ASTM C1393-19

Standard Specification for Perpendicularly Oriented Mineral Fiber Roll and Sheet Thermal Insulation for Pipes and Tanks

ABSTRACT
This specification covers perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber roll and sheet thermal insulation for use on the flat, curved, or round surfaces of pipes and tanks. The orientation of the rock, slag, or glass fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled surface. Materials covered in this specification do not include flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber insulation where the insulation fiber orientation is generally parallel to the heated/cooled surface. In low-temperature applications, properly installed protective vapor retarders should be used to prevent water vapor from moving through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. The materials are classified into six types according to the maximum use temperature and maximum apparent thermal conductivity and into two categories according to minimum compressive resistance. Samples taken from the materials should be tested according to the recommended procedures and should conform to the required values of corrosiveness to steel, stress corrosion to austenitic stainless steel, shot content, maximum use temperature, maximum exothermic temperature rise, and compressive resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, dimensions, and physical properties of compression-resistant, perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) roll and sheet insulation intended for use on flat, curved, or round surfaces operating at temperatures between 0°F (–18°C) and 1000°F (538°C). This product (pipe and tank insulation) is typically used on nominal 24 in. (610 mm) or greater diameter surfaces. For specific applications, the actual use temperatures and diameters shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The orientation of the fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled surface (parallel to heat flow). This specification does not apply to flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber insulation where the insulation fiber orientation is generally parallel to the heated/cooled surface (across the heat flow).  
1.3 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders must be used in below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture/water vapor through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection. Although vapor retarders properties are not part of this specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are pertinent to application or performance.  
1.4 When the installation or use of thermal materials, accessories, and systems may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user-appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use for the products of the company and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recomm...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2019
• ICS: 23.020.10 - Stationary containers and tanks
• ICS: 27.220 - Heat recovery. Thermal insulation
• Technical Committee: C16 - Thermal Insulation
• Drafting Committee: C16.20 - Homogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1393-14(2019) - Standard Specification for Perpendicularly Oriented Mineral Fiber Roll and Sheet Thermal Insulation for Pipes and Tanks
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019
• Refers: ASTM C168-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2024
• Refers: ASTM C390-08(2024) - Standard Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM E84-23d - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM C680-23a - Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM E84-23c - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2023
• Refers: ASTM C390-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Refers: ASTM C1104/C1104M-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Refers: ASTM E84-19b - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM C1617-19 - Standard Practice for Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation of Extraction Solutions Containing Ions Leached from Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Metals
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Refers: ASTM E84-19a - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM C1045-19 - Standard Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM E84-19 - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Refers: ASTM C1114-06(2019) - Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Refers: ASTM C411-19 - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019

Overview

ASTM C1393-19 is the standard specification for perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber roll and sheet thermal insulation specifically designed for pipes and tanks. Issued by ASTM International, this standard addresses the unique application requirements of mineral fiber insulation materials (rock, slag, or glass) that have fibers oriented perpendicular to the heated or cooled surface. Such orientation optimizes thermal performance and is especially suitable for large diameter pipe and tank insulation used at temperatures ranging from 0°F (–18°C) up to 1000°F (538°C). The standard also details facets of composition, dimensions, physical properties, and performance criteria crucial for effective thermal insulation of industrial and building systems.

Key Topics

• Material Scope: Covers mineral fiber insulation in roll or sheet form with fibers perpendicular to the surface for use on flat, curved, or round surfaces, typically pipework or tank exteriors with diameters of 24 in. (610 mm) or greater.
• Performance: Addresses both thermal and mechanical properties including maximum use temperature, apparent thermal conductivity, compressive strength, density, water vapor sorption, and resistance to fungi.
• Classification: Insulation products are classified into six types based on maximum use temperature and thermal conductivity, and into two categories based on compressive resistance.
• Installation Considerations: Stresses the importance of properly installed vapor retarders below ambient temperatures to prevent condensation and system damage.
• Health and Safety: Requires manufacturers to provide guidance on potential health and safety concerns and necessary protective measures for correct product use.
• Testing and Compliance: Specifies criteria for sampling, inspection, and certification, referencing several ASTM test methods for validation.

