ASTM B565-20

Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivets and Cold-Heading Wire and Rods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended solely for the shear testing of rivets and cold-heading wire and rod, and is not generally recommended for the determination of the shear strength of other products. For rivets, this test method is limited to rivets having a shank length equal to or greater than 2d.
Note 2: The results of shear tests of specimens machined from products other than wire, rod, and rivets may be greatly dependent upon the orientation of the specimen within the original test material, and the direction in which the force is applied relative to the grain flow in the specimen.4 It is recommended that shear strengths of other products be determined by Test Method B769 for products greater than 0.250 in. (6.4 mm) and Test Method B831 for products less than 0.250 in. (6.4 mm). Shear strengths developed by this test method have been shown to vary from those developed by other methods.4 If this test method is used for shear testing of other products, variables such as those described in Test Method B769 should be identified and controlled.  
5.2 The results of shear tests are dependent upon the relative and absolute lengths of specimen which are sheared out, and those which are supported.4 The results of this test method should not be directly compared with those determined in other types of tests in which the methods of loading and supporting the specimen are different.  
5.3 The presence of a lubricant on the surfaces of the specimen and device may result in shear strengths up to 3 % lower than those determined in the absence of lubrication.
Note 3: In order to be able to test rivets having shanks as short as 2d, the supported lengths of the specimen are 1/2 d (Fig. 1), although it is recognized that higher values of shear strength would be obtained if the supporting lengths were longer.  
Note—The tolerance applicable to the diameter of the specimen being shear tested must be recognized in drilling the hole in the device. It is recommended that the dri...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the double shear testing of aluminum and aluminum alloy rivets with round, solid shanks and cold-heading wire and rod.2  
Note 1: Exceptions to this test method may be necessary in individual specifications or methods for tests for a particular material.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2020
• ICS: 77.150.30 - Copper products
• Technical Committee: B07 - Light Metals and Alloys
• Drafting Committee: B07.05 - Testing

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E4-14 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Refers: ASTM B831-14 - Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Thin Aluminum Alloy Products
• Effective Date: 01-May-2014
• Refers: ASTM B831-11 - Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Thin Aluminum Alloy Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM B769-11 - Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM E4-10 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2010
• Refers: ASTM B316/B316M-10 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and Rods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Refers: ASTM E4-09a - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09be1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09b - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09a - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM E4-09 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009
• Refers: ASTM E4-08 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008
• Refers: ASTM E6-08a - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM E6-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008

Overview

ASTM B565-20 is the established standard for the double shear testing of aluminum and aluminum alloy rivets, as well as cold-heading wire and rods. Developed and published by ASTM International, this test method provides a consistent approach for determining the shear strength of round, solid rivets and associated materials. The standard is primarily intended for quality control and specification compliance in the manufacturing and processing of rivets and wire products, ensuring reliable structural performance in various applications.

Key Topics

• Scope of Application: ASTM B565-20 is specifically designed for aluminum and aluminum-alloy rivets with a shank length of at least 2d (twice the diameter), as well as cold-heading wire and rods. It does not generally apply to the shear strength assessment of other product types.

• Double Shear Test Method: The procedure involves subjecting the specimen to double-shear loading using a specified test device in a calibrated tension testing machine. Shear stress is recorded at the point of fracture to determine the material’s shear strength.

• Specimen Preparation: Specimens must be of appropriate length and diameter according to the standard’s criteria. For most cases, the full cross section of the rivet shank or wire is tested, with certain machining allowances for larger diameters.

• Measurement and Calculation: Precise measurement of specimen diameter and controlled testing procedures are critical. Shear strength is calculated based on the maximum force applied during testing.

• Variables Affecting Results: Factors such as specimen orientation, the clearance between specimen and device, and the use of lubricants can significantly affect test outcomes. Lubrication, for instance, may lower measured shear strength by up to 3%.

• Reporting Requirements: The standard specifies reporting of test method, specimen information, applied force, calculated shear strength, and test conditions.

Applications

ASTM B565-20 plays a vital role in the manufacturing, quality assurance, and specification verification of aluminum and aluminum-alloy rivets and cold-heading wires and rods. Its applications include:

• Aerospace and Automotive: Ensuring the shear strength of rivets used in critical joints and assemblies.
• Construction: Verifying the mechanical integrity of fasteners and connectors.
• Industrial Manufacturing: Assessing wire and rod products for suitability in forming and fastening operations.
• R&D and Materials Testing: Providing a consistent methodology for comparing the shear performance of materials in development or selection phases.

