ASTM B610-23

Standard Test Method for Measuring Dimensional Changes Associated with Processing Metal Powders Intended for Die Compaction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dimensional Change When Compacting and Sintering Metal Powders:  
5.1.1 The dimensional change value obtained under specified conditions of compacting and sintering is a material characteristic inherent in the powder.  
5.1.2 The test is useful for quality control of the dimensional change of a metal powder mixture, to measure compositional and processing changes and to guide in the production of PM parts.  
5.1.3 The absolute dimensional change may be used to classify powders or differentiate one type or grade from another, to evaluate additions to a powder mixture or to measure process changes, and to guide in the design of tooling.  
5.1.4 The comparative dimensional change is mainly used as a quality control test to measure variations between a lot or shipment of metal powder and a reference powder of the same material composition.  
5.1.5 Factors known to affect size change are the base metal powder grade; type and lot; particle size distribution; level and types of additions to the base metal powder; amount and type of lubricant, green density, as well as processing conditions of the test specimen; heating rate; sintering time and temperature; sintering atmosphere; and cooling rate.  
5.2 Dimensional Change of Various PM Processing Steps:  
5.2.1 The general procedure of measuring the die or a test compact before and after a PM processing step, and calculating a percent dimensional change, is also adapted for use as an internal process evaluation test to quantify green expansion, repressing size change, heat treatment changes, or other changes in dimensions that result from a manufacturing operation.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers a test method that may be used to measure the sum of the changes in dimensions that occur when a metal powder is first compacted into a test specimen and then sintered.  
1.2 The dimensional change is determined by a quantitative laboratory procedure in which the arithmetic difference between the dimensions of a die cavity and the dimensions of a sintered test specimen produced from that die is calculated and expressed as a percent growth or shrinkage.  
1.3 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-May-2023
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.02 - Base Metal Powders

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B610 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Dimensional Changes Associated with
1
Processing Metal Powders Intended for Die Compaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder
1.1 This standard covers a test method that may be used to
Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
measure the sum of the changes in dimensions that occur when
B962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered
a metal powder is first compacted into a test specimen and then
Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’
sintered.
Principle
1.2 The dimensional change is determined by a quantitative
laboratory procedure in which the arithmetic difference be- 3. Terminology
tween the dimensions of a die cavity and the dimensions of a
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of the Powder Metallurgy
sintered test specimen produced from that die is calculated and
(PM) terms that are used in this test method are found in
expressed as a percent growth or shrinkage.
Terminology B243. Additional descriptive information is avail-
1.3 With the exception of the values for density and the able under “General Information on PM” on the ASTM B09
mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram
web page.
3
per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-
4. Summary of Test Method
standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound
units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
4.1 Rectangular test specimens are compacted to a target
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are
green density from a metal powder or metal powder mixture
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
and sintered under controlled conditions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 The absolute dimensional change, expressed as a growth
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
or shrinkage percentage is calculated from the difference
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
between the long dimension of the die cavity and the long
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
dimension of the sintered test specimen.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 The comparative dimensional change requires speci-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
mens from a reference metal powder lot agreed upon by the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
parties concerned to be produced and processed at the same
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
time. The dimensional change of the specimens from the test
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
powder is calculated and mathematically compared with the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dimensional change of the specimens from the reference
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
powder.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Dimensional Change When Compacting and Sintering
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
Metal Powders:
5.1.1 The dimensional change value obtained under speci-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
fied conditions of compacting and sintering is a material
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
characteristic inherent in the powder.
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
5.1.2 The test is useful for quality control of the dimensional
Current edition approved May 15, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally
change of a metal powder mixture, to measure compositional
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as B610 – 19. DOI:
10.1520/B0610-23.
and processing changes and to guide in the production of PM
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
parts.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.3 The absolute dimensional change may be used to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. classify powders or differentiate one type or grade from
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B610 − 19 B610 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Dimensional Changes Associated with
1
Processing Metal Powders Intended for Die Compaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This standard covers a test method that may be used to measure the sum of the changes in dimensions that occur when a metal
powder is first compacted into a test specimen and then sintered.
1.2 The dimensional change is determined by a quantitative laboratory procedure in which the arithmetic difference between the
dimensions of a die cavity and the dimensions of a sintered test specimen produced from that die is calculated and expressed as
a percent growth or shrinkage.
1.3 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic
3
centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and
are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
B962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of the Powder Metallurgy (PM) terms that are used in this test method are found in Terminology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02
on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019May 15, 2023. Published November 2019July 2023. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20132019 as
B610 – 13.B610 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/B0610-19.10.1520/B0610-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B610 − 23
B243. Additional descriptive information is available in the Related Material section of Vol. 02.05 of the under “General
Information on PM” on the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.ASTM B09 web page.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Rectangular test specimens are compacted to a target green density from a metal powder or metal powder mixture and sintered
under controlled conditions.
4.2 The absolute dimensional change, expressed as a growth or shrinkage percentage is calculated from the difference between
the long dimension of the die cavity and the long dimension of the sintered test specimen.
4.3 The comparative dimensional change requires specimens from a reference metal powder lot agreed upon by the parties
concerned to be produced and processed at the same time. The dimensional change of the specimens from the test powder is
calculated and mathematically compared with the dimensional change of the specimens from the reference powder.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Dimensional Change When Compacting and Sintering Metal Powders:
5.1.1 The dimensional change value obtained under specified conditions of compacting and
...