Applications

Perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber roll and sheet insulation is widely used for:

• Industrial Piping and Tanks: Insulation of process, power, and petrochemical piping and storage tanks to improve energy efficiency and protect against thermal loss.
• Large Diameter Surfaces: Effective for surfaces with diameters 24 in. (610 mm) or greater, commonly found in bulk storage tanks, large process vessels, and industrial piping networks.
• High and Low-Temperature Systems: Suitable for systems operating anywhere from sub-zero to high temperatures, supporting both cryogenic and high-heat applications.
• Moisture Control: When paired with compliant vapor retarder facings, effectively minimizes risk of condensation and related deterioration in low temperature installations.
• Fire and Corrosion Resistance: Provides inherent resistance to fire spread and contributes to equipment longevity by meeting corrosiveness and stress corrosion requirements for use on steel and stainless steel substrates.

Related Standards

ASTM C1393-19 references and works alongside numerous key ASTM standards, including:

• ASTM C165: Method for measuring compressive properties of insulation.
• ASTM C168: Terminology relating to thermal insulation.
• ASTM C177, C518, C1114: Test methods for thermal transmission properties.
• ASTM C1136: Specification for flexible, low permeance vapor retarders.
• ASTM C795: Specification for thermal insulation in contact with stainless steel.
• ASTM C665: Specification for mineral-fiber blanket insulation.
• ASTM C921: Practice for determining properties of jacketing materials.
• ASTM C1338: Fungi resistance of insulation materials.
• ASTM E84: Test for surface burning characteristics.
• ASTM C390, C447, C680: Practices for sampling, estimating use temperature, and calculating heat loss/gain.

