tests: Dry, Boil, Elevated Temperature, and 11.2
Vacuum-Pressure
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 2—The conditioning needed for various stages in the preparation
of both types of specimens and for the exposure tests are given.
NOTE 3—Specific guidelines for specimen size, exposure conditions, 3. Terminology
testing, calculation, and reporting are given for flexure specimens in
3.1 Definitions:
Sections 9 and 11, and for tension specimens in Sections 10 and 11.
3.1.1 Many terms in this specification are defined in Termi-
1.3 For the definitions of dry use and wet use, see 3.2.1.1
nology D907 and Terminology E41.
and 3.2.1.2.
3.1.2 bond, n—the union of materials by adhesives.
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
3.1.3 finger joint, n—a joint formed by bonding two precut
as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for informa-
members shaped like fingers. (See Figs. 1 and 2.)
tion only.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Adhesives. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5572–95(2005). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5572-95R12. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5572−95 (2012)
4.1.2.1 The wood-failure requirements listed in Table 1 are
given for softwoods and hardwoods. Table 1 shows that the
wood-failure requirements for hardwood are 50% of the
requirements for softwoods.
4.2 Industrially Manufactured Finger Joint—An industri-
ally manufactured finger joint may be used to evaluate the
FIG. 1Horizontal Joint
adhesive, provided its construction meets the requirements set
forth in Sections7–10, and the joint is tested against the
requirements in Table 1.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Adhesives are classified as dry use or wet use. Each
classification includes consideration of short-term in-transit
exposure conditions at elevated temperatures up to 220°F
FIG. 2Vertical Joint
(104°C).
5.2 The initial development of Specification D3110 was
based on finger-joint assemblies made under controlled labo-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: ratory conditions. In the development of this revised specifi-
3.2.1 nonstructural adhesive: cation the results obtained with laboratory-made specimens
3.2.1.1 dry use nonstructural adhesive, n—an adhesive (see 12.1.2) were compared to those obtained with industrially
capable of producing sufficient strength and durability to make manufactured specimens (see 12.1.1). These finger joints were
the bonded lumber product serviceable in nonstructural use, prepared using previously certified adhesives in cooperation
under conditions in which the equilibrium moisture content with a manufacturer or equipment supplier who had the
(EMC) of the wood does not exceed 16%. necessary finger-joint cutter and assembly equipment. These
3.2.1.2 wet use nonstructural adhesive, n—an adhesive finger joints may vary in geometry and length from manufac-
capable of producing sufficient strength and durability to make turer to manufacturer, and this variation could affect the
the bonded lumber product serviceable in nonstructural use, performance of the bonded-finger-joint assembly. (See 12.1,
under conditions in which the EMC of the wood may be 16% 12.4, and 12.5.) Fig. 3 depicts a sample finger-joint configu-
or greater. ration.
3.3 Abbreviations: 5.2.1 When changes are made in the design of the industri-
3.3.1 EMC—equilibrium moisture content. ally manufactured finger joint, the new design should be
compared to a control design that has been used successfully.
3.3.2 MC—moisture content.
5.3 An industrially manufactured finger joint should be
4. Test Requirements evaluated using the requirements for compliance with this
specification,inaccordancewith4.1.Whenthisspecificationis
4.1 Adhesives:
used to evaluate specimens made from field-manufactured
4.1.1 To comply with this specification the test adhesive
assemblies, the results may not compare favorably with those
shall be tested for performance in accordance with Sections
run on specimens made from laboratory-made assemblies.
8.1.1–11,anditshallmeettherequirementsinTable1forthe
selected testing mode and performance classification.
5.4 Test requirements are provided to determine if the
4.1.2 Compliance with this specification shall warrant cer- adhesive is suitable for dry use or wet use.
tification of the adhesive for use on the species of wood that is
5.5 The dry test and exposure conditions and treatments are
used for the tests, or for use on a designated group of species
to evaluate adhesives used in nonstructural finger joints for
whentestedandfoundtobeincomplianceforanyonemember
typical service conditions.
of said group of species. The designated species groupings for
5.5.1 The 220°F (104°C) test, a more severe test, is de-
commonly used domestic and imported woods, as accepted in
signed to evaluate the product after exposure to short-term
thisspecification,aregiveninTable2.Intheeventthattheuser
elevated-temperature conditions. This test is intended to simu-
or supplier of the adhesive, or both, cannot accept the desig-
late conditions that might be experienced in transit, further
natedgroupingsinTable2,eitherpartyshallhavetheoptionof
processing, or in-service conditions.
requesting a test on an individual species. Furthermore, the
NOTE4—Thesetypicalserviceconditionscouldincludestressandtime
user and supplier may agree to change any of the wood-failure
under stress, as well as elevated temperature.
requirements of Table 1 when applied to tests on Groups 3 and
4 hardwoods from Table 2. For wood-property information on 5.6 Procedures are described in sufficient detail to permit
duplication in different testing laboratories.
imported woods, see the Wood Handbook.
4 5
U.S.DepartmentofAgricultureForestService;AgriculturalHandbook,No.72, Selbo, M. L., “Effects of Joint Geometry onTensile Strength of Finger Joints,”
Wood Handbook, Tables3 and 4, 1987 edition, pp. 3–11. Forest Products Journal, Vol 13, No. 9, September 1963, pp. 390–400.