Because the procedure and outcomes are highly specific to the product form intended by the standard, results from ASTM B565-20 should not be directly compared with data obtained from different shear testing standards.

Related Standards

• ASTM B316/B316M: Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and Rods.
• ASTM B769: Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum Alloys (recommended for products larger than 0.250 in./6.4 mm).
• ASTM B831: Test Method for Shear Testing of Thin Aluminum Alloy Products (recommend for products less than 0.250 in./6.4 mm).
• ASTM E4: Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines.
• ASTM E6: Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing.

Adoption of ASTM B565-20 supports both quality control and compliance with international best practices in mechanical testing and standardization, helping organizations optimize material selection and ensure product reliability in critical structural applications.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B565 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Shear Testing of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivets and
Cold-Heading Wire and Rods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1.1 This test method covers the double shear testing of
aluminum and aluminum alloy rivets with round, solid shanks
2 3. Terminology
and cold-heading wire and rod.
3.1 Definitions:
NOTE 1—Exceptions to this test method may be necessary in individual
3.1.1 The definitions of terms relating to shear testing in
specifications or methods for tests for a particular material.
Terminology E6 are applicable to the terms used in this test
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
method.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4. Summary of Test Method
and are not considered standard.
4.1 This test method consists of subjecting a length of wire
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or rod or a rivet in full cross section, or a machined length of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
rod or rivet, to double-shear loading, with a suitable test device
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in a tension testing machine, and determining the shear stress
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
required to fracture the specimen (that is, the shear strength).
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 This test method is intended solely for the shear testing
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of rivets and cold-heading wire and rod, and is not generally
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
recommended for the determination of the shear strength of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
other products. For rivets, this test method is limited to rivets
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
having a shank length equal to or greater than 2d.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 2—The results of shear tests of specimens machined from
2.1 The latest issues of the following documents form a part
products other than wire, rod, and rivets may be greatly dependent upon
the orientation of the specimen within the original test material, and the
of this standard to the extent referenced herein:
direction in which the force is applied relative to the grain flow in the
2.2 ASTM Standards: 4
specimen. It is recommended that shear strengths of other products be
B316/B316M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-
determined by Test Method B769 for products greater than 0.250 in.
(6.4 mm)andTestMethodB831forproductslessthan0.250in.(6.4mm).
Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and Rods
Shear strengths developed by this test method have been shown to vary
B769 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum Alloys
from those developed by other methods. If this test method is used for
B831 Test Method for Shear Testing of Thin Aluminum
shear testing of other products, variables such as those described in Test
Alloy Products
Method B769 should be identified and controlled.
5.2 Theresultsofsheartestsaredependentupontherelative
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light
and absolute lengths of specimen which are sheared out, and
Metals andAlloys and is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee B07.05 on Testing.
those which are supported. The results of this test method
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published January 2021. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B565 – 04 (2015). shouldnotbedirectlycomparedwiththosedeterminedinother
DOI: 10.1520/B0565-20.
This product is covered by Specification B316/B316M.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Kaufman, J. G., and Davies, R. E., “Effects of Test Method and Specimen
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Orientation on Shear Strengths of Aluminum Alloys,” Proceedings,ASTM
the ASTM website. International, Vol 64, 1964.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B565 − 20
clearance ~d 2 d !, maximum 5 0.02d10.005 in. ~0.12 mm!
1 2
where:
d = nominal diameter of specimen (rivet, wire, or machined specimen),
d = actual diameter of hole (see Note below),
d = actual diameter of specimen,
S = d,
S = S + 0.001 in. (0.025 mm),
2 1
Note—Thetoleranceapplicabletothediameterofthespecimenbeingsheartestedmustberecognizedindrillingtheholeinthedevice.Itisrecommendedthatthedrilled
hole size be equal to 1.02d plus 0.005 in. (0.12 mm) less the minus tolerance applicable to the specimen.
1 1 5
S = ⁄4 in. (6 mm) for d = ⁄16 in. (1.5 mm) to ⁄32 in. (4 mm), and
1 3 3
= ⁄2 in. (12 mm) for d = ⁄16 in. (5 mm) to ⁄8 in. (10 mm).
FIG. 1 Shear Test Device
types of tests in which the methods of loading and supporting 6. Apparatus