By adhering to ASTM C1393-19, manufacturers, specifiers, and contractors can ensure that perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber insulation on pipes and tanks meets recognized industry benchmarks for energy performance, durability, safety, and quality.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C1393 −19
Standard Specification for
Perpendicularly Oriented Mineral Fiber Roll and Sheet
Thermal Insulation for Pipes and Tanks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1393; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.1 This specification covers the composition, dimensions,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and physical properties of compression-resistant, perpendicu-
and are not considered standard.
larly oriented mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) roll and sheet
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
insulation intended for use on flat, curved, or round surfaces
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
operating at temperatures between 0°F (–18°C) and 1000°F
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(538°C). This product (pipe and tank insulation) is typically
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
used on nominal 24 in. (610 mm) or greater diameter surfaces.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific applications, the actual use temperatures and
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
diameters shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the purchaser.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 The orientation of the fibers within the roll or sheet
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
surface(paralleltoheatflow).Thisspecificationdoesnotapply
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber
insulation where the insulation fiber orientation is generally
2. Referenced Documents
parallel to the heated/cooled surface (across the heat flow).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protec-
C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of
tivevaporretardersmustbeusedinbelowambienttemperature
Thermal Insulations
applications to reduce movement of moisture/water vapor
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
through or around the insulation towards the colder surface.
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
Failuretouseavaporretardercanleadtoinsulationandsystem
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection.
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
Although vapor retarders properties are not part of this
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are
formed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
pertinent to application or performance.
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
1.4 When the installation or use of thermal materials,
Insulation Lots
accessories, and systems may pose safety or health problems,
C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-
the manufacturer shall provide the user-appropriate current
Temperature Thermal Insulation
informationregardinganyknownproblemsassociatedwiththe
C447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-
recommended use for the products of the company and shall
ture of Thermal Insulations
also recommend protective measures to be employed in their
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
C665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insu-
requirements prior to use.
lation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured
Housing
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.20 on
Homogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as C1393 – 14 (2019). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/C1393-19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1393−19
A
TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements
Properties Type I Type II Type IIIA Type IIIB Type IVA Type IVB
Maximum Use Temperature,° F (°C) Up to 450 (232) 650 (343) 850 (454) 850 (454) 1000 (538) 1000 (538)
See Note 1 in 6.2.1
Apparent thermal conductivity Maximum Btu
in./h·ft °F (W/m·K) Mean temperature,° F (°C)
25 (-4) 0.26(0.038) 0.26(0.038) 0.26(0.038) 0.26(0.038) 0.26(0.038) 0.27(0.039)
75 (24) 0.27(0.039) 0.27(0.039) 0.27(0.039) 0.27(0.039) 0.27(0.039) 0.28(0.040)
100 (38) 0.29(0.042) 0.29(0.042) 0.29(0.042) 0.29(0.042) 0.29(0.042) 0.30(0.043)
200 (93) 0.38(0.055) 0.38(0.055) 0.38(0.055) 0.36(0.052) 0.36(0.052) 0.36(0.052)
300 (149) 0.48(0.069) 0.48(0.069) 0.48(0.069) 0.45(0.065) 0.45(0.065) 0.43(0.062)
400 (204) 0.61(0.088) 0.61(0.088) 0.61(0.088) 0.54(0.078) 0.54(0.078) 0.50(0.072)
500 (260) 0.81(0.117) 0.81(0.117) 0.66(0.095) 0.66(0.095) 0.58(0.084)
600 (316) 0.82(0.118) 0.67(0.097)
Category 1—Greater compressive resistance,
minimum load required to produce a 10 % 120 (5.7) 120 (5.7) 120 (5.7) 120 (5.7) 120 (5.7) 200 (9.6)
reduction in thickness, lb/ft (kPa)
Category 2—Lesser compressive resistance,
minimum load required to produce a 10 % 25 (1.2) 25 (1.2) 25 (1.2) 25 (1.2) 25 (1.2) 25 (1.2)
reduction in thickness, lb/ft (kPa)
Category 3—Least compressive resistance,
minimum load required to produce a 10 % 10 (0.48) 10 (0.48) 10 (0.48) 10 (0.48) 10 (0.48) 10 (0.48)
reduction in thickness, lb/ft (kPa)
