ASTM F1413-07(2013)

Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and Nozzle Systems

ABSTRACT
This guide covers design criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems, it covers spray systems employing booms and nozzles for use on boats or ships and helicopters or airplane. The equipment description, equipment minimum performance specification, and equipment design are presented in details. Materials on ship or boat systems should be corrosion-resistant to salt water. All materials that come into contact with dispersants should be compatible with that dispersant.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers design criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide is not intended to be restrictive to a specific configuration.  
1.2 This guide covers spray systems employing booms and nozzles and is not fully applicable to other systems such as fire monitors, sonic distributors, or fan-spray guns.  
1.3 This guide covers systems for use on ships or boats and helicopters or airplanes.  
1.4 This guide is one of four related to dispersant application systems using booms and nozzles. One is on design, one on calibration, one on deposition measurements, and one on the use of the systems. Familiarity with all four guides is recommended.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2013
• ICS: 21.260 - Lubrication systems
• Technical Committee: F20 - Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response
• Drafting Committee: F20.13 - Treatment

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F1413-07 - Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and Nozzle Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F1460/F1460M-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1413 − 07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Guide for
Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and
Nozzle Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 This guide provides information for designing and
specifying dispersant spray application equipment to obtain
1.1 Thisguidecoversdesigncriteria,requirements,material
optimal application rates. These include specifications for
characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant
minimum equipment performance, equations for estimating
applicationsystems.Thisguideisnotintendedtoberestrictive
operational parameters, material considerations, and a list of
to a specific configuration.
information to be provided to the equipment purchaser.
1.2 This guide covers spray systems employing booms and
nozzles and is not fully applicable to other systems such as fire
4. Equipment Description
monitors, sonic distributors, or fan-spray guns.
4.1 General—Oil spill dispersant spray systems include one
1.3 This guide covers systems for use on ships or boats and
or more booms with nozzles to form droplets, a pumping or
helicopters or airplanes.
pressure system to deliver dispersants to the boom, and
1.4 This guide is one of four related to dispersant applica-
associated piping and valving. All systems shall include a
tion systems using booms and nozzles. One is on design, one
dispersant flow meter and a pressure gauge. All systems shall
oncalibration,oneondepositionmeasurements,andoneonthe
be equipped with provision for cleaning and drainage.
use of the systems. Familiarity with all four guides is recom-
4.2 Ship/Boat—Each boom holding nozzles shall be de-
mended.
signed to be mounted near the bow of the vessel so that the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
spray is uniformly deposited on the slick surface. Spray units
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
can be portable or fixed. Flow correction or straightener
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
devices, to ensure laminar flow, shall precede the nozzles.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
System components should be designed to give a uniform
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
droplet spray as described in this guide. The spray pattern
shouldbeflatandstrikethewaterinalineperpendiculartothe
2. Referenced Documents
vessel’s line of travel. The nozzle spray angle should be such
2.1 ASTM Standards:
that spray from adjacent nozzles overlap just above the water.
F1460Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill DispersantApplica-
4.3 Airplanes—Mounting of spray booms on aircraft is
tion Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems
subject to federal regulation. Each installation or modification
F1738Test Method for Determination of Deposition of
requires approval.
Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
4.3.1 Nozzles may not be necessary on aircraft flying at
3. Significance and Use
speeds greater than 220 km/h (120 knots or 135 mph) because
the wind shear alone can produce the required droplet sizes.
3.1 This guide will enable design of oil spill dispersant
Pressure-activated check valves must be used to eliminate
application equipment using boom and nozzle systems and
drainage during nonspraying transits. In order to minimize the
ensureadesireddosageanduniformityacrosstheswathwidth.
effectsofwindshear,nozzlesshouldbeorientedaft(180°from
the direction of flight).
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.4 Helicopters—Systems may consist of spray booms with
F20.13 on Treatment.
nozzles and pump/tank assemblies directly attached to the
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally
helicopter or a bucket system slung below the helicopter.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1413–07. DOI:
10.1520/F1413-07R13.
4.4.1 The bucket system consists of a tank and pump
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
assembly to which spray booms with nozzles are attached.The
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
assembly is supported from the helicopter by a cable system
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and is remotely-controlled from the helicopter cabin. An
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1413 − 07 (2013)
indication of dispersant flow is required in the helicopter Shear has two components, nozzle shear rate and air shear.Air
cockpit. The bucket must be stabilized against rotation, yaw, shearisonlyimportantforaircraftflyingatspeedsgreaterthan
and sway. 150 km/h (80 knots or 100 mph).
6.2.1 Nozzle Shear Rate—In order to achieve the desired
5. Minimum Equipment Performance Specifications
droplet size, nozzle shear rate should not exceed 10000
−1
5.1 Target Dosage—Oil spill dispersant spray equipment
reciprocal seconds (s ) for aircraft systems and 2000 recipro-
shall provide a dispersant dosage of between 20 to 100 L per
cal seconds for ship or boat systems. Nozzle shear can be
hectare (2 to 10 U.S. gal per acre).
calculated using the following Eqs:
5.2 Droplet Size Distribution—The droplet size distribution 3
SR 5 16.7·FN/d (3)
of the dispersant reaching the target shall have a Volume
where:
Median Diameter (VMD) of 300 to 500 µm. The volume
−1
SR = shear rate in reciprocal seconds (s ),
median diameter is a means of expressing droplet size in terms
FN = average flow rate per nozzle in L/min (calculated
of the volume of liquid sprayed. The median volume diameter
from total flow (dispersant and water) divided by the
droplet size, when measured in terms of volume, is a value
number of nozzles), and
where50%ofthetotalvolumeofliquidsprayedismadeupof
d = the diameter of the nozzle orifice in cm.
droplets with diameters larger than the median value and 50%
smaller than the median value. Droplets having diameters
Or equivalently in U.S. units:
lesser than approximately 300 µm have a lower probability of
SR 5 3.85·FN/d (4)
hittingthetargetbecauseofexcessive
...