the specimen are different.
6.1 Testing Machines—The testing machine shall conform
5.3 The presence of a lubricant on the surfaces of the
to the requirements as defined in Practices E4. The forces used
specimen and device may result in shear strengths up to 3 %
to determine the shear strength shall be within the range of the
lower than
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B565 − 04 (Reapproved 2015) B565 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Shear Testing of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivets and
Cold-Heading Wire and Rods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the double shear testing of aluminum and aluminum alloy rivets with round, solid shanks and
cold-heading wire and rod.
NOTE 1—Exceptions to this test method may be necessary in individual specifications or methods for tests for a particular material.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The latest issues of the following documents form a part of this standard to the extent referenced herein:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B316/B316M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and Rods
B769 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum Alloys
B831 Test Method for Shear Testing of Thin Aluminum Alloy Products
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
3. Terminology
3.1 GeneralDefinitions:—The
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee B07.05 on Testing.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015Dec. 1, 2020. Published October 2015January 2021. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
B565 – 04 (2010).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/B0565-04R15.10.1520/B0565-20.
This product is covered by Specification B316/B316M.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B565 − 20
3.1.1 The definitions of terms relating to shear testing in Terminology E6 are applicable to the terms used in this test method.
definitions of terms relating to shear testing in Terminology E6 are applicable to the terms used in this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 TheThis test method consists of subjecting a length of wire or rod or a rivet in full cross section, or a machined length of rod
or rivet, to double-shear loading, with a suitable test device in a tension testing machine, and determining the shear stress required
to fracture the specimen (that is, the shear strength).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended solely for the shear testing of rivets and cold-heading wire and rod, and is not generally
recommended for the determination of the shear strength of other products. For rivets, this test method is limited to rivets having
a shank length equal to or greater than 2d.
NOTE 2—The results of shear tests of specimens machined from products other than wire, rod, and rivets may be greatly dependent upon the orientation
of the specimen within the original test material, and the direction in which the force is applied relative to the grain flow in the specimen. It is
recommended that shear strengths of other products be determined by Test Method B769 for products greater than 0.250 in. (6.4 mm) (6.4 mm) and Test
Method B831 for products less than 0.250 in. (6.4 mm). Shear strengths developed by this test method have been shown to vary from those developed
by other methods. If Test Methodthis test B565method is used for shear testing of other products, variables such as those described in Test Method B769
should be identified and controlled.
5.2 The results of shear tests are dependent upon the relative and absolute lengths of specimen which are sheared out, and those
which are supported. The results of tests made in accordance with this test method should not be directly compared with those
determined in other types of tests in which the methods of loading and supporting the specimen are different.
5.3 The presence of a lubricant on the surfaces of the specimen and device may result in shear strengths up to 3 % lower than those
determined in the absence of lubrication.
NOTE 3—In order to be able to test rivets having shanks as short as 2d, the supported lengths of the specimen are ⁄2d (Fig. 1), although it is recognized
that higher values of shear strength would be obtained if the supporting lengths were longer.
5.4 Investigations have determined that the shear strength decreases slightly as the clearance between the specimen diameter and
the diameter of the test hole in the device increases, and that the effect of the clearance decreases with increasing specimen
diameter. This test method (refer to Fig. 1) permits clearances for production testing which should affect shear strengths by no more
than 2 %. For referee testing, the maximum clearance shall be 0.001 in. (0.03 mm).
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machines—The testing machine shall conform to the requirements as defined in Practices E4. The forces used to
determine the shear strength shall be within the range of the testing machine as defined as Practices E4.
6.2 Shear Test Device—A shear device of the type shown in Fig. 1 shall be used. It shall be made of hardened steel having a
hardness of not less than 52 HRC and the shearing edges of the holes shall have a radius of no more than 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm).
(0.013 mm). To minimize the possible effect of distortion of the device under force, fitted machined steel bolts shall be used to
hold the components together. The mating surfaces between the tongue and clevises shall be polished and shall have a finish of
16 μin. Ra or better.
Kaufman, J. G., and Davies, R. E. “Effects of Test Method and Specimen Orientation on Shear Strengths of Aluminum Allo
...