Water vapor sorption, max % by weight 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
3 3 B
Density, maximum lb/ft (kg/m ) 6 (96) 6 (96) 6 (96) 6 (96) 6 (96) 8 (128)
Surface burning characteristics:
Maximum flame spread index 25 25 25 25 25 25
Maximum smoke developed index 50 50 50 50 50 50
A
Refer to Section 7 for additional physical property requirements.
B
The maximum density specified is for weight design purposes only. It is acceptable for additional density requirements to be specified as agreed upon between the
purchaser and the manufacturer.
C680 Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the 2.2 Other Referenced Documents:
Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and CAN/ULC-S102 Standard Method of Test for Surface Burn-
Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs ing Characteristics of Building Materials andAssemblies
C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-
3. Terminology
tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
C921 Practice for Determining the Properties of Jacketing 3.1 Definitions—Definitions pertaining to insulation are in
Materials for Thermal Insulation accordance with Terminology C168.
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
erties Under Steady-State Conditions
3.2.1 delivered density—the actual density, calculated by
C1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating
shipped weight divided by volume, of the product transported
and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
bythemanufacturerorthesellerandreceivedbythepurchaser.
C1104/C1104M Test Method for Determining the Water
3.2.2 facing—a layer or foundation of thin material which is
Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation
adhered to the insulation to form a continuous roll or sheet of
C1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
insulation.
Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
3.2.3 mean temperature—the sum of the cold surface tem-
C1136 Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor
perature and the hot surface temperature divided by two.
Retarders for Thermal Insulation
C1335 Test Method for Measuring Non-Fibrous Content of
4. Classification
Man-Made Rock and Slag Mineral Fiber Insulation
4.1 Mineral fiber roll or sheet insulation covered by this
C1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of
specification is classified into the six types and two categories
Insulation Materials and Facings
shown in Table 1. This classification is based upon the
C1617 Practice for Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory
maximum use temperature, maximum apparent thermal
Evaluation of Extraction Solutions Containing Ions
conductivity, and compressive resistance properties.
Leached from Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion
of Metals
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
Building Materials WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
C1393−19
4.1.1 Types: inawaythatoneendofthecutfiberisadheredtoafacing.The
4.1.1.1 Type I—Maximum use temperature up to 450°F finished product is wound into rolls or cut into sheets.
(232°C).
7. Physical Properties
4.1.1.2 Type II—Maximum use temperature up to 650°F
(343°C). 7.1 Theperpendicularlyorientedmineralfiberrollandsheet
thermal insulation shall conform to the following requirements
4.1.1.3 Type IIIA—Maximum use temperature up to 850°F
in Table 1:
(454°C).
7.1.1 Maximum Use Temperature—Test in accordance with
4.1.1.4 Type IIIB—Maximum use temperature up to 850°F
11.1.
(454°C).
7.1.2 Density—Test in accordance with 11.2.
4.1.1.5 Type IVA—Maximum use temperature up to 1000°F
7.1.3 Apparent Thermal Conductivity—Test in accordance
(538°C).
with 11.4.
4.1.1.6 Type IVB—Maximum use temperature up to 1000°F
7.1.4 Surface Burning Characteristics—Test in accordance
(538°C).
with 11.5.
4.1.2 Categories:
7.1.5 Water Vapor Sorption—Test in accordance with 11.7.
4.1.2.1 Category 1—Greater minimum compressive resis-
7.1.6 Compressive Resistance—Test in accordance with
tance properties are required.
11.8.
4.1.2.2 Category 2—Lesser minimum compressive resis-
tance properties are required.
7.2 Corrosiveness to Steel—When tested in accordance with
Specification C665 in 11.6, the corrosion resulting from the
5. Ordering Information
insulation in contact with steel plates shall be judged to be no
greater than for comparative plates in contact with sterile
5.1 The type, category, dimensions, and facing shall be
cotton.
specified by the purchaser. Shot content and delivered density
7.2.1 The use of Practice C1617 is an acceptable alternative
certification only if specified by the purchaser.
to the test procedure in 7.3, with the mass loss corrosion rate of
steel test sample exposed to the unfaced insulation extract not
6. Materials and Manufacture
to exceed that of the 5 ppm chloride solution.
6.1 Composition—Mineral fiber roll or sheet shall be com-
NOTE 2—There are facing adhesives that can cause corrosion to steel
posed of rock, slag, or glass processed from the molten state
when they are in contact with water or water vapor and the steel.
into fibrous form, bonded with an organic binder, and the
Currently, there is no test method available to satisfy every potential
orientation of the fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is