D5572−95 (2012)
TABLE 1 Minimum Test Requirements
Testing Mode
B
Testing Mode Tension
Flexure
Subsection
Modulus of
Performance Classification and Number for D
Wood Failure
C
A
Rupture
Exposure Conditions Exposure
Strength, psi
C E F
Description
(MPa) Group Average Individual Minimum
Minimum psi
G
(MPa)
%%
Soft Hard Soft Hard
H H
Wood Wood Wood Wood
Dry Use:
Cured (dry) 11.1.1 2000 (13.8) 60 30 30 15 2000 (13.8)
I
Three-cycle soak 11.1.2 1000 (6.9) 30 15 15 1000 (6.9)
II I I I
Elevated Temperature ((220°F) 11.1.3 1000 (6.9)
(104°C))
II I I I
Temperature-Humidity ((140°F 11.1.4 750 (5.2)
(60°C), 16 % EMC))
Wet Use:
Cured (dry) 11.2.1 2000 (13.8) 60 30 30 15 2000 (13.8)
I
Boil 11.2.2 1600 (11.0) 50 25 25 1400 (9.7)
II I I I
Elevated Temperature ((220°F) 11.2.3 1000 (6.9)
(104°C))
I
Vacuum Pressure 11.2.4 1600 (11.0) 50 25 25 1400 (9.7)
A
Twenty specimens required for each classification and exposure.
B
Parallel to the grain.
C
Tension and flexure results may vary with the species. Any acceptable wood should produce joints able to meet these requirements.
D
The wood-failure requirements are given for softwoods and hardwoods. Groups 3 and 4 hardwoods are listed at 50 % of the softwood value, with no wood-failure
requirement if the calculation is 15 % or less. (See 4.1.2.)
E
For total group of specimens tested.
F
For 90 % of the specimens tested, they shall meet or exceed these minimum wood-failure values shown. If a zero value is obtained for any of the specimens (the
specimen must meet the strength requirement).
G
For any individual specimen.
H
See recommended minimum specific gravity in Table 2.
I
No requirement.
5.6.1 Record any deviations in these procedures on the 6.3 Tank for Soaking, capacity to meet the requirements of
report forms, Appendix X1, as it may have an impact on the 11.1.2, so that all of the specimens are at least 2 in. (50.8 mm)
results obtained. Test data are only valid for the length and below the water level for the duration of the soak cycles.
design used. (See 12.4.)
6.4 Tank for Boiling, capacity to meet the requirements of
5.7 To avoid potential problems that would be caused by
11.2.2, so that all of the specimens are at least 2 in. (50.8 mm)
interrupting the bonding process, the adhesive-performance
below the water level for the duration of the boil cycles.
level should be determined by the finger-joint manufacturer
6.5 Testing Machine for the Flexure Specimen, capacity of
priortohandlingandearlyshipment.Beforebeginningthefull
not less than 2200 lbf (1000 kgf) in compression, equipped for
testing process, the testing laboratory should pull a represen-
one-third span, two-point loading as described in 9.5 and
tativesampleandcheckthedrystrengthfirst,inordertoensure
shown in Fig. 4, capable of maintaining a uniform rate of
that the product basically conforms with the performance level
loading such that the load may be applied with a continuous
certified by the adhesive manufacturer.
motion of the movable head to maximum at a rate of 0.5 in.
TEST METHODS (11.7 mm)/min with a permissible variation of 610%, and
located in an atmosphere such that the moisture content of the
6. Apparatus
specimens developed under the conditions prescribed in Sec-
NOTE 5—The finger-joint specimens to be broken in tension are shorter
tion 11 is not noticeably altered during testing.
than those to be broken in flexure. Accommodation must be made in the
equipment for handling the larger flexure specimen.
6.6 Testing Machine for the Tension Specimen, capable of
applying a calibrated tensile force, equipped with grips of
6.1 Environmental Chamber (For Moist-Heat Aging), ca-
sufficient length to hold the specimen firmly, preferably a
pable of conditioning specimens at 80 6 5°F (27 6 3°C) and
minimumlengthof2.5in.(63.5mm)byawidthof0.75in.(19
80 6 5% relative humidity and capacity for at least 20
mm), and capacity of both test machine and grips of not less
specimenswell-spacedandsupportedonrackstoallowfreeair
than 2200 lbf (1000 kgf).
flow.
6.2 Oven(s), with sufficient air circulation to remove mois-
NOTE 6—Depending on the design and adaptability, the same machine
with a 2200-lbf (1000-kgf) capacity, described in 6.5 for the flexure
ture from the chamber, and capable of meeting all the follow-
testing,canbeusedforthetensiontestdescribedin6.6.(SeePracticesE4
ing temperature requirements: 105 6 5°F (41 6 3°C) (see
and Terminology E6.)
11.1.2); 220 and 230 6 5°F (104 and 110 6 3°C) (see 11.1.3
and11.2.3);150 62°F(65 61°C)(see11.1.4);and145 65°F 6.7 Vacuum-PressureVessel,capableofmeetingtherequire-
(63 6 3°C) (see 11.2.2). ments of 11.2.4, and capacity to meet the requirement that all
D5572−95 (2012)
TABLE 2 Bondability Groupings of Commonly Used Domestic
A
and Imported Wood
U.S. Hardwoods U.S. Softwoods Imported Woods
B
Group 1—Bond Easily
Alder Cedar, incense Balsa Hura
Aspen Fir: Cativo Purpleheart
Basswood White Courbaril Roble
C
Cottonwood Grand Determa
Chestnut, Noble
American
Magnolia Pacific
Willow, black Pine:
Eastern white
Western white
Redcedar, western
Redwood
Spruce, Sitka
D
Group 2—Bond Well
Example Dimensions for Fig. 3 Test Standard Finger Joint:
Butternut Douglas-fir Afrormosia Meranti (lauan):
A
E
Code Dimensions, in. (mm) Degrees
Elm: Lar
...
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