ASTM E831-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 11).
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 to 900°C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This test method is related to ISO 11359-2 but is significantly different in technical detail.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E831 − 13
StandardTest Method for
Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by
1
Thermomechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of
D696TestMethodforCoefficientofLinearThermalExpan-
linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermome-
sion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous
chanical analysis techniques.
Silica Dilatometer
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that
D3386Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Ex-
exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such
pansion of Electrical Insulating Materials (Withdrawn
3
that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the
2005)
specimen.
E228Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear
E473Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 µm/
ology
(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative)
E1142Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see
E1363Test Method forTemperature Calibration ofThermo-
Section 11).
mechanical Analyzers
E2113Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Ther-
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range
momechanical Analyzers
from −120 to 900°C. The temperature range may be extended
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials
ISO 11359-2 Plastics—Thermomechanical Analysis
used.
(TMA)—Part 2: Determination of Coefficient of Linear
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Thermal Expansion and Glass Transition Temperature
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Thermal analysis terms in Terminologies
1.6 This test method is related to ISO 11359-2 but is
E473 and E1142 shall apply to this test method including
significantly different in technical detail.
coefficient of linear thermal expansion, thermodilatometry and
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
thermomechanical analysis.
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 mean (technical) coeffıcient of linear thermal
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
expansion, (α )—thechangeinlength,relativetothespecimen
m
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
length at ambient temperature, accompanying a unit change in
temperature identified by the midpoint temperature of the
temperature range of measurement
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on the ASTM website.
3
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally www.astm.org.
4
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E831–12. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/E0831-13. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E831 − 13
4. Summary of Test Method 6.1.9 Data Collection Device, to provide a means of
acquiring, storing, and displaying measured or calculated
4.1 This test method uses a thermomechanical analyzer or
signals, or both. The minimum output signals required for
similar device to determine the linear thermal expansion of
thermomechanical analysis are a change in linear dimension,
solid materials when subjected to a constant heating rate.
temperature and time.
4.2 The change of the specimen length is electronically
6.2 Cooling Capability, to sustain a subambient specimen
recorded as a function of temperature.The coeffici
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E831 − 12 E831 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by
1
Thermomechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the apparenttechnical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using
thermomechanical analysis techniques.
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the
sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The
test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 11).
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 to 900 °C. 900°C. The temperature range may be
extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This test method is related to ISO 11359-2 but is significantly different in technical detail.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica
Dilatometer
3
D3386 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Materials (Withdrawn 2005)
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 11359-2 Plastics—Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)—Part 2: Determination of Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion
and Glass Transition Temperature
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Thermal analysis terms in Terminologies E473 and E1142 shall apply to this test method including coefficient
of linear thermal expansion, thermodilatometry and thermomechanical analysis.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental,
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2013. Published April 2012December 2013. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20062012
as E831 – 06.E831 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/E0831-12.10.1520/E0831-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E831 − 13
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 mean (technical) coeffıcient of linear thermal expansion, (α ) —)—the change in length, relative to the specimen length
m
at ambient temperature, accompanying a unit change in temperature identified by the midpoint temperature of the temperature
range of measurement
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method uses a thermomechanical analyzer or similar device to determine the linear thermal expansion of solid
materials when subjected to a constant heating rate.
4.2 The change of the spec
...
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