corrosion application.
essentially perpendicular to the heated or cooled surface
7.3 Stress Corrosion to Austenitic Stainless Steel—When
(parallel to heat flow).
specified, shall be tested and evaluated in accordance with
6.2 Facings:
11.9.
6.2.1 The purchaser must specify the insulation facing and
7.4 Non-fibrous Content (Shot)—The average maximum
type required.
shot content of rock and slag mineral fiber products shall not
exceed 25 % by weight in accordance with 11.3.1. Non-fibrous
NOTE 1—The user is advised that the maximum use temperature of the
facingsandadhesivesmaybelowerthanthemaximumusetemperatureof
content is not applicable to
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1393 − 14 (Reapproved 2019) C1393 − 19
Standard Specification for
Perpendicularly Oriented Mineral Fiber Roll and Sheet
Thermal Insulation for Pipes and Tanks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1393; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the composition, dimensions, and physical properties of compression-resistant, perpendicularly
oriented mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) roll and sheet insulation intended for use on flat, curved, or round surfaces operating
at temperatures between 0°F (–18°C) and 1000°F (538°C). This product (pipe and tank insulation) is typically used on nominal
24 in. (610 mm) or greater diameter surfaces. For specific applications, the actual use temperatures and diameters shall be agreed
upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.2 The orientation of the fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled surface
(parallel to heat flow). This specification does not apply to flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber insulation
where the insulation fiber orientation is generally parallel to the heated/cooled surface (across the heat flow).
1.3 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders must be used in below ambient temperature
applications to reduce movement of moisture/water vapor through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Failure to
use a vapor retarder can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection. Although vapor
retarders properties are not part of this specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are pertinent to application or
performance.
1.4 When the installation or use of thermal materials, accessories, and systems may pose safety or health problems, the
manufacturer shall provide the user-appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the
recommended use for the products of the company and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe
utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulations
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.20 on Homogeneous
Inorganic Thermal Insulations.
Current edition approved March 1, 2019Nov. 1, 2019. Published April 2019December 2019. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20142019
as C1393 – 14.C1393 – 14 (2019). DOI: 10.1520/C1393-14R19.10.1520/C1393-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1393 − 19
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots
C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
C447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal Insulations
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
C665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured Housing
C680 Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical
Systems by Use of Computer Programs
C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
C921 Practice for Determining the Properties of Jacketing Materials for Thermal Insulation
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State Conditions
C1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
C1104/C1104M Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation
C1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
C1136 Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation
C1335 Test Method for Measuring Non-Fibrous Content of Man-Made Rock and Slag Mineral Fiber Insulation
C1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of Insulation Materials and Facings
C1617 Practice for Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation of Extraction Solutions Containing Ions Leached from
Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Metals
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
2.2 Other Referenced Documents:
CAN/ULC-S102 Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assemblies
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions pertaining to insulation are in accordance with Terminology C168.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 delivered density—the actual density, calculated by shipped weight divided by volume, of the product transported by the
manufacturer or the seller and received by the purchaser.
3.2.2 facing—a layer or foundation of thin material which is adhered to the insulation to form a continuous roll or sheet of
insulation.
3.2.3 mean temperature—the sum of the cold surface temperature and the hot surface temperature divided by two.
4. Classification
4.1 Mineral fiber roll or sheet insulation covered by this specification is classified into the six types and two categories shown
in Table 1. This classification is based upon the maximum use temperature, maximum apparent thermal conductivity, and
compressive resistance properties.
4.1.1 Types:
4.1.1.1 Type I—Maximum use temperature up to 450°F (232°C).
4.1.1.2 Type II—Maximum use temperature up to 650°F (343°C).
4.1.1.3 Type IIIA—Maximum use temperature up to 850°F (454°C).
4.1.1.4 Type IIIB—Maximum use temperature up to 850°F (454°C).
4.1.1.5 Type IVA—Maximum use temperature up to 1000°F (538°C).
4.1.1.6 Type IVB—Maximum use temperature up to 1000°F (538°C).
4.1.2 Categories:
4.1.2.1 Category 1—Greater minimum compressive resistance properties are required.
4.1.2.2 Category 2—Lesser minimum compressive resistance properties are required.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 The type, category, dimensions, and facing shall be specified by the purchaser. Shot content and delivered density
certification only if specified by the purchaser.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Composition—Mineral fiber roll or sheet shall be composed of rock, slag, or glass processed from the molten state into
fibrous form, bonded with an organic binder, and the orientation of the fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially
perpendicular to the heated or cooled surface (parallel to heat flow).
6.2 Facings:
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
C1393 − 19
A
TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements
Properties Type I Type II Type IIIA Type IIIB Type IVA Type IVB
Maximum Use Temperature,° F (°C) Up to 450 (232) 650 (343) 850 (454) 850 (454) 1000 (538) 1000 (538)
See Note 1 in 6.2.1
Apparent thermal conductivity Maximum Btu
in./h·ft °F (W/m·K) Mean temperature,° F (°C)
25 (-4) 0.26(0.038) 0.26(0.038) 0.26(0.038) 0.26(0.038) 0.26(0.038) 0.27(0.039)
75 (24) 0.27(0.039) 0.27(0.039) 0.27(0.039) 0.27(0.039) 0.27(0.039) 0.28(0.040)
100 (38) 0.29(0.042) 0.29(0.042) 0.29(0.042) 0.29(0.042) 0.29(0.042) 0.30(0.043)
200 (93) 0.38(0.055) 0.38(0.055) 0.38(0.055) 0.36(0.052) 0.36(0.052) 0.36(0.052)
300 (149) 0.48(0.069) 0.48(0.069) 0.48(0.069) 0.45(0.065) 0.45(0.065) 0.43(0.062)
400 (204) 0.61(0.088) 0.61(0.088) 0.61(0.088) 0.54(0.078) 0.54(0.078) 0.50(0.072)
500 (260) 0.81(0.117) 0.81(0.117) 0.66(0.095) 0.66(0.095) 0.58(0.084)
600 (316) 0.82(0.118) 0.67(0.097)
Category 1—Greater compressive resistance,
minimum load required to produce a 10 % 120 (5.7) 120 (5.7) 120 (5.7) 120 (5.7) 120 (5.7) 200 (9.6)
reduction in thickness, lb/ft (kPa)
Category 2—Lesser compressive resistance,
minimum load required to produce a 10 % 25 (1.2) 25 (1.2) 25 (1.2) 25 (1.2) 25 (1.2) 25 (1.2)
reduction in thickness, lb/ft (kPa)
Category 3—Least compressive resistance,
minimum load required to produce a 10 % 10 (0.48) 10 (0.48) 10 (0.48) 10 (0.48) 10 (0.48) 10 (0.48)
reduction in thickness, lb/ft (kPa)
Water vapor sorption, max % by weight 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
3 3 B
Density, maximum lb/ft (kg/m ) 6 (96) 6 (96) 6 (96) 6 (96) 6 (96) 8 (128)
Surface burning characteristics:
Maximum flame spread index 25 25 25 25 25 25
Maximum smoke developed index 50 50 50 50 50 50
A
Refer to Section 7 for additional physical property requirements.
B
The maximum density specified is for weight design purposes only. It is acceptable for additional density requirements to be specified as agreed upon between the
purchaser and the manufacturer.
6.2.1 The purchaser must specify the insulation facing and type required.
NOTE 1—The user is advised that the maximum use temperature of the facings and adhesives may be lower than the maximum use temperature of the
insulation. The specifier shall ensure that sufficient insulation thickness is installed so none of the accessory items (facing and adhesive) are exposed to
temperatures above their maximum use temperature. Practice C680 can be used to predict surface temperatures.
6.2.2 Typical Facings:
6.2.2.1 Fiber glass nonreinforced mat.
6.2.2.2 Laminated aluminum foil, reinforced fiber glass scrim, and natural Kraft paper generally known as FRK or FSK.
6.2.2.3 Laminated white Kraft paper, reinforced fiber glass scrim, and aluminum foil generally known as ASJ (All Service
Jacket).
6.2.2.4 All vapor retarder facings shall comply with Specification C1136.
6.2.2.5 It is acceptable to specify other kinds of compositions or facings.
6.3 Manufacturing/Fabrication—Mineral (rock, slag, or glass) fiberboard is normally manufactured with the fiber essentially
oriented parallel with the face or a facing. Fiber direction described in this specification is substantially perpendicular to a facing.
This construction aligns mineral fiberboard in a way that one end of the cut fiber is adhered to a facing. The finished product is
wound into rolls or cut into sheets.
7. Physical Properties
7.1 The perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber roll and sheet thermal insulation shall conform to the following requirements in
Table 1:
7.1.1 Maximum Use Temperature—Test in accordance with 11.1.
7.1.2 Density—Test in accordance with 11.2.
7.1.3 Apparent Thermal Conductivity—Test in accordance with 11.4.
7.1.4 Surface Burning Characteristics—Test in accordance with 11.5.
7.1.5 Water Vapor Sorption—Test in accordance with 11.7.
7.1.6 Compressive Resista
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